• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-81
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• 2023

This paper examines how Korean economy has been asymmetrically changed after economics crises. The three crises during the last three decades, covid19, global financial crisis, and currency crisis, have deteriorated the economic inequalities of Korea in various ways. First, manufacture industry has been affected larger by economic crises, but recovered fast. The shocks in service sector were small but persist longer or were permanent. Second, although the covid19 spreaded out more to the capital area, the negative economic shock was greater in the non-capital region. That is, the crisis in the capital region transferred or amplified to the other region. Third, the inequality between permanent and temporary workers became worse after crises. Fourth, the sluggish small business growth problem became more serious during the covid19. In order to overcome the industrial and labor inequality, it is desirable to government strategy for economic development from focusing on high value-added industry to a balanced growth for all industry and region. To this end, governemt support should be asymmetric. That is, it should focus on indirect support such as regulatory reforms in the high value-added and private-led industries, and, for small business related service sector and non-capital region which have had limited opportunity of renovation and growth, the more active effort of government and government-driven gowth strategy would be desirable.

• Clean Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.258-264
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• 2009

Thermodynamic measurements were performed to show the possibility of recovering $CO_2$ from fuel gas (the mixture of $CO_2$ and $H_2$) by forming gas hydrates with water where water was dispersed in the pores of silica gel particles having nominal 100 nm of pore diameter. The hydrate-phase equilibria for the ternary $CO_2+H_2$+water in pores were measured and $CO_2$ concentrations in vapor and hydrate phase were determined under the hydrate-vapor two phase region at constant 274.15 K. It was shown that the inhibition effect appeared due to silica gel pores, and the corresponding equilibrium dissociation pressures became higher than those of bulk water hydrates at a specific temperature. In addition, direct measurement of $CO_2$ content in the hydrate phase showed that the retrieved gas from the dissociation of hydrate contained more than 95 mol% of $CO_2$ when 42 mol% of $CO_2$ and balanced Hz mixture was applied. Compared with data obtained in case of bulk water hydrates, which showed just 83 mol% of $CO_2$ where 2-stage hydrate slurry reactor was intended to utilize this property, the hydrate formation in porous silica gel has enhanced the feasibility of $CO_2$ separation process. Hydrate formation as not for slurry but solid particle makes it possible to used fixed bed reactor, and can be a merit of well-understood technologies in the industrial field.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.47-63
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• 2023

In this study, we analyzed the PCK components in the materials units of the third and fourth grades of the Korean government-authorized teacher's guides for elementary school, developed in the 2015 revised national curriculum. The results showed that the PCK components were presented in a relatively balanced manner compared to the teacher's guides for middle school. Knowledge of the subject matter accounted for the highest proportion, and knowledge of instructional strategies in science accounted for a higher proportion than knowledge of the science curriculum. The knowledge of assessment in science showed the greatest deviation among publishers, and knowledge of students tended to show the lowest. By subcomponents, experiments and inquiries had a higher proportion than concepts and theories. The ratio of horizontal articulation was lower than that of vertical articulation or lesson objectives, and lesson objectives were presented in various ways, such as in core competencies and achievement standards for science. As questioning was emphasized, teaching strategies and questioning appeared at a similar rate. Motivation and interest, misconceptions were linked to teaching strategies and questioning. In some cases, assessment items and assessment criteria were presented at each level, and various PCK components were linked to these two components. Components with relatively large differences among publishers were supplementary or in-depth concepts, inquiry in textbooks, instruction sequence and method, subject-specific strategies, and assessment items. From the results, the implications for the development of teacher's guides were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.171-190
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• 2022

This study aims to examine the current status of managing elementary school libraries in Busan and suggest the ways to improve it with the viewpoint of 'the five laws of library science'. The scope of study was set as the elementary school libraries in Busan, and the operation status of 304 elementary school libraries was analyzed. And for in-depth investigation, D elementary school library was examined as a case. The operation status of elementary school libraries in Busan was analyzed with the analysis elements; existence of school library, placement of teacher librarian, library collection, annual use, budget, and library seats for 6 years from 2016 to 2021. As a result, especially the placement rate of full-time teacher librarians was only 10.5%, indicating that the problem of manpower shortage was serious. As case study, the current state of managing D elementary school library was deeply investigated with perspectives of the first law and the third law of library science among Ranganathan's five laws of library science. With the first law, the investigation was divided into the aspects of open-shelf system, library location, library hours, furniture, and staff. With the third law, the investigation was done as the aspects of shelf arrangement, catalog, extended service, book selection. Especially, books with more than 50 copies for the program of reading one book each semester accounted for 4.8% of the total collection, showing the problem of unbalanced collection. As the result of this study, 'expanding the placement of teacher librarians', 'making better reading environment through remodeling', and 'balanced collection development' were suggested as the ways of developing school libraries.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2015

As childhood obesity and nutrition imbalance emerge as social issues in South Korea today, the development of education materials on diets and nutrition has become important and has been attempted in diverse ways. The present study was conducted on early elementary school students with the objective of establishing directions for the design of personalized nutrition education materials that can promote a proper, balanced diet for children through application in daily life of knowledge acquired from self-learning linked to nutrition education that is taking place in their schools. For this purpose, a review of previous theoretical literature on nutrition education for early elementary students was performed. Survey questions were formulated based on the advice of field experts in medicine, education, and design and the survey was conducted among 110 children from 1st and 2nd grade in two elementary schools, one in Seoul and the other in Changwon. The results obtained from the user evaluation suggested that the early elementary school students showed positive reaction to nutrition education, had preference for the type of learning using multimedia-based contents and quiz activities, were willing to learn about calorie-adjusted meals, preferred the Gothic typeface and orange and green colors. Furthermore, they showed positive opinion on the use of numerical surveying method and pictorial style similar to actual appearance in connection with nutrition-related information representation. and preferences regarding learning styles and design elements

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.75-97
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• 2021

This study was conducted to derive a society and education system model that will improve the happiness and sustainability of human society. An ideological model for making human society a happy society was derived, and a society and education system structure and operation model based on this was presented. A fair society, a justice society, a mutually considerate society, and a society where individuals are happy are the conditions for a sustainable society. After analyzing the current situation of freedom and equality pursued by capitalism and democracy, which are currently adopted by most societies, an improvement model was derived from the perspective of a sustainable society. The cost of freedom and equality were analyzed and a new alternative system was discussed. The social solidarity and class mobility issues were discussed together and servicism was derived as an alternative solution. It is a system in which two opposing opponents of individual freedom and social norms form a symmetrical balance, and material and spiritual values are balanced. Servicism is a dynamic balance model. That is, the dimensions of time and space are involved. It is a model that maintains a thorough balance through a dialectical process as time and space change, and one value can dominate the other at a specific time or space. The service-oriented society and education system is a system that simultaneously pursues the goals of individual happiness and sustainable development of the social community.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.69-94
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• 2023

This study analyzes the system and operational status of regional documentation programs conducted by local governments and aims to propose considerations for the sustainability of regional documentation programs. With the government's balanced national development policy, the city or culture departments of local governments promoted regional documentation programs as part of their urban and cultural policies. Each local government enacted landscape ordinances and the ordinances concerning the establishment and operation of urban historical and cultural archives and promoted urban regeneration projects. Based on this, local governments performed urban landscape documentation, urban historical and cultural archives, and urban regeneration project documentation. Consequently, this study compared and analyzed ordinance enactment, budget, acquisition, management, and utilization of records for a total of 55 cases. The study has found that legislation is an essential factor in the sustainability of local governments' regional documentation programs. In addition, it suggested that regional documentation programs should evaluate the performance of programs, ensure residents' participation, and create digital archives to secure the budget continuously. This study is significant because it evaluates the overall regional documentation cases of local government city or culture departments as part of the city or culture policy rather than a specific region or case and presents more objective and general considerations for sustainability

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.509-522
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• 2023

Objectives: This study is intended to develop a curriculum for kindergarten food and nutrition education aimed at preschool children, reflecting government policy and meeting the demands of preschool settings. Methods: Existing educational materials were analyzed, and key elements of the 2019 Revised Nuri Curriculum ("Nuri Curriculum") and Guidelines for Nutrition and Food Education in Kindergartens, Elementary, Middle, and High Schools ("Guidelines") were examined as foundational information for developing the curriculum for food and nutrition education. Results: Basing ourselves on the five domains of the Nuri Curriculum, "Physical Activity and Health," "Communication," "Social Relationships," "Art Experience," and "Natural Science Inquiry," we integrated three areas from the Guidelines, namely "Dietary Habits and Health," "Dietary Habits and Safety," and "Dietary Habits and Culture," to structure the curriculum for kindergarten food and nutrition education. Three specific domains, "Nutrition and Health," "Food and Culture," and "Safe Dietary Practices," were tailored for preschool children, each comprising core concepts, content elements, and educational materials. In the "Nutrition and Health" domain, core concepts such as "nutrition" were addressed through content elements such as "balanced eating" and "vegetables and fruit," while "health" included elements such as "eating regularly" and "nutrients for disease prevention," each with two educational content components. The "Food and Culture" domain focused on "food" with content on "local foods (vegetable-garden experience)" and "food culture" with content on "our dining table (rice and side dishes)," "our agricultural products," "global cuisine (multiculture)," and "considerate dietary practices," each with four educational content components. The "Safe Dietary Practices" domain included core concepts such as "hygiene" with content on "hand-washing habits" and "food poisoning management," and "safety" with content on "food labeling." Conclusions: The systematized curriculum for kindergarten food and nutrition education aligns with the Nuri Curriculum and is interconnected with the Guidelines. This curriculum can be used as foundational material for developing educational resources tailored to the characteristics of preschoolers, contributing to effective implementation in early childhood education.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.165-186
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• 2024

Despite the growing attention on artificial intelligence-based automated scoring technology as a support method for the introduction of descriptive items in school environments and large-scale assessments, there is a noticeable lack of foundational research in mathematics compared to other subjects. This study developed an automated scoring model for two descriptive items in first-year middle school mathematics using the Random Forest algorithm, evaluated its performance, and explored ways to enhance this performance. The accuracy of the final models for the two items was found to be between 0.95 to 1.00 and 0.73 to 0.89, respectively, which is relatively high compared to automated scoring models in other subjects. We discovered that the strategic selection of the number of evaluation categories, taking into account the amount of data, is crucial for the effective development and performance of automated scoring models. Additionally, text preprocessing by mathematics education experts proved effective in improving both the performance and interpretability of the automated scoring model. Selecting a vectorization method that matches the characteristics of the items and data was identified as one way to enhance model performance. Furthermore, we confirmed that oversampling is a useful method to supplement performance in situations where practical limitations hinder balanced data collection. To enhance educational utility, further research is needed on how to utilize feature importance derived from the Random Forest-based automated scoring model to generate useful information for teaching and learning, such as feedback. This study is significant as foundational research in the field of mathematics descriptive automatic scoring, and there is a need for various subsequent studies through close collaboration between AI experts and math education experts.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.91-106
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• 2024

Around the world, many countries experiencing the issue of shrinking cities are continually expanding high-speed rail networks to enhance regional accessibility and address imbalances. This study analyzed the effects of high-speed train operations on the age-specific population migration in South Korean municipalities from 2012 to 2019, taking into account the risk levels of shrinking cities. For this purpose, an analysis was conducted using age-specific net in-migration population as the dependent variable, employing the spatial panel autoregressive model. The research results indicated that the influence of high-speed rail on regional population inflow varies depending on the risk level of shrinking city. In other words, high-speed railway operations had positive effects on population inflow in the capital areas and some major cities, while explained population outflow in the other regions. High-speed railways particularly exerted a significant impact on the inflow of the young and middle-aged population, representing the working age, but this effect was also limited to regions with a low risk of shrinkage. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of considering planned population and industrial attraction when installing high-speed rail with the goal of achieving regional balanced development and mitigating shrinkage. The results of this study also suggest the need for subsequent research to explore factors that positively influence population structure and inflow based on the level of shrinkage risk in each region, as well as the introduction of new policies tailored to the specific situations of each local government.