• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 1998

Generally pigment differs from dye stuff because it cannot be melted in water but also because it is stable physically and chemically. In this study you will discover the function, properties and effects of Micai-TiO$_2$-SiO$_2$pigment as abase material pigment. But until now used Mica of the base material is about 7-l5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ with an average diameters of 15${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. A new characteristic superficial pigment was obtained from covering the TiO$_2$ and SiO$_2$ with the adsorption result of isoelectric point of a Mica flake, TiO$_2$ and SiO$_2$In the composition reaction study of adsorption was done as well as the physical characteristics of the superficial texture of the obtained material. L,a,b of color change as oil was absorbed, optical nature and change of reflection according to direct and diffused reflection. In the composition of Mica slurry the best result obtained was in a solution with pH 2.0 to 2.3. Following this result, we can come to the idea that electrical attraction was done during the change of electrical charge of the Mica and TiO$_2$ deposit. Also this pigment shows a big scale between the direct reflection and diffused reflection light. Using this characteristic in cosmetic, it was obtained a natural but a contrast between light and shadow making possible a sculptured make-up. Color change due to oil adsorption was insignificant which improved the last of make up.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.162-165
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• 2012

The synchondrosis between the sixth and seventh costal cartilage is usually used for the base frame in autogenous ear reconstruction. If the synchondrosis is loose, a variety of modifications can be devised. This report introduces new methods for these problems. In cases of incomplete synchondrosis, only the surface of the base block margin was smoothly tapered without carving for the removal of the conchal deepening. The secure fixation of the two segments (helix and antihelix) to the base block using fine wire sutures gave stability to the unstable basal frame. After confirming that all the segments were assembled in one stable piece, the remaining conchal deepening of the basal framework was removed, and the outer lower portion of the basal cartilage was trimmed along its whole length. A total of 10 consecutive patients with microtia, ranging from 8 to 13 years old, were treated from 2008 to 2009. The follow-up period was 6 months to 2 years. Despite incomplete synchondrosis, the stable frameworks were constructed using the authors' method and aesthetically acceptable results were achieved. The proposed method can provide an easy way to make a stable cartilage framework regardless of the variable conditions of synchondrosis.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1014-1023
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• 2015

This paper presents the method of antenna polarization isolation and resource control for frequency interference reduction due to the frequency reuse between opposite sectors. We have examined the frequency interference between opposite sectors which is occurred by operating base station for reducing frequency interference. The base station has a frequency reusing structure in opposite sector. So, the base station can make a in-band frequency interference. In order to minimize frequency interference, we proposed two methods. The first is the antenna polarization isolation method. The CINR was improved to 27dB from 17dB when using the antenna polarization isolation. The second is resource control which is the method for lining up the RF power and limiting RF power control range of each link. In this paper, by using the proposed two methods, presents a scheme that reduces frequency interference in the frequency reusing structure.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 2020

Recently, the need of researches and developments about WSN(Wireless Sensor Network) technologies, which can be applied to services that require continuous monitoring or services to specific areas where accesses are limited, has gradually increased due to their expansion of application areas and the improvement of the efficiency. Especially, in the defense field, researches on the latest IT technologies including sensor network areas are actively conducted as an alternative to avoid the risk factors that can be occurred when personnel are put in, such as boundary and surveillance reconnaissance and to utilize personnel efficiently. In this paper, we analyze the conditions for increasing the life span of sensing nodes that make up sensor network by applying clustering and location-based techniques and derived the factors for extending the life span of them. The derived factors include CH(Cluster Head) election scheme and optimal path selection from CH to BS(Base Station). We proposed final scheme using derived factors and verified it through simulation experiments.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 2018

This paper proposes a pseudo-random beamforming technique for time-synchronized mobile base stations (BSs) for multi-cell downlink networks which have mobility. The base stations equipped with multi-antennas and mobile stations (MSs) are time-synchronized based on global positioning system (GPS) signals and generate a number of transmit beamforming matrix candidates according to the predetermined pseudo-random pattern. In addition, MSs generate receive beamforming vectors that correspond to the beam index number based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) using transmit beamforming vectors that make up a number of transmit beamforming matrices and wireless channel matrices from BSs estimated via the reference signals (RS). Afterward, values of received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) with regard to all transmit beamforming vectors are calculated, and the resulting values are then feedbacked to the BS of the same cells along with the beam index number. Each of the BSs calculates each of the sum-rates of the transmit beamforming matrix candidates based on the feedback information and then transmits the calculated results to the BS coordinator. After this, optimum transmit beamforming matrices, which can maximize a sum-rate of the entire cells, are selected at the BS coordinator and informed to the BSs. Finally, data signals are transmitted using them. The simulation results verified that a sum-rate of the entire cells was improved as the number of transmit beamforming matrix candidates increased. It was also found that if the received SINR values and beam index numbers are feedbacked opportunistically from each of the MSs to the BSs, not only nearly the same performance in sum-rate with that of applying existing feedback techniques could be achieved but also an amount of feedback was significantly reduced.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2006

Hydrogen as new energy sources is highly efficient and have very low environmental emissions. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an emerging technology that can meet these demands. Therefore, the preparation of stable polymeric membranes with good proton conductivity and durability are very important for hydrogen production via water electrolysis with PEM at medium temperature above $80^{\circ}C$. Currently Nafion of Dupont and Aciflex of Asahi, etc., solid polymer electrolytes of perfluorosulfonic acid membrane, are the best performing commercially available polymer electrolytes. However, these membrane have several flaws including its high cost, and its limited operational temperature above $80^{\circ}C$. Because of this, significant research efforts have been devoted to the development of newer and cheaper membranes. In order to make up for the weak points and to improve the mechanical characteristics with cross -linking, acid-base complexes were prepared by the combination PSf-co-PPSS-$NH_2$ with PEEK-$SO_3H$. The results showed that the proton conductivity decreased in 17.6% and 40% but tensile strength increased in 78% and 98%, about $20.65\;{\times}\;10^6N/m^2$, in comparison with SBPSf/HPA and SPEEK/HPA complex membrane.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.7-21
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• 2008

Three-story Stone pagodas in Gameunsa Temple site, one of the early staged stone pagodas, has been known as a standard of Silla stone pagodas. A stone pagoda is not only a stone art work and but also a stone architecture. In understanding the stone pagoda it is very important to be approached with technological side in which we can investigate the stone pagoda deeply and as well as to have been approached with art historical view. Also it needs that we should see the stone pagoda in view of structural safety. We can get many high technique from our ancestors who made Gameunsajiseoktap. 1. To reduce any deformation such as relaxation and sinking of members which is caused by a heavy load the members such as the lower tier of the base is made up of the foundation stone and side stone in each, comprising one stone. 2. A special construction method for connection between wall stone and column stone in stereobates was invented. It is to make column stone projected partially and wall stone be caved in that two members should be jointed well. This unique method is not used any longer after the three-story Stone pagodas in Gameunsa Temple Site. 3. In each side upper and lower member are not engaged as the size of roof stones and support stones of roof stones are different. It can be done for a distribution of perpendicular load and a prevention for relaxation of members. 4. It makes sure that to make upper ends of support stones 10mm lower was to be avoid upper loads to it judging from survey in disassemblying east pagoda. It proves that ancestors who made this stone pagoda had a technique to understand the structural matters to make small members as big as possible, not to engage in joint, to avoid in ends of members from upper load.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.71-75
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• 2002

According to this study, we can make the radiation check meter which have not supply because of high cost and import barrier and lengthen its life by means of repairing of radiation bomb and equipment. We can make better medical service. In my study, I used the photodiod, photoelectron, among semiconductor detectors which have a excellent detect capacity and are low cost and small size. I set up this equipment in June 1, 2002, used 640 mA remote operative fluorography equipment, which make the grade as capacity test. I used the standard measuring instrument which took proofs from a agency, now it was using in measuring agency. The comparative measuring instrument used in same condition. I took the standard which was gauged with a connecting measuring instrument. Using a existing unconnected measuring instrument, I compared the accuracy with new unconnected one. As a result, three score are within the standard. For the detailed analysis, I took the average of percentage average error. So standard instrument was -0.02, comparable was -0.22, and new one was -0.17. New one took a closer measured value with standard than comparable one. In more study, I think to take more accurate value. I expect that my study will be a base of measuring instrument, with low cost, supply of this instrument increase, I expect to decrease radiation bomb and maintain, repair and manager better.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.9-18
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• 2009

This paper deals with the elderly serious game design which makes full use of the existing arcade game machine. This serious game is on the issue for its positive role recently. Serious arcade game for the elderly which is made up arcade platform-based combined contents manufacture technology has an element which is having a fun for building up physical and mental health. It also has a special objective which can prevent against senile dementia. Above-mentioned serious arcade game which has a special objective in both hardware part and software part is needed to study how to design. Accordingly, this paper presents how to make up special-purpose entertainment machine and contents development by biologic, social, and psychological researches and data about the elderly - main users. We hope that this paper can be used as a base for expansion of new industrial field by integrating new product development for the elderly with high game technology.With the help of information technology

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.15 no.1 s.45
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• pp.14-22
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• 2006

Various pros and cons are raised as to the nuclear and renewable power portions. In order to generate scientific, objective, and comparative data, this study reviewed energy policies of some countries and derived 34 possible energy mix scenarios depending on the nuclear portion, the renewable portion and the make-up power sources. For each scenario, the unit electricity cost was calculated using the BLMP (Base Load Marginal Price) and SMP (System Marginal Price) methodology, which is currently adopted in Korean electricity market. The unit electricity cost for the current energy mix was 22.18 Won/kWh and those fir other scenarios spreaded from 19.74 to 164.07 Won/kWh excluding the transmission costs and profits of the electric utility companies. Generally, the increased nuclear power portion leads reduction in the unit electricity cost while the trend is reversed in the renewable power portion. Notable observation is that when the renewable power portion exceeds 20%, as the scenario cannot enjoy the benefit of cheap base load, the unit electricity cost at low demand time zone is increased.