• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.42-42
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• 2001

The rate of coating consolidation influences the operation of several coating methods and the final quality of the coating layer. The rate of coating consolidation is characterized with a dynamic gloss meter at short times for a thin coating layer applied to the base sheet of interest. During the coating consolidation process, the laser gloss meter response curve exhibits two critical turning points that indicate the two coating immobilization points defined by the traditional methods. Five base sheets with several different coating suspensions are characterized. A model is proposed to estimate the rate of consolidation based on physical properties of the coating suspension, the base paper, and the liquid phase of the coating. The paper properties, especially the contact angle, are found to be an important factor in determining rate of consolidation. The model predicts the correct trends for the different coating suspensions and base sheets. The test method, along the model, can be used to determine the filtercake resistance of the coating layer for a thin and rapidly formed filtercake.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 2012

In this study, a recycling plan for waste concrete fine aggregate as fill material was researched by investigating environmental engineering properties. It is noted that the environmental influence of waste concrete fine aggregate is little since chemical level is satisfied the waste management standard. Waste concrete fine aggregate is not suitable for materials of anti-frost layer and sub-base layer since the particle-size distribution and engineering properties are not partially satisfied the quality standard. However, waste concrete fine aggregate can be recycled as materials of anti-frost layer and sub-base layer if we improve the engineering properties by mixing bigger aggregates than maximum particle size (5 mm) more than 25 percent of total weight.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.353-361
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• 2001

A new stereoscopic codec. structure using MPEG-2 multiview profile is presented in this paper. In the suggested codec., the left image is coded with motion estimation in the base layer and the right image is coded with disparity estimation in the enhancement layer. Since it is possible to calculate rough motion of the right image sequence with disparity and motion of the left image sequence, motion compensation of the enhancement layer is performed without motion estimation. To apply this mathod to MVP codec., the prediction mode of base layer and enhancement layer is restricted, and B picture mode in the base layer is removed. Since the proposed codec. does not perform motion estimation in the enhancement layer encoding and prediction mode of base layer is restricted, it's structure is simple and reduces the encoding time. We compared the SNR of encoded image with three different structured codec., and the experimental results show suggested codec. have comparable result.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.1505-1514
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• 1997

In this paper, a temporally adaptive layered image sequence coding technique employing H.261 is proposed. In the proposed technique, the frame rate of the base layer is adjusted according to the temporal activity measure based on the rate-distortion function. The base layer is encoded using the H.261. Then, the full frame-rate error image is formed by comparing the original image and the interpolated version of the reconstructed base layer image. The enhancement layer is algo encoded using H.261 but with leaky prdiction to provide robust error resilience. The simulation results show that the proposed technique provides better performance than the twin-H.261 with leaky prediction in both the fixed-rate and variable-rate systems.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.46-51
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• 2012

Transmit signal of Enhancement Layer in AT-DMB system is received by Coherent Detection, but in Base Layer of AT-DMB, a differential modulation and demodulation is adopted, same as the T-DMB. Especially for the coherent dectection of enhancement layer in AT-DMB system, a channel estimation must be employed. In this paper, I will show that the BER performance of Base-Layer in AT-DMB system will be improved by using the channel estimation information. The suggested method is focusing the constallations after Equalizaing to the nearlest ${\pi}$/4-shift DQPSK constallation points. Simulation results show that for the non-coding environment, the BER performance of AWGN channel, about 2-dB gain can be achieved at $10^{-4}BER$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1167-1174
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of various layer thicknesses and build angles on the flexural strength and surface roughness of repaired 3D-printed denture base resin. 3D-printed bar-shaped specimens with a 45° bevel were fabricated according to layer thickness(50 ㎛ and 100 ㎛) and build angle(0-degree, 45-degree, and 90-degree). Denture relining resin was applied to the 2 mm repair area Flexural strength was measured by a three-point bending test using a universal testing machine, and surface roughness(Ra) and surface topography were observed using a digital optical microscope at ×500 magnification. Statistical significance was analyzed using two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and Games-Howell post hoc(α = .05). Except for the 90-degree group, the group with a layer thickness of 100 ㎛ showed better flexural strength values than the group with a layer thickness of 50 ㎛(p < .05). Additionally, within the same layer thickness, the 45-degree group showed the lowest flexural strength value. The Ra values of the 0-degree and 90-degree groups, where the build angle was 45° to the layer orientation, were higher at 100 ㎛ than at 5 0 ㎛ layer thickness(p < .05), and the Ra value of the 45-degree group, where the build angle was parallel to the layer orientation, was lower than those of other build angles(p < .05). Layer thickness and build angle significantly affected the surface roughness of 3D-printed denture base resin, and the surface roughness was confirmed to be closely related to the bonding strength with denture relining resin.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.133-138
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a method for improving the lifetime of the sensor network SEP through the wireless sensor network divided into two spaces by reducing the transmission distance of the cluster head in the layer in the distance. With reference to the position information of the node, the base station divides the layer based on the midpoint of the nearest node and the furthest distance away from the base station node. And the cluster head in the outer layer far from the base station is transmitted the data to the base station via the cluster head in the inner layer base station to transmit data. That is, we are proposed the layered SEP by reducing the transmission distance of the cluster head in the outer layer for the energy consumption to a minimum. The proposed algorithm is verified by comparison with the existing SEP.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1761-1777
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• 2021

An image with infrared features and visible details is obtained by processing infrared and visible images. In this paper, a fusion method based on Laplacian pyramid and generative adversarial network is proposed to obtain high quality fusion images, termed as Laplacian-GAN. Firstly, the base and detail layers are obtained by decomposing the source images. Secondly, we utilize the Laplacian pyramid-based method to fuse these base layers to obtain more information of the base layer. Thirdly, the detail part is fused by a generative adversarial network. In addition, generative adversarial network avoids the manual design complicated fusion rules. Finally, the fused base layer and fused detail layer are reconstructed to obtain the fused image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can obtain state-of-the-art fusion performance in both visual quality and objective assessment. In terms of visual observation, the fusion image obtained by Laplacian-GAN algorithm in this paper is clearer in detail. At the same time, in the six metrics of MI, AG, EI, MS_SSIM, Q_abf and SCD, the algorithm presented in this paper has improved by 0.62%, 7.10%, 14.53%, 12.18%, 34.33% and 12.23%, respectively, compared with the best of the other three algorithms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.71-81
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• 2008

This paper proposes a spectral element which can represent dynamic responses in high frequency domain such as Lamb waves on a thin plate. A two layer beam model under 2-D plane strain condition is introduced to simulate high-frequency dynamic responses induced by piezoelectric layer (PZT layer) bonded on a base plate. In the two layer beam model, a PZT layer is assumed to be rigidly bonded on a base beam. Mindlin-Herrmann and Timoshenko beam theories are employed to represent the first symmetric and anti-symmetric Lamb wave modes on a base plate, respectively. The Bernoulli beam theory and 1-D linear piezoelectricity are used to model the electro-mechanical behavior of a PZT layer. The equations of motions of a two layer beam model are derived through Hamilton's principle. The necessary boundary conditions associated with electro mechanical properties of a PZT layer are formulated in the context of dual functions of a PZT layer as an actuator and a sensor. General spectral shape functions of response field and the associated boundary conditions are formulated through equations of motions converted into frequency domain. A detailed spectrum element formulation for composing the dynamic stiffness matrix of a two layer beam model is presented as well. The validity of the proposed spectral element is demonstrated through comparison results with the conventional 2-D FEM and the previously developed spectral elements.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.49-54
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• 2006

The Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA) overlaying method is lately introduced as one of the most useful surface modification method of the engine component. In this paper, the characteristics of the Co-base and Ni-base super alloy overlay layers by PTA method were investigated through the metallurgical, abrasive and cavitation erosion test. Experimental results showed that the abrasive wear resistance of the Co-base Stellite 6 overlayer was the most superior and followed in order of Nimonic 80A, Inconel 625 and Inconel 718. However, the cavitation erosion characteristic of the Stellite 6 overlayer was the most inferior and it was better in order of Inconel 625, Inconel 718 and Nimonic 80A.