• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.349-360
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• 2020

The study aims to empirically examine the determinants of bank margins from Pakistan, an emerging South Asian economy. To elucidate the importance of the Pakistani banking sector, secondary data has been used, which was extracted from the annual accounts of twenty-four Pakistani scheduled commercial banks (20 conventional, four full-fledged Islamic) over a sample period of 2006 to 2017. The factors identified in the dealership model and the subsequent empirical developments in the dealership model categorized as bank-specific, diversification, regulatory, and industry concentration are analyzed by applying the most-common linear dynamic panel-data estimator, the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator, developed by Arellano and Bond (1991). The findings reveal that, among the bank-specific variables, funding cost, credit risk, managerial efficiency, market share, and operating cost are significant predictors of bank margins. For diversification variables employed in the study, both variables including net non-interest income and asset diversity are as well significant predictors of bank margins. It is also found that the market concentration variable proxied by the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) is significantly predicting bank margins. Subsequently, one of the regulatory variables, the opportunity cost of holding reserves, and one bank-specific variable, the degree of risk aversion, are insignificant in the model.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.41-54
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• 2020

In this paper, it will study various problems such as personal information infringement from when using various useful Apps in the Smartphone environment. It also researched the vulnerabilities Mobile Apps and the risks of personal information leakage when using Smartphone information to decrease threat and find solution. In the second chapter, it will check the existing Mobile App related Apps. In the third chapter, it will check the threats and major factors that caused by the leakage of personal information which related to the app. Then it will suggest solution and end with conclusion. This paper also looked at various problems that caused by illegal adverse effect from illegal personal information collection. Then it researched and made suggestion to make consideration on safety of personal information and privacy infringement that threat to personal information For safety of mobile banking, it proposed a safety method to separate and manage the code which has the core logic which required to run the App. For safety of direction App, when running the direction App, even if the information is collected, location information for unauthorized accessed will encrypt and store in DB, so that access to personal information is difficult. For delivery App environment, by using the national deliver order call center's representative phone to receive a telephone order then, the customer information is delivered to the branch office when it receive order and it will automatically delete information from the server when the delivery is completed by improving DB server of order. For the smart work app environment, the security solution operates automatically by separating and make independent private and work areas. Then it will suggest initialization for company's confidential business information and personal information to safe from danger even if loss.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.387-396
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to research the relationships among work-family culture, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention of employees in banking industry. In response to employees' need for work-family balance, employers have instituted a number of programs, such as assistant with child care and elder care, flex time, job sharing, shorter work weeks, and telecommuting were adopted. These areas of study are so important in modern organizations because of their influence on organizational success and on the personal lives of employees. To accomplish this study, it was determined that the analysis derived from a hypothesis and literature reviews and data collected from 254 employees in bank industry. The results of empirical analysis showed as follows. First, Perceived work-family culture has a significant effect on job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention. Second, Job satisfaction and organizational commitment have a significant effect on turnover intention. Based on these findings, the implications and limitations of the study were presented including some directions for future studies.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.259-264
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• 2021

SNS has recently reached the level of providing financial services to customers through a mobile payment system that goes beyond the existing payment system using Fintech, which is a fusion of financial industry and information technology. These mobile payment systems are increasing in scale as time goes by, and their functions are reaching the same level as general financial services. This study is an empirical study to examine what is the most important factor in Internet banking by targeting users who use WeChat Pay among Chinese Internet bank users with the highest Fintech Adoption rate. SNS has recently reached the level of providing financial services to customers through a mobile payment system that goes beyond the existing payment system using Fintech, which is a fusion of financial industry and information technology. As a results, 2 factors positive influence on Acceptance intention and Customer satisfaction. These mobile payment systems are increasing in scale as time goes by, and their functions are reaching the same level as general financial services.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.196-209
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• 2018

This study is founded on banks' profitability factors. Unlike the previous study in terms of diversification of the banks' funding structure, this research performs multiple regression analysis during the entire period and examines the comparative analysis of before and after the financial crisis. the study establishes hypotheses by using the wholesale funding ratio as a key focus variable with 8 explanatory variables and the operating profit on assets as a profitability index. The Loan-deposit rate gap, the Number of stores and the Non-performing loan ratio prove to be a significant profitability factor for all periods of time. Korean banks are also more profitable when their the Loan-deposit rate gap get bigger and the Number of stores grows. The wholesale funding ratio is analyzed to have no statistically significant effect on the profitability of banks. Rather than being influenced by macroeconomic indicators, it is indicated that the situation of individual banks and other financial environments have been affected. And banks increase profitability as banks increase their loan after the financial crisis. The empirical analysis shows that profitability factors have periodical distinctions, and in this aspect, this research has implications. The study needs to be expanded to cover the entire domestic banking sector, in consideration of the profitability of the banking industry in the future.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.7
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• pp.21-51
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• 2001

For increasing the competitiveness and efficiency of Korea's finance industry under the new e-finance paradigm, this paper compared the practical use of finance portal site' on service parts and stage between Korea and U.S.A.. The services which can be served from site are banking, mortgage and credit loan, stock, card, retirement tax, PFM(Personal Finance Management), EBPP(Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment) and Account Aggregation and so on. The stage of site can be divided as the information provide stage which only gives information about service parts, on-line transaction stage which real-time transaction is possibile and PFM services provide stage according to development process. As a result, the beginning of finance portal service in Korea was lated about 10years and more than it of U.S.A. So the development stage of domestic portal site is still staying in the first step and the providing services and contents or business model development parts are also in the same stage than U.S.A. Resides, Korea's sites mainly focus on their first service parts even though they recently aim internet finance portal, and provide not real time transaction but finance information. On the other hand, the U.S.A. site support substantially not only various on-line transactions but also distinctive personal services like PFM(Personal Finance Management), EBPP(Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment), Account Aggregation and Trans-account, brokerage, education center, mortgage loan, mutual fund, option, pension fund and IPOs and so on. Thus, the site of Korea need to establish real type of internet finance portal which provides one-stop services on every type of finance to customers in the real time and also require the strategic integration among finance institutions. The next turn, they need to build information system and education center to give best satisfaction to customers and acquire customer information and marker environment changes and need to provide distinctive services to quality customers throughout database from this. Also the site should provide various type of banking services which refereed above like PEM, EBPP and education center etc, and the government of Korea should support the building of IT infrastructure to Physical, legal, systematic, sociocultural, technical and human resource sections. This paper provided the future movement direction of the domestic finance portal through comparison and analysis on the practical use of it between Korea and U.S.A. and also wanted to contribute for developing and reading of Korea finance portal in the new era of the finance paradigm.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.229-255
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• 2005

The Korea Development Bank promoted a total outsourcing for IT operation in 1999 for the first time in the banking industry. The Korea Development Bank became the center of public attention because the most banks were unwilling to take an outsourcing with external sources for the reason of financial operation accidents, securities, and threats of strikes. After the introduction of the total IT outsourcing, the Korea Development Bank has continuously diagnosed the problems of the IT outsourcing and adopted various proper complements for the enhancement of the IT outsourcing. As the result of the enhancement, the IT outsourcing of the Korea Development Bank marched into the joint liability operation period after going through the outsourcing operation period and the co-operation period. The joint liability operation which is the most leading outsourcing system which is adopted by the Korea Development Bank for the first time in the banking industry. Through the joint liability operation, the Korea Development Bank could accept the most up-to-date IT, concentrate internal manpower on the core capability, and secure flexibility of manpower. Also, the bank changed the relationship between the bank and the external sources from the one-sided relationship between a producers and a consumer to the joint liability relationship on which both sides are responsible for the operation, and could integrate the internal capacity with the professional know-how of the external IT outsourcing company. In this paper, we testified the soundness and validity for the worries of banks about the total IT outsourcing with external sources. And, we arranged the advantages and outcomes of the total IT outsourcing with external sources compared to the IT outsourcing with internal sources. Moreover, we expect that we can improve the closed financial IT outsourcing industry structure and raise the world competitive power of domestic IT outsourcing companies by correcting wrong ideas on the IT outsourcing with external sources.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 2002.01a
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• pp.86-106
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• 2002

Informatization is a process that corporation's external environmental factors and internal environmental factors influence as complex. is a phenomenon that appears via this process. To evaluate that informatization was propeled well or informatization level is high can be dangerous work extremely by only once-over-lightly some factors, organization information ability is superior or infrastructure is constructed well. Therefore, an evaluation for industrial information systems that consider corporation's external environment and internal environment configurationally and objective estimation through this is required in national dimension. This research sorted types of business using types of business classification of 2001 EIII(Evaluation Indices of Industrial Informatization) laying stress on corporation's product and product production process for reflecting various industrial classification. And we are dividing whole our country corporations by manufacture industry, the construction industry, distribution industry, service industry, banking industry 5 types of business. To see such classed types industry classification from consistent viewpoint, we saw them within new framework, purchase, operation, physical distribution, marketing and sale. service etc. laying stress on primary businesses except support businesses of planning, financial management etc. To draw special quality of business center from primary business of each types of business, we draw industry classification Key Capability that centers when plans corporation's corporate strategy and information strategy. And we deducted industrial classification key production business connected with industry classification Key Capability. After drawing an evaluation items for industrial information systems in informatization analysis viewpoint laying stress on drawn businesses. Finally we did Case Study by making out an evaluation for industrial information systems questionnaire that considers special quality of manufacturing industry. Through EIII that consider the industrial classification, we could know that it explains the corporation's purchase, production, distribution in general and detail.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.113-153
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• 2009

Financial conglomerates combine banking, securities, insurance and other financial services within a single economic entity. In this paper we analyze the effect of financial conglomeration on the default risk of financial companies in the Korean financial industry. We use two risk measures based on individual company level as proxies of the default risk, one is Z-index proposed by Altman(1968) and the other is the weighted capital adequacy ratio. We find that financial conglomeration has a negative effect on the default risk of financial companies. The asset size and diversity level of financial conglomerates, however, are negatively correlated with the default risk of financial companies. These results mean that in the Korean financial industry, even though the economy of scale and scope does exist, financial conglomeration does not translate into lower risk of financial companies composing financial conglomerates.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.247-258
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• 2019

The paper aims to examine the factors affecting brand and student decision in buying fresh milk. Combining qualitative and quantitative research methods, this study used self-completed questionnaires to investigate 520 students in Ho Chi Minh City. The results of the study show that that there are five key determinants affecting the dairy brand and student decision in buying fresh milk, including: (1) product quality, (2) fair price, (3) product promotion and customer services, (4) product convenience, and (5) reference group's attitude to the brand. In addition, it is also found that product brand has a direct and positive impact on the student decision. The finding in this study is quite different from other existing literatures in terms of the importance level of the determinants of the student decision in buying fresh milk; specifically, in deciding to buy their fresh milk, students are often interested in the promotion and customer service, the product convenience, and the reference group for the purchase, more than in the quality and price of the product. From these findings, some managerial implications are proposed for policy-makers and relevant enterprises to have appropriate policies and strategies for their business development.