• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2002

The role of SI in this IT era is recognized high as a value-creating activity in the overall industries. But the valuation factors are not so attractive compared to other industries. Among the negative factors are the relatively high cost of sales and operating cost, the lack of technical differentiation among the firms, the low level of entry barrier, and the resulting competition in the SI industry. But some positive factors such as the expectation for the overall introduction of IT into eoconomy, development of SM (System Management) projects, and the sales of developed soultions and components increase the value of SI firms.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.525-533
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to propose and test a predictive model that would explain and predict fall prevention behaviors in postmenopausal women. The health belief model was the theoretical basis to aid development of a nursing intervention fall prevention program. Methods: Data for 421 postmenopausal women were selected from an original data set using a survey design. The structural equation model was tested for 3 constructs: modifying factors, expectation factors, and threat factors. Expectation factors were measured as relative perceived benefit (perceived benefit minus perceived barrier), self-efficacy, and health motivation; threat factors, as perceived susceptibility (fear of falling) and perceived severity (avoiding activity for fear of falling); and modifying factors: level of education and knowledge about fall prevention. Data were analyzed using SPSS Windows and AMOS program. Results: Mean age was 55.7 years (range 45-64), and 19.7% had experienced a fall within the past year. Fall prevention behaviors were explained by expectation and threat factors indicating significant direct effects. Mediating effect of health beliefs was significant in the relationship between modifying factors and fall prevention behaviors. The proposed model explained 33% of the variance. Conclusion: Results indicate that fall prevention education should include knowledge, expectation, and threat factors based on health belief model.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.5-26
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• 2001

Many studies have reported that regular aquatic exercise can lead to improvement of health for patients suffering from arthritis. In spite of these benefits, the adherence rate has shown as few as 26% of patients with arthritis who had completed the aquatic exercise education program. Moreover, when patients with arthritis begin an aquatic exercise, 47% withdraw within the first 6 month. No study has been found that constructs model to explain aquatic exercise adherence of patients with arthritis. The purpose of this study were to identify the factors influencing exercise adherence and to construct and test a structural model to explain aquatic exercise adherence of patients with arthritis. Hypothesized model was constructed on the basis of Bandura's social cognitive theory and literature review. Exogenous latent variables included in this model are group cohesion and barrier, endogenous latent variables are self-efficacy, outcome expectancy and self-evaluation. Empirical data used was collected through individual interviews with the structural questionnaire on 249 patients with arthritis who had completed the 6-week aquatic exercise education program of Korean Rheumatology Health Professionals Academy. The interviews were performed from September 6, 1999 through October 8, 1999. A model tested by the covariance structural analysis with LISREL 8.12a program and by descriptive statistics and correlation with SAS 6.12 program. The results are summarized as follows: First, hypothesized model showed a good fit to the empirical data. In the modified model added one new path showed a much better fit. Second, group cohesion had a direct, indirect positive effects, self-efficacy and self evaluation had a direct positive effects on exercise adherence. Barrier had a direct, indirect negative effects on exercise adherence. Outcome expectancy had a direct negative effect, indirect positive effects through self-evaluation on exercise adherence, but total effects was not significant. Total effect size of the variables were group cohesion, self-efficacy, barrier and self evaluation in order. All variables accounted for 54% of the total variance of exercise adherence in the model. In conclusion, this model confirmed to be proper in explaining of aquatic exercise adherence. Group cohesion, self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, self-evaluation, barrier contributed to the aquatic exercise adherence of patients with arthritis. The results of this study suggested that improvement of group cohesion, self-efficacy and self-evaluation, motivation of outcome expectancy through self-evaluation, and reduction of the barrier should be included in the strategy of nursing intervention for the aquatic exercise adherence of patients with arthritis.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.395-400
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• 2017

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors, dysregulation of immunological response, as well as dysfunction of the skin barrier proteins. The purpose of this study is to develop an ELISA kit suitable for evaluating the expression of skin barrier proteins. Proteins were obtained from the skin via AriNo and D-Squame patches. The efficiency of protein collection from the skin, using the Arino patch, was shown to be more effective than using D-Squame; while the efficiency of lysis using 0.1% Triton-X100 was higher than that of other lysis solutions, including 0.1 M Tris-HCL, 0.1% Tween-20, and 5 mM KOH. Recombinant skin barrier proteins, such as filaggrin and involucrin, were produced by molecular biological methods. Monoclonal antibodies against filaggrin and involucrin were produced by immunization of mice, fusion of spleen cells and myeloma cells, as well as a selection of antibody-producing hybridoma cells. The filaggrin expression in the skin of subjects suffering from atopic dermatitis was lower than that in normal mice. Involucrin expression was not altered between normal individuals and subjects with atopic dermatitis. These findings contribute to an elucidation of the importance of the skin barrier protein expression in atopic dermatitis and the development of a diagnostic kit for atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.549-562
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• 2024

Purpose: In this study, numerical analysis was conducted to verify the vibration reduction effect of installing vibration barriers under various installation conditions to mitigate train-induced vibrations from the GTX. Method: To identify the factors influencing vibration reduction among the installation conditions, the stiffness ratio of the filling material and the installation depth of the barrier were varied. Result: The study results indicated that using ductile filling materials provided superior vibration reduction compared to hard filling materials. The vibration reduction effect was found to be more significant when the stiffness ratio between the ground and the filling material was closer to zero. Additionally, the deeper the installation depth of the barrier, the better the vibration reduction effect. Conversely, if the barrier was installed too shallowly, vibration at the measurement point was amplified. Conclusion: The optimal installation condition for vibration reduction was found to be a stiffness ratio of 0.08 and an installation depth of 15 meters, resulting in a vibration reduction rate of 60.34% at a measurement point 10 meters away from the vibration source.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.483-496
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to describe how Korean nurses overcome the language barrier while working in the U.S. hospital settings. Twelve Korean nurses living in New York metropolitan area were asked open-ended, descriptive questions to collect the data. The interviews were done in Korean. All interviews were audiotaped under the permission of the participants and were transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed using grounded theory analysis. The research process consisted of two phases. In the first phase 8 Korean nurses were interviewed and analyzed. In the second phase, further data were collected to verify categories and working hypotheses that were emerged from the first phase. The results of this study show that all Korean nurses experienced severe psychological stress such as confusion, anxiety, frustration, loss of self-confidence, embarrassment, guilt, depression, anger, and fear. Among the mode of communication such as listening, speaking, leading, and writing, they had the most difficulty in speaking. Speaking ability was especially important for them because of the emphasis of individualism and self-defense in the U.S. Among the verbal communication modes, non-face-to-face communications such as phone conversation and body language were the most difficu1t for them to overcome. It took at least 2 years for the participants to initially overcome the language barrier in U.S. hospitals. After 2-5 years they began to feel comfortable even in non-face-to-face communication. They could actively search for the better place to work after 5 years. They finally felt comfortable in English and in their job almost after 10 years. The factors that influenced the English improvement were ‘the years of clinical experience in Korea’, ‘the decade they came to the U.S.’ ‘coming to U.S. alone or with other Korean nurses’, ‘racial homogeneity or heterogeneity of the working unit’, and ‘the degree of social support’. The strategies Korean nurses used to overcome the language barrier included depending on the written communication, using ‘nunchi’, working and studying hard, and establishing good interpersonal relationships with co-workers. They also employed assertive behavior of the U.S., such as using more explicit verbal language and employing smiles and eye contact with others during the conversation. The results of the study may help Korean nurses and nursing students who try to work in U.S. hospital settings by understanding problems other Korean nurses faced, factors that influenced their English improvement, and strategies they used. They may also help U.S. nurses and administrators in developing and implementing efficient programs for newly employed Korean nurses by understanding major problems and feelings the Korean nurses experienced and strategies they used to overcome the language barriers.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.21 no.2 s.75
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• pp.22-34
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• 2007

We present basic data for developing new research topics and closely examine the existing data on the development and organization of the Nakdong River Estuary Delta by analyzing various studies of the area, including ocean engineering, coastal engineering, ocean environmental engineering, geomorphological, and geological studies. We first defined the general concepts related to the estuary and delta and reviewed the historical development of the Nakdong River Estuary Delta over the past 100 years. We then examined the origin and core elements of the estuary deposits that constitute the delta. In addition, we scrutinized the main factors affecting the development of the delta and analyzed existing research on delta development mechanisms by core researchers. The construction of an estuary barrage is one of the main factors effecting estuarine circulation and has altered the physical oceanic environment, area of deposition, atmospheric environment, and vegetation community of the delta. These factors affect the estuary circulation in turn, altering the delta. Along the Nakdong River, an unsteady-state sandy barrier appears at approximately three times the distance of the wavelength of incident offshore waves, and this terrain forms approximately 10-15 years after reclamation in the interdistributary upper stream and transforms the shoreline. It is necessary to develop a technique to predict terrain change that reproduces the erosion and accumulation of estuarine deposits. To determine the parameters and variables necessary to reproduce this system, continuous on-site monitoring is necessary. The existing research did not fully examine the terrain changes in Nakdong River Estuary or the periodic developmental characteristics. To understand the future process of estuary delta development, it is necessary to establish an integrated management system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.359-369
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• 2009

This study is designed to figure out internship stress factors which took place in their work place of Hotel. Then, the relationship between these internship stress factors and internship satisfaction were explored. Lastly, the internship satisfaction of student under high stress in each stress factor and that of students under low stress were compared each other. five internship stress factors(internship-related stress, human relation stress, regulation stress regarding human resources, organization stress, and Foreign language barrier stress) were delineated from factor analysis. The levels of each internship stress sere significantly different based on several demographic variables. As like as other studies, there were negative relationship between stress and internship satisfaction. finally, the students with low stress in each stress factor except language barrier stress were more satisfied with their internship than those under high stress.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.52-70
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• 2018

Objectives : Atopic dermatitis(AD) and environmental factors are closely related, but there is lack of oriental medical examination. So we compared the relationship between AD and various environmental factors in Oriental medicine and Western medicine. Methods : We described the relationship between AD and environmental factors through the latest papers and a review of the oriental medicine literature. Results : The regional diversity of AD incidence implies a close relationship between climate factors and AD, and high altitude and low pH springs also have an effect on AD. Air pollutants from industrialization and urbanization aggravate AD. The increase in indoor residence time and the increase in room temperature and humidity have also increased the sensitization to allergens such as house dust mite. In oriental medicine, wind(風) is one of the environmental factors and is an inflammatory state due to external irritation. Wind-Humidity(風濕) refers to erythematous wetting dermatitis with itching and exudation, Wind-Fever(風熱) refers to acute inflammatory reaction with erythematous papules and plague, and Blood-Weakness(血虛) refers to aggravation and chronicization of inflammation due to persistence of skin barrier impairment. Conclusions : We examined the relationship between AD and various environmental factors. We also described the oriental medical viewpoints of the environmental factors in the occurrence of AD and skin barrier impairment.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.298-303
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• 2003

In recent years, shearogrpahy has significantly improved capabilities in the areas of unbond and separation detection in tires. Although shearography has many advantages for qualitative evaluation, the technique remains the problem of quantitative analysis of inside defects, because shearography needs several effective factors including the amount of shearing, shearing direction and induced load, which exist as barrier for the quantitative analysis of inside defects. Since the factors are highly dependent on inspectors skill and also affect the in-situ workability. The factors were optimized and the size of cracks inside of pipeline and tire has been quantitatively determined.