• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2011

Recently environmental regulations like the Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997, required the reduction of the greenhouse gas of 5.2% up to 1990's emissions and 13th General Assembly in 2007, held in Bali of India, have agreed to duty reduction even in developing countries in 2013. Korean government needs research on climate change and greenhouse gas management, such as carbon emissions calculation system and the introduction of greenhouse gas reduction program. Using Top-Down approach with method of IPCC, greenhouse gas emissions from energy, transportation, agriculture, land use and forest, and waste was calculated. Total amount from Shiheung-City in 2007 was about 3,299.581 tons of greenhouse gas $CO_2$. By sectors, the total greenhouse gas emissions in the energy sector mostly accounted for 78 percent, 12 percent from transportation, 6 percent of waste, the landuse/forest sector, 4% of the greenhouse gas emissions. Approximately 5,401,618 tons of the greenhouse gas $CO_2$ was total amount from Ansan-City in 2007. The share of energy sector greenhouse gas emissions was the highest portion of 79 % and 14 percent of transportation, 4% from the waste sector, 3 % from landuse/forest sector.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.123-134
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• 2012

Recently, The Bali Road Map was approved, as it demands that developing countries should also have the responsibility of greenhouse gas reduction from 2013. This suggests that the greenhouse gas and environment should be controlled across industry sectors. Accordingly, this study was conducted to identify the application and effects of the IT convergence technology to the smart farm and realize the low-carbon green industry in Korea. The smart farm technologies within and outside of Korea were comparatively analyzed for the low-carbon green industry policy. The study subjects were determined to propose the necessity of the study efficiently. First, the studies on the smart farm for low-carbon green industry policy were examined. Second, the suitable IT technology for the smart farm as well as the effect and the improvement plan of the IT technology-based smart farm system were examined. This study now aims to promote the low-carbon green industry policy and IT convergence technology and job creation. These will be achieved by providing the plan for linking the system simulator organization with the low-carbon green industry policy.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.590-595
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• 2008

A new adaptive TMS variable area flow meter that is used to the environment measuring equipment is proposed. This system is consist of a ball moving within the tube line which corresponds to gas flow and photo sensor array which monitoring the movement of ball. This system can monitoring the position of bali in case of the very few gas flow in various levels. And it can automatically adjust the gas flow at the highest and the lowest level to prevent the tube line blockage.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2019

Neuropathic pain is a complex chronic pain state caused by the dysfunction of somatosensory nervous system, and it affects the millions of people worldwide. At present, there are very few medical treatments available for neuropathic pain management and the intolerable side effects of medications may further worsen the symptoms. Despite the presence of profound knowledge that delineates the pathophysiology and mechanisms leading to neuropathic pain, the unmet clinical needs demand more research in this field that would ultimately assist to ameliorate the pain conditions. Efforts are being made globally to explore and understand the basic molecular mechanisms responsible for somatosensory dysfunction in preclinical pain models. The present review highlights some of the novel molecular targets like D-amino acid oxidase, endoplasmic reticulum stress receptors, sigma receptors, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels, histone deacetylase, $Wnt/{\beta}-catenin$ and Wnt/Ryk, ephrins and Eph receptor tyrosine kinase, Cdh-1 and mitochondrial ATPase that are implicated in the induction of neuropathic pain. Studies conducted on the different animal models and observed results have been summarized with an aim to facilitate the efforts made in the drug discovery. The diligent analysis and exploitation of these targets may help in the identification of some promising therapies that can better manage neuropathic pain and improve the health of patients.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1181-1188
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• 2021

This research aims to analyze transglobal leadership which has an impact on bank sustainability with militancy and organizational culture variables as mediating variables. In addition, to evaluate militancy, cultural organizations exist to encourage bank sustainability. This is an explanatory research conducted using a quantitative approach in the form of a survey. The population of this study includes all Heads of Regional Offices and Head of Branch Offices of PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia is spread across Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Bali and Jayapura. This study uses a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability and secondary data. Quantitative data analysis was performed in the form of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis based on Partial Least Square (PLS) to answer the research hypothesis. The results show a significant and positive relationship between transglobal and militancy leadership, transglobal leadership with innovation culture, militancy with innovation culture, militancy with bank sustainability and innovation culture with bank sustainability. The novelty of this research lies in the use of militancy and innovation culture as intervening variables in the correlation between transglobal leadership and bank sustainability. The militancy variable is the new variable to be checked.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1031-1040
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• 2021

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of job enrichment and empowerment on organizational commitment. In addition, the role of work motivation and job satisfaction in mediating the influence of job enrichment and employee empowerment on organizational commitment has also been examined in this study. The sample population consists of all the employees in the regional office of DJKN Bali and Nusa Tenggara, who hold executive positions and have served the office for ≥ 4 years. This study adopts the second-order Partial Least Square (PLS) model and the Smart PLS Version 3.0 program which is used as the analysis tool. The results revealed that: job enrichment has a significant influence on organizational commitment; employee empowerment has an insignificant influence on organizational commitment; work motivation and job satisfaction partially mediate the influence of job enrichment on organizational commitment; work motivation and job satisfaction fully mediate the influence of employee empowerment on organizational commitment. The findings can be used as organizational considerations in developing policies related to job enrichment and employee empowerment, which is expected to motivate and provide satisfaction for employees and improve their organizational commitment.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.237-249
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• 2021

Indonesia has successfully increased its ranking to 40th place in the 2019 Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index. While tourism has become the country's second largest foreign exchange contributor, there is no existing competitive advantage model for Indonesian tourist destinations. The purpose and novelty of this study is to develop and formulate a competitive advantage model for Indonesia's tourism industry. The model will be based on the supply-side perception analysis of competitiveness indicators from Bali and five designated super-priority destinations in Indonesia. This model is expected to become a guideline for policymakers to design an effective and focused strategy. Data were obtained from in-depth interviews with, and questionnaires given to, 62 qualified industry players from the public and private sectors. This data-driven approach builds a relationship between competitiveness indicators and competitive advantages using a combination of importance-performance analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, thereby leveraging these advantages to generate a strategic model to compete in the international tourism industry. This would also be the first study to use this method in defining the competitive advantage of a destination. Using structural equation modeling, the study found that there are 54 indicators representing twelve dimensions of competitive advantages with good fit criteria.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.827-839
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• 2021

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of trust, awareness, attitude, subjective norms, and behavioural control on intention and examine the mediating role of trust in the relationship between awareness and attitude. The population was Muslims in Bali Province, with a sample of 150 respondents. Quantitative analysis is used based on multivariate analysis using the SEM model with a variance-based PLS. The results are as follows: (1) knowledge has a significant positive effect on attitude. (2) Awareness has no significant effect on attitude. (3) Awareness has a significant positive effect on trust. (4) Trust has a significant positive effect on attitude. (5) Attitude has no significant effect on intention. (6) Subjective norm has a significant positive effect on intention. (7) Behaviour control has a significant positive effect on intention. (8) The role of trust is a conscious mediation that impacts attitude. The study provides insight into Islamic bank managers to meet prospective customers' expectations and identify their intention to become customers through managing trust, awareness, attitude, subjective norms, behavioural control, and intention in one unified whole as internal resource. This study enriches empirical evidence on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, which examines knowledge, awareness, and belief.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.563-570
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• 2021

The importance of cooperative financial management is expected to be able to encourage the needs of the community especially towards the supervision of cooperatives and human resources. The study was conducted aiming to determine the effect of human resources, financial attitudes, and coordination on cooperative financial management. Research with quantitative methods. The study was conducted with multiple regression methods, while the sampling technique was based on a random sample of samples with the data collection method using a survey method in the form of a questionnaire that was measured with a Likert scale. The method of determining the research sample is done by calculating the Slovin formula, determining the research sample of 166 cooperatives in Buleleng Regency, Bali Province. The results of the research prove that partial human resources have a significant positive effect on cooperative financial management, financial attitude variables have a significant positive effect on cooperative financial management and coordination variables have a significant positive effect on cooperative financial management. The results of this study can be stated that the better the financial management of cooperatives, better will be the impact on cooperative growth so that the need for more competent resources in cooperative management.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1111-1124
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• 2021

This research aims to investigate The Role of Calling and Membership as Mediation on the Influence of Spiritual Leadership against Organizational Commitment and its Effect on the Performance of Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD). This study has outlined organizational commitment as a construct thought to be theoretically strategic to empower organizations through calling and membership. The research was conducted upon LPDs in Bali. Inferential analysis techniques have been used to test the empirical model and the hypotheses proposed in this study. The analysis technique used is the structural equation model (SEM) based on variance or component, called Partial Least Square (PLS). The significant findings of this research are, first, spiritual leadership has a positive and significant effect on calling; second, calling has a positive and significant impact on organizational commitment; and third, calling has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. Several studies have been conducted to estimate the mediating role of calling in explaining the relationship of spiritual leadership with organizational commitment. The results of the study by Bodla and Ali (2012) and Bodla et al. (2013) state that spiritual leadership, which consists of vision and altruistic love, has a positive and significant influence on organizational commitment. Likewise, spiritual leadership has a positive and significant effect on calling.