• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2008

Infiltration facilities are effective instruments to mitigate flood and can increase base runoff in urban watersheds. In order to analyze effects of infiltration trenches physical model experiments were conducted. The physical model facility consists of two soil tanks, artificial rainfall generators, tensiometers, and piezometers. The experiment was conducted by nine times and each case differed in rainfall intensity, rainfall duration and the type of ground surface. Measured quantities in the experiments are as follows: surface runoff, subsurface runoff, trench pipe runoff, groundwater level, water content, etc. The following resulted from the model experiment: The volume of subsurface runoff at trench watershed was maximum 78.3% compared with rainfall. This value is bigger than that of ordinary rate of subsurface runoff, and shows a groundwater recharge effect of trench. The time of runoff passing through the trench became earlier and the volume of runoff became larger with the increase of inflow into the trench, while trench exfiltration into ground became relatively smaller. The results of this study presented above show that infiltration trenches are effective instruments to increase base runoff during dry periods.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.54-66
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• 2002

A grid-based hydrological model, CELTHYM, capable of estimating base flow and surface runoff using only readily available data, was used to assess hydrologic impacts caused by land use change on Little Eagle Creek (LEC) in Central Indiana. Using time periods when land use data are available, the model was calibrated with two years of observed stream flow data, 1983-1984, and verified by comparison of model predictions with observed stream flow data for 1972-1974 and 1990-1992. Stream flow data were separated into direct runoff and base flow using HYSEP (USGS) to estimate the impacts of urbanization on each hydrologic component. Analysis of the ratio between direct runoff and total runoff from simulation results, and the change in these ratios with land use change, shows that the ratio of direct runoff increases proportionally with increasing urban area. The ratio of direct runoff also varies with annual rainfall, with dry year ratios larger than those for wet years shows that urbanization might be more harmful during dry years than abundant rainfall years in terms of water yield and water quality management.

• 생태와환경
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2021

이 연구는 지속가능한 수자원 이용 및 관리대책을 수립하는 데에 필요한 수문학적 자료를 제공할 목적으로 2017~2020년 홍수기 (6~9월)에 발생한 총 59회의 강우사상에 대한 강우-유출 특성을 파악하였다. 그 결과, 강우량은 5.0~400.8 mm, 유출고는 0.1~176.5 mm, 유출률은 0.1~242.9%의 범위로 나타났다. 그리고 유출수문곡선에서 직접유출과 기저유출을 분리한 결과, 홍수기의 총 유출일 대비 기저유출(139.3일)이 직접유출(78.3일)보다 유출기간이 길었지만, 총 유출고에 대한 기여도는 직접유출 (54.2%)이 기저유출 (45.8%)보다 높게 나타났다. 또한, 유출에 영향을 미치는 강우조건을 분석한 결과, 직접유출과 기저유출의 유출고 및 첨두유출고에 높은 유의성(p<0.05)을 보이는 강우조건은 강우량과 강우지속시간으로 나타났다. 특히, 유출고와 첨두유출고의 강우량은 각각 5.0~200.4, 10.5~110.5 mm의 범위에서는 기저유출이 우세한 강우사상이 나타났지만, 유출고와 첨두유출고의 강우량이 각각 267.4~400.8, 169.0~400.8 mm의 범위에서는 직접유출이 우세한 강우사상이 나타났다. 앞으로 극한 기후현상에 따른 물 부족이 심화할 것으로 예상되는 가운데, 산지계류의 직접유출 및 기저유출에 대한 장기적이고도 지속적인 분석이 이루어진다면 지표수-지하수의 이용 및 관리 측면에서의 활용과 자료의 신뢰성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2000년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.126-131
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• 2000

This paper presents a framework for developing an object-oriented system for runoff analysis. The objects include rainfall, meterorologic, watershed, reservoir, stream, DB management, and GUI. Data and method of each object were analyzed and defined. The database for runoff analysis were designed and DBMS MS-Access was chosen. The system design features and implementation are described, and an graphic user interface for flood runoff is presented

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 토심 대신 유효토심을 사용함에 따라 발생하는 강우-유출 해석과정의 문제를 VIC(Variable Infiltration Capacity) 모형을 가지고 살펴보았다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 모형의 매개변수를 다음과 같이 결정하였다. 먼저, 가용한 수치 정보를 이용하여 결정할 수 있는 매개변수는 고정하였다. 직접유출 및 기저유출 등에 관여하는 매개변수는 VIC 모형의 추천값을 적용하였다. 토심의 경우 (1) 유효토심을 적용하는 경우, (2) 토양층 연직 구조 특성을 반영하여 유효토심의 1.5배를 적용하는 경우 및 (3) 유효토심의 1.25배를 가정한 토심을 적용하는 경우, (4) 유효토심의 2.0배를 가정한 토심을 적용하는 경우 총 4가지를 고려하였다. 본 연구는 한강 유역의 충주댐 유역 및 소양강댐 유역을 대상으로 1983년에서 2020년까지의 기간에 대해 모의를 수행하였다. 연구 결과, 토심 대신 유효 토심을 적용하는 경우 직접유출과 기저유출에는 정반대의 영향을 미치며, 직접유출에는 3% 이상의 증가, 기저유출에는 동일 규모의 감소가 발생하는 것을 확인하였다. 추가로 충주댐과 소양강댐 유역의 유효토심 추정에 있어 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것은 암석노출지의 비중으로 나타났으며, 그 영향으로 두 유역의 직접유출률과 기저유출률의 차이가 크게 다른 것으로 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.20-32
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• 2008

제주도의 물관리나 지하수 함양량 산정에 있어서 직접유출량 평가는 유용하게 사용되어 진다. 외도천 유역의 상류지역인 천아계곡과 하류지점에서의 장기 수위관측자료를 이용하여 유출빈도를 분석한 결과, 년간 발생하는 유출 발생빈도는 천아계곡에서는 약 21회, 외도천 하류에서 약 12회였다. 유출지속시간을 고려하면 년간 유출을 관측할 수 있는 기간이 천아계곡에서는 21일, 외도천 하류에서는 12일 정도인 것으로 나타났다. 교차상관분석에 의하여 강우에 대한 수위반응은 약 4시간인 것으로 분석되었으며, 유출이 발생했을 때 천아계곡으로부터 외도천 하류지점까지 수위 전파시간은 약 2시간이었다. 외도천 하류지점에서 유량측정결과, 상시 유출량은 평균 0.39 $m^3$/sec였으며, 기저유출과(직접) 유출량을 평가하기 위해 수위-유량곡선을 개발하였고, 개발된 수위-유량곡선을 이용하여 수위를 시간에 따른 총유출량으로 산정하였다. 수치필터링기법에 의한 총유출량을 기저유출량과 직접유출량으로 분리 낸 결과, 년간 총 하천유량 중 31.8${\sim}$36.5% 정도를 직접유출이 기여하고 있으며 63.5${\sim}$68.2% 정도는 기저 유출이 기여하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.4184-4194
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• 1976

Located in the southwestern part of Korea, the Yong San Gang river flows generally northeast to southwest, and because of the specific location, topography and climate, the basin area is subject to recurrent drought and flood damages. To eliminate the cause of such damages and ensure an increase in the farm income by means of effective irrigation supply and increased cropping intensity, efforts are being made to speed up implementation of an integrated agricultural development project which would include construction. of an estuary dam and irrigation facilities as well as land development and tidal reclarnation. In formulating a basin development project plan, it is necessary to study a series of long-term runoff data. The catchment area at the proposed estuary damsite is 3,471$\textrm{km}^2$ with the total length of the river channel up to this point reaching 138km. An analysis of runoff in this area was carried out. Rainfall was estimated by the Thiessen Network based on records available from 15 of the rainfall observation stations within the area. Out of the 15 stations, Kwang Ju and Mok Po stations were keeping long-term precipitation records exceeding some 60 years while the others were in possession of only 5-10 years records. The long-term records kept by those stations located in the center of the basin were used as base records and records kept by the remaining stations were supplemented using the coefficient of correlation between the records kept by the base stations and the remainder. The analyses indicate that the average annual rainfall measured at Kwang Ju during 1940-1972 (33 years) amounts to 1,262mm and the areal rainfall amounts to 1,236mm. For the purpose of runoff analysis, 7 observatories, were set up in the middle and lower reaches of the river and periodic measurements made by these stations permitted analysis of water levels and river flows. In particular, the long-term data available from Na Ju station significantly contributed to the analysis. The analysis, made by 4-stage Tank method, shows that the average annual runoff during 1940-1972 amounts to 2,189 million ㎥ at the runoff rate of 51%. As for the amount of monthly runoff, the maximum is 484.2 million ㎥ in July while the minimum is 48.3 million ㎥ in January.

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.28-36
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• 1999

The concept of loading functions was implemented to estimate runoff and nutrient concentrations from nonpoint sources. The model was applied to a sub-watershed of Bokha watershed in Ichon, Kyonggi-Do, to investigate its limitations. Runoff prediction base

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.99-108
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• 1982

This thesis aims to estimate the rainfall runoff from paddy field in a small watershed during irrigation period. When the data observed at the proposed site are not available, the Monthly Runoff Equation of Korean Rivers which was derived from data observed under the following assumptions is used to study the water balance. a. Monthly base flow was assumed as 10. 2mm even if these is no mouthly rainmfall. b. Monthly comsumption of rainfall was ranged from 100 to 2OOmm without relation to the rainfall depth. However, the small watershed which consists mainly of paddy fields encounters severe droughts and accordingly the baseflow is negligible. Under the circumstances the author has developed the following equation called "Flood Irrigation Method for Rainfall Runoff "taking account of the evapotranspiration, precipitation, seepage, less of transportation, etc. R= __ A 7000(1 +F) -5n(n+1)+ (n+1)(Pr-S-Et)] where: R: runoff (ha-m) A: catchment area (ha) F: coefficient of loss (o.o-0. 20) Pr: rainfall (mm) S: seepage Er: evapotranspiration (mm) To verify the above equation, the annual runoff ratio for 28 years was estimated using the Monthly Runoff Equation of Korean Rivers the Flood Irrigation Method and the Complex Hydrograph Method based on meteorological data observed in the Dae Eyeog project area, and comparison was made with data observed in the Han River basin. Consequently, the auther has concluded that the Flood Irrigation Method is more consi- stent with the Complex Hydrograph Method and data observed than the Monthly Runoff Equation of Korean Rivers.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.845-851
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• 2018

In this study, the runoff characteristics of the non-rainfall period were examined using daily rainfall data from 1977 to 2017 and the data of runoff into the dam. Results showed that, the mean runoff decreases with longer non-rainfall periods in the Andong dam basin. The correlation coefficient between non-rainfall days and average runoff reaches 0.85. The results of the analysis of the runoff characteristics during the non-rainfall period, based on the preceding rainfall of Andong dam are as follows. The runoff characteristics of the entire non-rainfall period, shows that, for a rainfall of 1.0 mm or less, the runoff height was larger than the rainfall size and the base runoff larger. The correlation between the antecedent rainfall and runoff height was reached as high as 0.9864 in the 30 ~ 50 mm interval of the antecedent rainfall period, and this is the interval where the linearity of rainfall and runoff was at its maximum in the Andong dam basin. The correlation between the antecedent rainfall and the runoff height reached 0.92 for rainfalls of 100.0 mm. However, for rainfalls of 100.0 mm greater, the correlation between the antecedent rainfall and runoff height during the rainfall period was 0.64, which is relatively small. In this study, we investigated the runoff characteristics of the rainfall period in the Andong dam watershed. As a result, it was confirmed that the mean runoff decreased with rainfall duration. The linearity was found to be weak for rainfall events greater than 100.0 mm. The results of this study can be used as data for water balance analysis and for formulating a water supply plan to establish water resource management of Andong dam.