• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.298-305
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• 2011

Objectives: There has been a great amount of controversy in the food industry over the effectiveness of using gloves. The objectives of this study were to examine the microbial contamination of food handlers' hands and determine if using gloves could ensure safe handling of foods. Methods: Samples were collected through the glove-juice method from the bare and gloved hands of food handlers at work and were analyzed for the presence of aerobic plate counts, total coliform, fecal coliform, Escherichiacoli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. Microbiological testing was conducted according to the Food Code of Korea. Results: Microbial contamination was consistently higher with bare hands than with gloved hands, although the microbial loads on both hands increased over time. Under certain conditions, there were significant differences between the bacterial loads on bare and on gloved hands (p<0.05). E. coli, S. aureus, and Salmonella spp. were still alive on both bare and gloved hands at the time the food handlers finished their work. Conclusions: Wearing gloves was associated with a marked reduction of bacterial contamination of the hands. However, the practice of continuously wearing gloves during food handling increases the potential for cross-contamination of bacteria. The findings of this study emphasize the need for a rational use of gloves, and strict adherence to hand hygiene compliance among food handlers.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.330-335
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• 2011

This study was performed to determine the transfer rates of each foodborne pathogen from pork meat packaging during the processing. We analyzed the transfer rate of Listeria monocytogenes from contaminated pork meat to worker's hands (wearing polyethylene gloves, PEG; cotton gloves, CG; and bare hands), cutting boards and knives, and vice versa. Transfer rate of CG 100.00% was higher than that of bare hands 2.513% and PEG 1.511%. In particular, when wearing Co, the transfer rate from the CG to bare hands with CG was 0.08%. Also, the range of transfer rates from contaminated pork meat to cutting board and knife was 0.352-3.791%. In contrast, transfer rates from the workers' hands (with PEG/CG and bare hands) to cutting board, knife, and pork meat ranged from 0.001 to 0.141%. There was a lower transfer rate from workers' hands than from pork meat. These findings indicate that use of PEG could effectively reduce or prevent the cross-contamination compared to CG and provide important information concerning the consecutive transfer of L. monocytogenes during food processing.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.562-566
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• 2008

This study describes cross-contamination events that occur in animal food processing. We analyzed the number of Salmonella spp. contamination transferred from pork meat to workers' hands (wearing polyethylene gloves; PG, cotton gloves; CG, and bare hands), cutting boards and knives, and vice versa. Transfer rate of CG 38.80% was higher than that of PG 3.11% and bare hands 1.35%. In particular, when wearing CG, the transfer rate from the CG to bare hands with CG was 0.07%. Also, the range of transfer rates from the contaminated pork meat to cutting board and knife was 0.20-1.99%. In contrast, the transfer rates from the worker's hands (with PG/CG and bare hands) to cutting board, knife, and pork meat ranged from 0.0015-0.21%. There was a lower transfer rate from workers' hands than from pork meat. These findings indicate that the use of PG compared with CG could effectively reduce or prevent the cross-contamination and provide important information concerning the consecutive transfer of Salmonella spp. during food processing.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.97-105
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• 2011

This paper proposes a new "Live Book Service" that is combined the analog contents such as paper books and digital contents with various digital multimedia elements, and this service can project the additional digital multimedia contents on the analog paper. Also, we developed a monolithic stand type system which is composed of camera and pico projector, so that it can demonstrate the proposed contents. We also devised the low computational cost algorithm in bare-hands recognition which can be used as the interface between the system and users. In addition, to recognize the bare-hands which can be used as the interface between the digital and users, we make the low cost algorithm. Therefore this can be the interaction between the system and users. As a result, our proposed system can be used as a useful tool for various e-book or u-learning fields that requires high efficiency and much immersion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.966-976
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• 2017

This study investigated the effects of wearing latex gloves with inner gloves on the skin hydration of the hands. Fifteen young males participated in the following three conditions: bare hand (BH), latex glove (LG), and latex glove with inner glove condition (LGIG) at an air temperature of $28^{\circ}C$ with 50%RH. Subjects typed a book for 120 min. The results were as follows. Skin hydration was greater for LG and LGIG than BH (p<.001), but no difference was found between LG and LGIG. Skin hydration showed greater values on the thenar and dorsum compared to the palm for both LG and LGIG (p<.05). Skin hydration on the thenar increased during the typing for LG and LGIG, but on the dorsum, palm and finger maintained after 40 min typing. There were positive relationships between hand skin hydration and hand temperature (p<.05). Subjects indicated 'much warmer' and 'more humid' for the LG and LGIG compared to the BH (p<.001), but no differences were found between LG and LGIG. In conclusion, wearing inner gloves inside latex gloves did not induce a reduction of skin hydration and hand temperature; however, significant differences were found in all measurements between bare hands and gloved hands.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.618-632
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• 2010

This paper presents a novel approach to control the augmented reality (AR) objects robustly in a marker-less AR system by fingertip tracking and hand pattern recognition. It is known that one of the promising ways to develop a marker-less AR system is using human's body such as hand or face for replacing traditional fiducial markers. This paper introduces a real-time method to manipulate the overlaid virtual objects dynamically in a marker-less AR system using both hands with a single camera. The left bare hand is considered as a virtual marker in the marker-less AR system and the right hand is used as a hand mouse. To build the marker-less system, we utilize a skin-color model for hand shape detection and curvature-based fingertip detection from an input video image. Using the detected fingertips the camera pose are estimated to overlay virtual objects on the hand coordinate system. In order to manipulate the virtual objects rendered on the marker-less AR system dynamically, a vision-based hand control interface, which exploits the fingertip tracking for the movement of the objects and pattern matching for the hand command initiation, is developed. From the experiments, we can prove that the proposed and developed system can control the objects dynamically in a convenient fashion.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.532-535
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• 2004

Acute fulminating pulmonary edema was developed in 20 year old female following an acute airway obstruction due to a burglary attack on neck with bare hands. The pathogenesis of pulmonary edema is related to the alveolar and capillary damage induced by the severe negative pressure generated by attempting to inspire against the closed upper airway. This female responded to fluid restriction and oxygen supply. To our knowledge, pulmonary edema caused by man has never been reported in the literature.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.57
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• pp.263-299
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• 2014

This study aims to look into weapons names mentioned in "Unhae", a book of traditional martial arts annotated into Korean. Comprehensive conclusions drawn from this are as follow. First, the annotated martial arts book is compiled to the order of Muyejaebo of year 1598, Muyejaebobunyuksokjib(A annotated attachment to Mooyejebo) of year 1610, Moojesinbo of year 1759, and Muyedobotongji of year 1790. Second, in the martial arts book are a total of 24 weapons with 4 types of spears, swords, bare hands & poles, and horseback weapons. Weapon names of ?Unhae? taken into detailed analysis, spears are 5 types of Jangchang (long spears), Jukjangchang (long spears made of bamboo), Keechang (flagged spears), Dgangpa (skewered spears), and Nangseon (forked spears). Swords are 10 types of Ssangsoodo (two-handed swords), Yedo (pointed swords), Waegum (Japanese swords), Waegumkyojun (Japanese battle swords), Jedokgum (Admiral's swords), Bongukgum (native swords), Ssanggum (coupled swords), Woldo (moon swords), Hyupdo (narrow swords), Deungpae (swords made of rattan). Bare hands & poles are 3 types of Gwonbeop (fists), 7070 Gonbang (clubs), and Pyeon-gon (flailed clubs). Horseback weapons are 6 types of flagged spears, MasangSsanggum (coupled horseback spears), MasangWoldo (horseback moon swords), MasangPyeon-gon (horseback flailed clubs), Kyukgoo (striking poles), and Masangjae (horse postures). Third, spears of the martial arts book, "Unhae" had the function as long weapons and were used for military drills of the infantry. Swords had the function as short weapons, and were used for military drills of the infantry. Bare hands & poles had the function as short weapons and were used for military drills of the infantry. Horseback weapons composed of short and long weapons were used for military drills of the cavalry. In addition to these, Kyukgoo (striking poles), and Masangjae (horse postures) were martial arts to which entertaining elements were added. Fourth, the difference in its compiling is that Mooyejebo and A annotated attachment to Mooyejebo place both Chinese characters and Korean annotation in the context together with introduction of weapons while Moojedobo Tongji explains weapons in Chinese and compiles a separate copy of Korean annotation that explains mainly postures in each lineage of martial arts for soldiers to acquire practical skills.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.109-122
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• 2020

In recent, projection mapping, which has attracted high attention in the field of realistic media, is regarded as a technology to increase the users' immersion. However, most existing methods perform projection mapping on static objects. In this paper, we developed a technology to track the movements of users and dynamically map the media contents to the users' bodies. The projected media content is built by predefined gestures just using the user's bare hands without the special devices. An interactive immersive media system has been implemented by integrating these dynamic projection mapping technologies and gesture-based drawing technologies. The proposed realistic media system recognizes the movements and open / closed states of the user 's hands, selects the functions necessary to draw a picture. The users can freely draw the picture by changing the color of the brush using the colors of any real objects. In addition, the user's drawing is dynamically projected on the user's body, allowing the user to design and wear his t-shirt in real-time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2004.03b
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• pp.261-273
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• 2004

An in-hole seismic method has been developed to meet the requirement of economical testing cost and practicality in engineering practice to measure dynamic soil properties. The in-hole prove developed herein is small and light enough to be fit in three-inch boreholes and to be handled with bare hands. And author modified the existing equipment for the convenient purpose. In addition, the best damper suited to in-hole test was also developed. The performance of the source has been evaluated through extensive cross-hole tests and in-hole tests at various sites.