• Title/Summary/Keyword: Base Isolation

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Isolation and Characterization of a Formate Dehydrogenase cDNA in Poplar (Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa) (현사시나무에서 Formate Dehydrogenase cDNA의 분리와 특성 구명)

  • Bae, Eun-Kyung;Lee, Hyoshin;Lee, Jae-Soon;Choi, Young-Im;Yoon, Seo-Kyung;Eo, Soo Hyung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.102 no.3
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    • pp.331-337
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    • 2013
  • Formate dehydrogenase (FDH), catalyzing the oxidation of the formate ion to carbon dioxide, is known as the stress protein in response to drought, low temperature and pathogen infection. To study the functions of FDH in poplar (Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa), we isolated a FDH cDNA (PagFDH1) and examined its expressional characteristics. The PagFDH1 is 1,499 base pairs long and encodes a putative 388 amino acid protein with an expected molecular mass of 42.5 kDa. The PagFDH1 protein has N-terminal mitochondria signal peptide and $NAD^+$ binding domain. Southern blot analysis indicated that a single copy of the PagFDH1 is present in the poplar genome. PagFDH1 is expressed highly in the suspension cells (especially in the lag and early exponential phases) and moderately in roots, flowers and leaves. ABA-mediated enhanced expression of PagFDH1 in response to drought and salt stress treatments indicates that the gene product could play an important role in the development of stress resistant trees.

Isolation and Characterization of Alga-Lytic Bacterium HY0210-AK1 and Its Degradability of Anabaena cylindrica (남조류 분해세균 HY0210-AK1의 분리와 특성 및 Anabaena cylindrica 분해 활성)

  • 장은희;김정동;한명수
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.194-202
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    • 2003
  • To isolate alga-lytic bacteria, a number of samples were collected from Lake of Sukchon and Pal'tang reservoir where cyanobacteria blooming occurred. HY0210-AK1, which exhibited high alga-lytic activity, was isolated using Anabaena cylindrica lawn. The morphological and biochemical characteristics of the isolate HY0210-AK1 were very similar to that of the genus Rhizobium. Taxonomic identification including 16S rDNA base sequencing and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate Hy0210-AK1 had a 99.1% homology in its 16S rDNA babe sequence with Sphingobium herbicidovorans. A. cylindrica NIES-19 was susceptible to the alga-lytic bacterial attack. The growth-inhibiting offset of the bacterium was not different on A. cylindrica NIES-19 when Sphingobium herbicidovorans HY0210-AK1 was in the lag, exponential, and stationary growth phase, although the alga-Iytic effect of S. herbici-dovorans HY0210-AK1 that in stationary growth phase was somewhat pronounced at the first time of inoculation. When S. herbicidovorans HY0210-AK1 was inoculated was inoculated with $1\times 10^{8}$ CFU $ml^{-1}$ together with A cylindrica NIES-19, the bacterium proliferated and caused algal lysis. A. cylindrica NIES-19 died when S. herbicidovorans HY0210 AKl was added to the algal culture but not when duly the filtrates from the bacterial culture was added. This suggests that extracellular substances are not responsible for inhibition of A. cylindrica NIES-19 and that algal Iysis largely attributed to direct interaction between S. herbicidovorans HY0210-AK1 and A. cylindrica NIES-19. The alga-lytic bacterium HY0210-AK1 caused cell lysis and death of three strain of Micro-cystis aeruginosa, but revealed no alga-Iytic effects on the Stephanodiscus hantzschii.

Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Isolated from Korea (국내에서 유행한 Respiratory Syncytial 바이러스의 염기서열 및 계통분석)

  • Kwon, Soon-Young;Choi, Young-Ju;Kim, So-Youn;Song, Ki-Joon;Lee, Yong-Ju;Choi, Jong-Ouck;Seong, In-Wha
    • The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.9-22
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    • 1996
  • Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in human, with infants and young children being particularly susceptible. In the temperate zones, sharp annual outbreaks of RSV occur during the colder months, in both the northern and the southern hemisphere. RSV is unusual in that it can repeatedly reinfect individuals throughout life and infect babies in the presence of maternal antibody. RSV isolates can be divided into two subgroups, A and B, on the basis of their reactions with monoclonal antibodies, and the two subgroups are also distinct at the nucleotide sequence level. The specific diagnosis of RSV infection was best made by isolation of virus in tissue culture, identification of viral antigen, or by specific serologic procedures. Recently, rapid detection of RSV and analysis of RSV strain variation became possible by development of methods of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification. In this study, to determine the genetic diversity of RSV found in Korea, 173 bp and 164 bp spanning selected regions of the RSV F and SH genes were enzymatically amplified and sequenced, respectively. Eight for F gene and three for SH gene were detected in 66 nasopharyngeal swap samples tested. Two major antigenic subgroups, A and B were confirmed from Korean samples (seven for subgroup A and one for subgroup B). At the nucleotide level of the F gene region, Korean subgroup A strains showed 95-99% homologies compared to the prototype A2 strain of subgroup A and 93-100% homologies among Korean subgroup A themselves. For the SH gene region, Korean subgroup A strain showed 97.5% homology compared to the prototype A2 strain of subgroup A, and Korean subgroup B strain showed 97% homology compared to the prototype 18537 strain of subgroup B. Most of base changes were transition and occured in codon position 3, which resulted in amino acid conservation. Using the maximum parsimony method, phylogenetic analysis indicated that Korean RSV strains formed a group with other RSV strains isolated from the United States, Canada, the Great Britain and Australia.

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Phylogenetic Relationship and DNA Polymorphism of Boleophthalmus pectinirostris and Scartelaos gigas (Teleostei: Gobiidae) of Korea (한국산 짱뚱어(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris)와 남방짱뚱어(Scartelaos gigas) (Gobiidae)의 분자유전학적 계통연관과 DNA 다형화)

  • Choi, Ki Ho;Chung, Ee Yung;Park, Gab Man
    • Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.149-156
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    • 2013
  • Phylogenetic relationships and DNA polymorphism among local populations of two Korean gobiidae species: Boleophthalmus pectinirostris and Scartelaos gigas were investigated based on 12S and 16S mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial cytochrome b DNA sequences. DNA polymorphisms of B. pectinirostris between Suncheon and Gunsan populations were 100% identity from 434 bp segment of 12S rRNA gene and from 444 bp segment of mitochondrial cytochrome b genes, and 99.6% (2 bp different) identity from 484 bp segments of 16S rRNA genes. These results indicated the long period of geographic isolation between two populations of B. pectinirostris in Korea caused such high degrees of DNA polymorphisms. Based on the phylogenetic tree constructed from the two gobiid species in Korea, two genetically distinct groups of B. pectinirostris and S. gigas groups were recognized.

Effects of Demineralized Bone Particle Loaded Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Scaffolds on the Attachment and Proliferation of Costal Cartilage Cells (탈미네랄화된 골분/PLGA 지지체에서 늑연골 세포의 부착과 성장에 미치는 영향)

  • Cho, Sun Ah;Song, Jeong Eun;Kim, Kyoung Hee;Ko, Hyun Ah;Lee, Dongwon;Kwon, Soon Yong;Chung, Jin Wha;Khang, Gilson
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.37 no.5
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    • pp.632-637
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    • 2013
  • It has been widely accepted that costal cartilage cells (CCs) have more excellent initial proliferation capacity than articular cartilage cells as well as the easiness for isolation and collection. This study demonstrated that CCs might be one of the substitutes for articular cartilage cells by tissue engineered cartilage. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been extensively tested and used as scaffold material but it was limited by the low attachment of cells and the induction of inflammatory cells. Base on previous our studies, we confirmed demineralized bone particle (DBP) had the power of the reduction of inflammatory reaction and the stimulation proliferation of cells. We fabricated PLGA scaffold loaded with 10, 20, 40 and 80 wt% DBP and then tested the possibility of the regeneration of cartilage using CCs. Assays of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) carried out to evaluate the attachment and proliferation of CCs in DBP/PLGA scaffolds. Glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and collagen contents assay were conducted to confirm the effects of DBP on formation of extracellular matrix. This study demonstrated that DBP/PLGA scaffolds showed significant positive effects on cell growth and proliferation due to the vitality of DBP as well as the possibility of the application of CCs for tissue engineered cartilage.

Community Health Practitioner's Commitment into Community : on the Aspect of Primary Health Care (보건진료원의 지역사회 몰입과정)

  • Yun, Soon-Nyoung;Kim, Young-Im;Choi, Jeong-Myung
    • Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.173-182
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    • 1995
  • Primary health care(PHC) has been established since A Health Law for rural residents has been legislated in 1980 following the WHO declaration, 'Health for All 2000'. in 1978. PHC services are presently assumed to be provided by 2038 Community Health Practitioners(CHP) to about 28% out of rural population in Korea. Most CHPs have confronted the adaptation process to the community being practiced although a CHP's role is to evoke community participation for the improvement of their health by themselves. So the purpose of this study is to describe and explain of the commitment of CHPs into the community. Data were collected by direct interview and tape-recording under subjects' permission till theoretical saturation were occured from 6 CHPs. The subjects were 41 years old and have served in the community for 9 years in average. Main questions and concepts were explored from data according to the procedure of the grounded theory methodology. The results are as follows. 1) The number of the main concepts were twenty four that identified Motive, Desire, Personal characteristics, Unfamiliarity, Denial, Feeling of isolation, Self-sacrifice, Kindness, Patience, Assimilation, Respect for the residents, Support by the family, Support by the residents, Achievement, Acceptance of realities, Use of resources, Inducement of cooperation from the residents, Changes of the difference from time orientation between CHP and residents, Attitude as a official, Technical support, Cost management, Satisfaction level, Acknowledgement by the residents and discrepancy. 2) The twenty four concepts were categorized to seven groups such as Motivation, Feeling of Heterogeneity, Self-discipline, Social support, Induced changes in the attitudes of residents, Familarity and Persistent discrepancy. 3) The categorized groups were analyzed on the base of the Causal Conditions, Central Phenomena, Contexts, Intervening Conditions, Action / Interaction Strategies, and Consequences. Central phenomenon in this study was identified to be the feeling of heterogeneity. Community health practitioners experienced unfamiliarity and denial from the community and felt themselves isolated in the first. In time, they won the trust of residents by their efforts including self-sacrifice, kindness, patience, and assimilation. Afterward, practitioners got self-confidence and familiarity with lesser feeling of heterogeneity. Nevertheless, practitioners could not commit themselves completely because of the persistent discrepancy between CHP and residents. 4) On the commitment process, the CHPs' feeling of heterogeneity were decresed and social support increesed and newly evolved induced change of residents through the continuous interaction between CHP and them The contribution of this study would be concluded as follows. 1) It is expected that effective strategies for more rapid committment into the community can be developed based on this study. 2) More easy committment would be possible for the newly appointed CHP through understanding of the committment process identified on this study.

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A Study on the Seismic Performance Design of Waterproofing Materials Applied Single-side Walls on Underground Structures (지하 구조물 외벽에 적용되는 방수재료의 구조체 거동 및 진동 대응 성능 설계 제안 연구)

  • Kim, Soo-Yeon;Kim, Meong-Ji;Oh, Sang-Keun
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.43-50
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    • 2020
  • In this study, the possibility of seismic performance design was proposed and the quality verification test method was reviewed as part of the design of waterproof performance in underground walls under accelerated environment conditions for waterproofing materials, which are barrier and finishing material that can prevent ingress or overflowing water from inside and outside of a building by attaching all of the construction materials used in construction structures. Considering the current state of earthquake-resistant design of construction materials in Korea and abroad, seismic product groups are rare and mostly dependent on construction methods because there are no regulations on materials, although there are still regulations on earthquake-resistant design in the building process under the current law. Overseas, it was possible to confirm that various building materials that gave seismic performance to non-structural materials, such as Japan, Canada, and Germany, are being developed. If it is possible to have a complementary response to earthquakes in the advanced external waterproofing materials, it can be expected to be applicable as leak prevention and prevention technology along with the seismic designed structure.

Hybrid Control of a Benchmark Cable-Stayed Bridge Considering Nonlinearity of a Lead Rubber Bearing (납고무받침의 비선형성을 고려한 벤치마크 사장교의 복합제어)

  • Park, Kyu-Sik;Jung, Hyun-Jo;Lee, In-Won
    • Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.51-63
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    • 2002
  • This paper presents a hybrid control strategy for seismic protection of a benchmark cable-stayed bridge, which is provided as a testbed structure for the development of strategies for the control of cable-stayed bridges. This benchmark problem considers the cable-stayed bridge that is scheduled for completion in Cape Girardeau, Missouri, USA in 2003. Seismic considerations were strongly considered in the design of this bridge due to the location of the bridge in the New Madrid seismic zone and its critical role as a principal crossing of the Mississippi river. Based on detailed drawings of this cable-stayed bridge, a three-dimensional linearlized evaluation model has been developed to represent the complex behavior of the bridge. A set of eighteen evaluation criteria has been developed to evaluate the capabilities of each control strategy. In this study, a hybrid control system is composed of a passive control system to reduce the earthquake-induced forces in the structure and an active control system to further reduce the bridge responses, especially deck displacements. Conventional base isolation devices such as lead rubber bearings are used for the passive control design and Bouc-Wen model is used to simulate the nonlinear behavior of these devices For the active control design, ideal hydraulic actuators are used and on $H_2$/LQG control algorithm is adopted. Numerical simulation results show that the performance of the proposed hybrid control strategy is quite effective compared to that of the passive control strategy and slightly better than that of the active control strategy. The hybrid control method is also more reliable than the fully active control method due to the passive control part. Therefore, the proposed hybrid control strategy can effectively be used to seismically excited cable-stayed bridges.

Seismic Performance Evaluation of Multi-Story Piping Systems using Triple Friction Pendulum Bearing (지진격리장치를 적용한 복층구조파이핑 시스템의 내진성능평가)

  • Ryu, Yonghee;Ju, Buseog;Son, Hoyoung
    • Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.450-457
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: The evaluation of seismic performance of critical structures has been emerging a key issue in Korea, since a magnitude 5.8 earthquake, the worst in Koran history, struck Gyeongju, southern area in Korea on september 12th, 2016. In particular, the catastrophic failure of nonstructural components such as sprinkler piping systems can cause significant economic loss or loss of life during and after an earthquake. The nonstructural components can be more fragile than structural components in seismic behavior. Method: This study presents the seismic performance evaluation of fire protection piping system, using coupled building-piping system installed with Triple Friction Pendulum Bearings (TPBs). Kobe (Japan), Kocaeli (Turkey), and GyeongJu (Korea) were selected to consider the uncertainty of ground motions in this study. Result: In the simulation results, it was observed that the reduction of maximum displacements of the piping system with the TPBs' system was significant: Kobe, Kocaeli, and Gyeongju cases were 49%, 14.4% and 21.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, using seismically isolated system in a building-piping system can be more effective to reduce the seismic risk than a normally installed building-piping systems without TPBs in strong earthquakes.

The Effects of Intention Inferences on Scarcity Effect: Moderating Effect of Scarcity Type, Scarcity Depth (소비자의 기업의도 추론이 희소성 효과에 미치는 영향: 수량한정 유형과 폭의 조절효과)

  • Park, Jong-Chul;Na, June-Hee
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.195-215
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    • 2008
  • The scarcity is pervasive aspect of human life and is a fundamental precondition of economic behavior of consumers. Also, the effect of scarcity message is a power social influence principle used by marketers to increase the subjective desirability of products. Because valuable objects are often scare, consumers tend to infer the scarce objects are valuable. Marketers often do base promotional appeals on the principle of scarcity to increase the subjective desirability their products among consumers. Specially, advertisers and retailers often promote their products using restrictions. These restriction act to constraint consumers' ability th take advantage of the promotion and can assume several forms. For example, some promotions are advertised as limited time offers, while others limit the quantity that can be bought at the deal price by employing the statements such as 'limit one per consumer,' 'limit 5 per customer,' 'limited products for special commemoration celebration,' Some retailers use statements extensively. A recent weekly flyer by a prominent retailer limited purchase quantities on 50% of the specials advertised on front page. When consumers saw these phrase, they often infer value from the product that has limited availability or is promoted as being scarce. But, the past researchers explored a direct relationship between the purchase quantity and time limit on deal purchase intention. They also don't explored that all restriction message are not created equal. Namely, we thought that different restrictions signal deal value in different ways or different mechanism. Consumers appear to perceive that time limits are used to attract consumers to the brand, while quantity limits are necessary to reduce stockpiling. This suggests other possible differences across restrictions. For example, quantity limits could imply product quality (i.e., this product at this price is so good that purchases must be limited). In contrast, purchase preconditions force the consumer to spend a certain amount to qualify for the deal, which suggests that inferences about the absolute quality of the promoted item would decline from purchase limits (highest quality) to time limits to purchase preconditions (lowest quality). This might be expected to be particularly true for unfamiliar brands. However, a critical but elusive issue in scarcity message research is the impacts of a inferred motives on the promoted scarcity message. The past researchers not explored possibility of inferred motives on the scarcity message context. Despite various type to the quantity limits message, they didn't separated scarcity message among the quantity limits. Therefore, we apply a stricter definition of scarcity message(i.e. quantity limits) and consider scarcity message type(general scarcity message vs. special scarcity message), scarcity depth(high vs. low). The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the scarcity message on the consumer's purchase intension. Specifically, we investigate the effect of general versus special scarcity messages on the consumer's purchase intention using the level of the scarcity depth as moderators. In other words, we postulates that the scarcity message type and scarcity depth play an essential moderating role in the relationship between the inferred motives and purchase intention. In other worlds, different from the past studies, we examine the interplay between the perceived motives and scarcity type, and between the perceived motives and scarcity depth. Both of these constructs have been examined in isolation, but a key question is whether they interact to produce an effect in reaction to the scarcity message type or scarcity depth increase. The perceived motive Inference behind the scarcity message will have important impact on consumers' reactions to the degree of scarcity depth increase. In relation ti this general question, we investigate the following specific issues. First, does consumers' inferred motives weaken the positive relationship between the scarcity depth decrease and the consumers' purchase intention, and if so, how much does it attenuate this relationship? Second, we examine the interplay between the scarcity message type and the consumers' purchase intention in the context of the scarcity depth decrease. Third, we study whether scarcity message type and scarcity depth directly affect the consumers' purchase intention. For the answer of these questions, this research is composed of 2(intention inference: existence vs. nonexistence)${\times}2$(scarcity type: special vs. general)${\times}2$(scarcity depth: high vs. low) between subject designs. The results are summarized as follows. First, intention inference(inferred motive) is not significant on scarcity effect in case of special scarcity message. However, nonexistence of intention inference is more effective than existence of intention inference on purchase intention in case of general scarcity. Second, intention inference(inferred motive) is not significant on scarcity effect in case of low scarcity. However, nonexistence of intention inference is more effective than existence of intention inference on purchase intention in case of high scarcity. The results of this study will help managers to understand the relative importance among the type of the scarcity message and to make decisions in using their scarcity message. Finally, this article have several contribution. First, we have shown that restrictions server to activates a mental resource that is used to render a judgment regarding a promoted product. In the absence of other information, this resource appears to read to an inference of value. In the presence of other value related cue, however, either database(i.e., scarcity depth: high vs. low) or conceptual base(i.e.,, scarcity type special vs. general), the resource is used in conjunction with the other cues as a basis for judgment, leading to different effects across levels of these other value-related cues. Second, our results suggest that a restriction can affect consumer behavior through four possible routes: 1) the affective route, through making consumers feel irritated, 2) the cognitive making route, through making consumers infer motivation or attribution about promoted scarcity message, and 3) the economic route, through making the consumer lose an opportunity to stockpile at a low scarcity depth, or forcing him her to making additional purchases, lastly 4) informative route, through changing what consumer believe about the transaction. Third, as a note already, this results suggest that we should consider consumers' inferences of motives or attributions for the scarcity dept level and cognitive resources available in order to have a complete understanding the effects of quantity restriction message.

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