• 천문학회보
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.155.1-155.1
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• 2011

The Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) and the Department of Astronomy at the University of Texas at Austin (UT) are developing a near infrared wide-band high resolution spectrograph, IGRINS (Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrograph). The white-pupil design of the instrument optics uses 7 cryogenic mirrors including 3 aspherical off-axis collimators and 4 flat fold mirrors. Two of the 3 collimators are H- and K-band pupil transfer mirrors and they are designed as compensators for the system alignment in each channel. Therefore, their mount design will be one of the most sensitive parts in the IGRINS optomechanical system. The other flat fold mirrors are designed within the limited area. Each of those includes the features of 3 axial hard points and 2 radial hard points with one spring plunger in order for the proper deflection of the mirror. The design work will include the computer-aided 3D modeling and finite element analysis (FEA) to optimize the structural stability and the thermal behavior of the mount models. The mount body will also include a tip-tilt and translation adjustment mechanism to be used as the alignment compensators.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2016

We analyzed the interface characteristics of Zn-based thin-film buffer layers formed by a sulfur thermal cracker on a $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ (CIGS) light-absorber layer. The analyzed Zn-based thin-film buffer layers are processed by a proposed method comprising two processes - Zn-sputtering and cracker-sulfurization. The processed buffer layers are then suitable to be used in the fabrication of highly efficient CIGS solar cells. Among the various Zn-based film thicknesses, an 8 nm-thick Zn-based film shows the highest power conversion efficiency for a solar cell. The band alignment of the buffer/CIGS was investigated by measuring the band-gap energies and valence band levels across the depth direction. The conduction band difference between the near surface and interface in the buffer layer enables an efficient electron transport across the junction. We found the origin of the energy band structure by observing the chemical states. The fabricated buffer/CIGS layers have a structurally and chemically distinct interface with little elemental inter-diffusion.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.277-277
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• 2012

PCDTBT (Poly[N-9''-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)]) is an attractive material as a semiconducting polymer for organic thin film transistor (OTFT) and organic solar cell (OSC). High power conversion efficiency (~6%) under simulated AM 1.5G solar illumination of bulk-heterojunction solar cell with PCDTBT and [6,6]-phenyl C60 butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) blend was reported. In OSC, it is known that the band alignment at the interface between donor and acceptor is critical. Therefore, we studied the interfacial electronic structures of PCDTBT and PC61BM. The polymers are deposited by electro-spray on gold and In-situ x-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements revealed the interfacial electronic structures. We obtained the energy level alignment between two materials and the different interface formation was observed with different deposition order.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2018

$TiO_2/CuS$ nanocomposites were fabricated by precipitation of nanosized CuS via sonochemical method on electrospun $TiO_2$ nanofibers, and their structure, chemical bonding states, optical properties, and photocatalytic activity were investigated. In the $TiO_2/CuS$ nanocomposite, the position of the conduction band for CuS was at a more negative than that of TiO; meanwhile, the position of the valence band for CuS was more positive than those for TiO, indicating a heterojunction structure belonging to type-II band alignment. Photocatalytic activity, measured by decomposition of methylene blue under visible-light irradiation (${\lambda}$ > 400 nm) for the $TiO_2/CuS$ nanocomposite, showed a value of 85.94% at 653 nm, which represented an improvement of 52% compared to that for single $TiO_2$ nanofiber (44.97% at 653 nm). Consequently, the photocatalyst with $TiO_2/CuS$ nanocomposite had excellent photocatalytic activity for methylene blue under visible-light irradiation, which could be explained by the formation of a heterojunction structure and improvement of the surface reaction by increase in surface area.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1960-1968
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• 2020

Background: The alignment of the neck and shoulder is important in people with forward head posture. However, previous studies have mainly conducted fragmentary studies on the neck and shoulders, and studies on the combined movement of the neck and shoulders are incomplete. Objective: To investigate the effects of 6 week dynamic exercise program using Thera-band on craniovertebral angle (CVA) in adults with forward head posture. Design: Quasi-experimental study. Methods: The study was conducted on 24 adults with forward head posture and experimented with neck and shoulder exercises and divided them into groups of neck exercises, shoulder exercises, and neck and shoulder exercises to measure CVA values before and after the experiment. The neck exercise program included flexion and extension muscles of the neck and shoulder exercises included dynamic exercise of the upper extremities such as the trapezius muscles and serratus anterior muscle. The CVA results were measured using PA200. Results: Following the interventions, neck exercise group showed significant improvement in CVA (P<.05), but shoulder exercise group and combined exercise group did not show any significant results (P>.05). However, both groups showed some positive results. Significant differences were seen in the comparisons between the three groups (P<.05), and the results of the post-hoc test showed significant differences in neck exercise group and shoulder exercise, neck exercise and combine exercise group. Conclusion: This study suggested that the Thera-band neck exercise is beneficial for foward head posture patients and is expected to be used in clinical trials.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.665-670
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• 2020

CIGS 박막 태양 전지의 버퍼층은 흡수층과 윈도우층 사이의 밴드정렬(band alignment)을 통해 에너지 변환 효율을 향상시킨다. ZnS는 무독성의 II-VI 반도체 화합물로서 직접천이형 광대역 밴드갭과 n형 전도성을 가지며, 높은 광투과성, 높은 굴절률 등의 우수한 전기적, 광학적 특성을 가지고 있고, 우수한 격자정합을 가지는 물질이다. 이 연구에서, RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링 방법에 의해 증착 후 급속 열처리에 의해 제작된 ZnS 버퍼층 박막의 구조적, 광학적 특성의 상관관계에 대해 고찰하였다. (111), (220), (311) 면의 섬아연광 입방정 구조를 확인할 수 있고, 상대적으로 저온에서 급속열처리를 수행한 시료에서는 (002) 면의 우르쯔광 육방정 구조가 함께 나타나는 다결정이 되었다. 고온에서 급속열처리 수행한 시료에서는 섬아연광 입방정 구조의 단결정으로 상전이 된다. 화학적 성분 분석을 통해서 Zn/S의 비율이 화학양론에 근접한 시료에서 섬아연광 입방정 구조의 단결정이 나타났음을 확인하였다 급속열처리 온도가 증가할수록 흡수단이 다소간 단파장 쪽으로 이동되고, 가시광 파장 범위에서 평균 광투과율이 증가하는 경향성을 보이며 500℃ 조건에서는 80.40%로 향상되었다.

• 폴리머
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.337-341
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• 2011

수직배향 액정디스플레이의 시야각 향상을 위한 광대역 보상필름을 개발하였다. 상용화된 수직배향 액정디스플레이는 측면 시야각을 보상하는 위상차 필름을 필요로 한다. 일반적으로 triacetylcellulose(TAC)에 광학첨가제를 첨가한 후 제막연신을 통하여 수직배향 액정디스플레이용 위상차 필름을 제작하는데, 첨가되는 광학첨가제의 화학구조에 따라 필름의 위상차와 파장분산 특성이 달라진다. 본 연구에서는 첨가제에 따른 분극률 이방성을 양자역학적으로 계산하고 선택된 중심 이성질체에 사이드 그룹을 치환시켜 파장별 분극률 이방성을 또한 계산하였다. 특히, 치환기가 methoxy와 proplonate인 경우에 치환위치와 숫자에 따른 파장별 분극률 이방성을 비교하였다. 2개의 propionate 그룹이 meta위치에 있을 경우가 파장분산 특성이 가장 완만한 것을 양자역학적 계산을 통하여 예측하였으며 이를 실험을 통해 증명하였다. 파장분산 특성이 완만하다는 것은 LCD 시야각 특성이 광원의 파장에 따라 덜 변한다는 의미이며, 현재 수준보다 우수한 화질을 구현할 수 있다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2019

물의 색깔 즉, 수색(水色)을 분석하면 그 물이 함유하고 있는 유색 구성물질의 분포 및 농도를 비파괴적으로 추정할 수 있다. 이러한 분석을 위해 분광복사계를 사용하는데, 최근 드론, 자율운행차, 헬리카이트 등의 저고도 무인 플랫폼에 장착하기 위한 경량 다분광 카메라에 대한 수요가 높아지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 최근 활용 용이성으로 인해 지역적 환경 변화를 모니터링함에 있어 그 활용도가 높아진 Micasense사의 Rededge-M 다분광 카메라의 전처리를 수행하고, 수색관측에의 활용성을 검증하기 위한 분석을 수행하였다. 우선, 영상 형태로 생성되는 자료에서의 Vignette 보정 및 밴드 정렬을 수행하였고, 수색관측을 위해 필요한 하늘, 물, 태양광을 측정한 복사량 그리고 그로부터 최종적으로 도출되는 원격탐사 반사도 관측치를 독립적인 초분광 센서의 관측값과 비교하여 분석하였다. 실험 결과, 전처리 과정을 수행하였을 시, 청색밴드(475 nm)와 근적외선 밴드(840 nm)에서 주목할 만한 차이가 있었지만, Rededge-M은 전반적으로 수색 분석을 위한 기본적인 광학적 성능을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.196.2-196.2
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• 2015

There are various issues fabricating the successful and efficient solar cell structures. One of the most important issues is band alignment technique. The solar cells make the carrier in their active region over the p-n junction. Then, electrons and holes diffuse by minority carrier diffusion length. After they reach the edge of solar cells, there exist large energy barrier unless the good electrode are chosen. Many various conductor with different work functions can be selected to solve this energy barrier problem to efficiently extract carriers. Tungsten oxide has large band gap known as approximately 3.4 eV, and usually this material shows n-type property with reported work function of 6.65 eV. They are extremely high work function and trap level by oxygen vacancy cause them to become the hole extraction layer for optical devices like solar cells. In this study, we deposited tungsten oxide thin films by sputtering technique with various sputtering conditions. Their electrical contact properties were characterized with transmission line model pattern. The structure of tungsten oxide thin films were measured by x-ray diffraction. With x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the content of oxygen was investigated, and their defect states were examined by spectroscopic ellipsometry, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and photoluminescence measurements.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.3697-3702
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• 2010

We demonstrate that vertically aligned carbon nanotubes can be synthesized directly on tantalum substrate via water-assisted chemical vapor deposition and evaluate their properties as electrochemical capacitors. The mean diameter of the carbon nanotubes was $7.1{\pm}1.5\;nm$, and 70% of them had double walls. The intensity ratio of G-band to D-band in Raman spectra was as high as 5, indicating good quality of the carbon nanotubes. Owing to the alignment and low equivalent series resistance, the carbon nanotube based supercapacitors showed good rate performance. Rectangular shape of cyclic voltammogram was maintained even at the scan rate of > 1 V/s in 1 M sulfuric acid aqueous solution. Specific capacitance was well-retained (~94%) even when the discharging current density dramatically increased up to 145 A/g. Consequently, specific power as high as 60 kW/kg was obtained from as-grown carbon nanotubes in aqueous solution. Maximum specific energy of ~20 Wh/kg was obtained when carbon nanotubes were electrochemically oxidized and operated in organic solution. Demonstration of direct synthesis of carbon nanotubes on tantalum current collectors and their applications as supercapacitors could be an invaluable basis for fabrication of high performance carbon nanotube supercapacitors.