• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.41-51
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• 2004

In this paper, the beam steering dipole phased array antenna systems for IMT-2000 base station have been designed. The designed beam steering dipole phased array antenna systems are constituted by the antenna part and the beam steering control system part. The antenna part is designed by the proposed flat dipole for the broadband characteristics, and the 8${\times}$8 dipole array antenna is constructed by the proposed flat dipole for the directional radiation pattern. Besides the vertical power divider is designed for the vertical power distribution. The beam steering control system part is designed the horizontal power divider for the horizontal power distribution, the 4-bit phase shifters and the driving circuit of phase shifters for the horizontal beam tilting. In order to evaluate a performance of the designed antenna systems, they were fabricated and the radiation characteristics were measured. From the measured results, we found that the horizontal beams were tilted by the each control signals, and the measured radiation characteristics showed good agreement with the design goals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.287-291
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• 2003

This paper analyzes Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of a wireless communication system using BPSK modulation technique with a smart antenna at base station. The channels under consideration are Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel or a slow, flat Rayleigh lading channel with AWGN. Under the assumptions that the MMSE beamformer is used and the time delays of all users are approximately equal, we first analytically derive closed-form expressions for the BER of the desired user. Then, computer simulation is carried out to verify the theoretical results.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.121-127
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a new beamforming method which is used in Multiple User-Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU-MIMO) system. An experimental system consists of LTE based TDD base-station which has 2 MIMO elements each of which contains 10-array antennas and 2 mobile terminals each of which has a single antenna. We demonstrate that the Multiple Access Interference can further be reduced by appending a beamforming procedure in MU-MIMO system in which various users share a given channel resource. The proposed algorithm is the ordinary Lagrange beamforming algorithm combined with Zero-Forcing. It is demonstrated that the proposed beamforming method outperforms a conventional method which is the ZF at least by 8dB in terms of SNR through computer simulations. From experimental tests, we verify the feasibility of the proposed beamforming algorithm for realizing a practical LTE based TDD base-station for utilizing channel resources more efficiently.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.30A no.11
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• pp.40-47
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• 1993

In this paper, a method for analyzing coaxial collinear antenna for base station of mobile communications using the moment method and the transmission line theory is presented. The excited voltages at the junctions between elements are expressed as the matrix with transmission parameters and these voltages are applied to the integral equation for calculating current distribution. Here, the current distributions, input admittances, radiation patterns and gains are calculated. Calculated values of the current distributions and the input admittances show good agreement with measured values. In case of beamtilted collinear antenna, radiation pattern is simialar to measured result except side lobe.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2016

In this paper, miniaturized ${\lambda}/4$ folded microstrip antennas is presented for parking monitoring base station system. The proposed antenna reduced a width of the radiating element for miniaturizing a size and we changed an aperture such as folded shape for reducing a length of the antenna by the pertubation effect by reducing a width of the antenna. Finally, the ${\lambda}/2$ length of the folded microstrip antenna to ${\lambda}/4$ folded microstrip antenna was miniaturized by reducing the length. The proposed antenna was designed to receive 425 MHz of center frequency that can be used without permission. Dimensions are $134mm{\times}143.85mm{\times}20.1mm$($0.19{\lambda}{\times}0.2{\lambda}{\times}0.028{\lambda}$, ${\lambda}$ is wavelength at 425 MHz) that are compared with basic microstrip patch antenna miniaturized 97.2%. Also, Measured -10 dB bandwidth was 2.44 MHz(0.57%). On the other hand, measured radiation patterns was 1.82 dBi at E-plane $15^{\circ}$.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.176-178
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• 2005

This paper presents closed-form expressions for exact bit error rate of MSK and OQPSK systems employing an adaptive antenna array at base station to eliminate co-channel interference. The channels under consideration are AWGN and one-path flat Rayleigh fading with AWGN. Computer simulation is carried out to confirm the theoretical results.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.525-533
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• 2013

As the number of base stations for mobile communication services rapidly grows with the development of mobile communications and the increase of radio-use devices, there are hazardous concerns raised on the possible health effects of EMF(Electro-magnetic fields) radiated from base station antennas. Since 2007, KCA(Korea Communications Agency) has been measuring the EMF on base station defined by Radio Act. This paper was studied to provide objective and accurate information that relieved anxiety of people by analyzing the measurement results on EMF strength. Also, we suggest to effectiveness and improvement of EMF measurement institution by analyzing measurement results since it was introduced on June 2007.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1394-1401
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• 2008

This work investigates the effects of vibration on the passive intermodulation distortion characteristics of base station antennas for 800 MHz CDMA mobile communication systems. In general, base station antennas are located at high positions such as on building rooftops or iron towers. Thus the antennas are always affected by random vibrations, coming from various natural environmental factors such as rain and wind, or from living environmental factors such as vehicles and trains passing by. The measured intermodulation distortion characteristics before and after vibration accelerated degradation test show that vibrations are indeed the main cause for the intermodulation distortion performances of such antennas. To minimize the effects of vibrations, a new antenna design isptoposed that has an improved tolerance for vibrations. Experimental results show that the proposed antenna design dramatically reduces the degradation of the intermodulation distortion more than 35 dB.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1311-1324
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• 2019

In the traditional cellular network communication, the cellular user and the base station exchange information through the uplink channel and downlink channel. Meanwhile, device-to-device (D2D) users access the cellular network by reusing the channel resources of the cellular users. However, when cellular user channel conditions are poor, not only D2D user cannot reuse its channel resources to access the network, but also cellular user's communication needs cannot be met. To solve this problem, we introduced a novelty D2D communication mechanism in the downlink, which D2D transmitter users as half-duplex (HD) relays to assist the downlink transmission of cellular users with reusing corresponding spectrum. The optimization goal of the system is to make the cellular users in the bad channel state meet the minimum transmission rate requirement and at the same time maximize the throughput of the D2D users. In addition, i for the purpose of improving the efficiency of relay transmission, we use two-antenna architecture of D2D relay to enable receive and transmit signals at the same time. Then we optimized power of base station and D2D relay separately with consideration of backhaul interference caused by two-antenna architectures. The simulation results show that the proposed HD relay strategyis superior to existing HD and full-duplex (FD) models in the aspects of system throughput and power efficiency.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.3205-3214
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• 1996

In this paper, the microstrip phased array antennas with coupling-slots for the base station of mobile communication is proposed and anlyzed with accurate analysis method which is based on both reciprocity principle and full-wave analysis. The basis functions used for the numerical analysis are determined depending upon the accuracy, convergence properties of the solution, and the computation time. The patch uses 3 EB mode and the slot uses IPWS mode. The designed phased array antenna has 8 slot-coupled microstrip patch array elements and the beam scanning capability is obtained by using the 4-bit PIN-diode phase shifters as switching devices which are consisted of the loaded line phase shifters for 30.deg. and 60.deg. and the reflection type phase shifters for 90.deg. and 180.deg. repectively. The 4-bits phase shifters which aremade by connecting each phase shifter have about 2.deg.-3.deg. phase errors and their insertion loss are about 3dB for each phase state. The fabricated 8-element phased array antenna with 4-bits phase shifters provides 12.deg.-14.deg. beamwidths depending on the scanning angle and is capable of scanning its beam to .+-.45.deg. with 9.deg. intervals, and the gain 12dBi. The overall results show that the slot-coupled phased array antenna has great advantages of wideband, high gain and reduced spurious radiation. Also, the antenna can be made small and thin. Furthermore, the scanning property of this antenna allows for its application in several areas, such as mobile communication system and PCS.