• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2001

Estimation of the annual net production, nitrogen (N) and base cation (BC＝K, Mg, Ca) uptake by stocked forests in South Korea has been done with national statistical data of forestry from 1995 to 1999. The annual net production of stems and branches was about 1.8 ton DM ha/sup -1/ yr/sup -1/. The net productivity of deciduous forests was higher than that of coniferous forests. Total net production of the stocked forests from the whole stocked area of South Korea of 6.246×10/sup 6/ ha, was about 1.13×10/sup 7 ton DM/yr, and the total harvested biomass obtained from timber production data in 1999, was estimated about 6.1×105 ton DM/yr that was equivalent to 98 kg DM ha/sup -1/ yr/sup -1/f. Net growth uptake of N and BC were 350 mol ha/sup -1/ yr/sup -1/ and 296 mol ha/sup -1/ yr/sup -1/ respectively, and the content of N and BC contained in the harvested biomass were 20 mol ha/sup -1/ yr/sup -1/ and 16 mol ha/sup -1/ yr/sup -1/ respectively. Net uptake of N was higher than that of BC. Total net uptake of N and BC from growth and harvest by stocked forests in South Korea were 2.309×10/sup 9/ mol/yr and 1.953×10/sup 9 mol/yr respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2009

Using the "Statistical Yearbooks of Korean forestry", we assessed the uptake of nitrogen and base cations by Korean forest. Combined amount of base cations uptake by forest tress during its growth and that of at the time of harvest reached to 1,034 eq/ha/yr. The base cations uptake in the range of 900 ~ 1,100 eq/ha/yr occupied approximately 48.6% out of total. Coniferous forest in the range of 170 ~ 200 eq/ha/yr was 59.9%, deciduous forest in the range of 430 ~ 530 eq/ha/yr was 42.6%, and mixed forest in the range of 270 ~ 370 eq/ha/yr was 35.7% out of total. Deciduous forest recorded higher uptake rate of nitrogen and base cation than coniferous forest in Korea. Combined amounts of nitrogen uptake by forest tress during growth and that at the time of forest, was 1,108 eq/ha/yr and nitrogen uptake was in the range of 1,000 ~ 1,200 eq/ha/yr, Within Korea, forest with nitrogen uptake in the range of 1,000 ~ 1,200 eq/ha/yr account for 45.7% of the entire country. Locations in the range of 320 ~ 390 eq/ha/yr occupied 43.9% of all coniferous forest while deciduous forest in the range of 470 ~ 570 eq/ha/yr was 40.4% of total deciduous forest. As for mixed forest in the range of 270 ~ 370 eq/ha/yr, it occupied 35.9% of all mixed forest of Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.417-431
• /
• 2005

Soils of Korea experienced with long-term acidic deposition have been exhaustively leached exchangeable base cation (BC) for plant nutrient comparable with soils of forest decline areas in Europe and N. America. Ratios of $BC/Al^{3+}$ of most soils are below than 1, which value is critical load for plant growth. Acid soil applied with dolomitic liming is increased as much as 20% and 244% in concentrations of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$, respectively, as well as shrub leaves increase much cation uptake by 1 year later. Ions of $NO_3^-$ and $NH_4^+$ in acid rain are absorbed by the canopy acted as the sink but f is leached out from the canopy to throughfall as the source at Gwangneung forest with a little of acidic deposition, however, such sink and source functions are not found at Kwanaksan forest because of so much deposition. In coniferous and deciduous forested watershed ecosystems ions of $K^+$, $Cl^-$, $NO_3^-$ and $SO_4^{2-}$ from throughfall are retained in forest floor but ions of $Na^+, $Mg^{2+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$ are leached from the floor to streamwater.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.109 no.2
• /
• pp.157-168
• /
• 2020

The sensitivity of forest soil to acidification in the Republic of Korea (ROK) was evaluated based on pH_H2O, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and base saturation (BS). Sensitivity to acidification was categorized into three grades: adequate level (AL, pH ≧ 4.2, CEC ≧ 15cmol/kg, BS ≧ 15%), caution level (CL, at least one indicator is below AL), and severe Level (SL, all three indicators are below AL). Soil samples were collected from the 65 stationary monitoring plots (40 × 40 ㎢), distributed throughout ROK. Only 19% of soil samples were classified as AL, while 66% and 15% were CL and SL, respectively. The median of pH_H2O, CEC, BS, and Ca/Al indicator in AL soils was pH 4.64, 20.7cmol/kg, 29%, and 6.3, respectively. Moreover, BC_ex (K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺) and available phosphorus (AP) concentration compared with a threshold value and molar ratio of BC_ex and AP to total nitrogen (TN) was high. This indicates that AL soils have a good nutrient condition. The molar Ca/Al ratio, an indicator for toxicity of exchangeable aluminum (Al_ex), was more than 1, indicating no negative impact of Al_ex on plant growth. On the contrary, the median of pH_H2O, CEC, and BS in SL soils was pH 4.02, 13.2cmol/kg, and 10%, respectively. The Ca/Al index was less than 0.6, which indicates that negative impacts of Al_ex on plants were high. Furthermore, both the concentration of BC_ex in SL soils and the BC_ex/TN ratio were the lowest among the three acidity degrees. This shows that SLsoils can be degraded by soil acidification compared with less acidic soils.