• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.211-217
• /
• 1992

This experiment was conducted over a 3-year period (1990-1992) to evaluate the production and quality of orchardgrass (Potomac)-red clover (Kenland) mixture when orchardgrass + red clover mixture was sown at seed rates of 20+0. 18+2, 16+4, 14+6 and 12+8 kg/ha. Total herbage dry matter, crude protein and digestible organic matter production and organic matter intake were markedly affected by increasing rcd clover seed rate, those increased with increasing red clovcr seed rate due to the cnhancernent of red clover percentage of total herbagc in all 3-year. but significant differences occured between the orchardgrass alone and orchardgrass-red clover mixture with a seed rate of 4,6 and 8 kg/ha red clover (P<0.01). But on the other hand increasing red clover seed rate increased red clover percentage in total herbage, the mean red clover percentage of total herbage at the last cutting ranged from 54 to 65% in first year. 58 to 60% in second year, and 62 to 69% in third year, particularly it was observed that red clover was sown at seed rates of 6 and 8 kg/ha for red clover sown dominated strongly as the cutting times were progressed. Considering the maintenance of good botanical composition balance and the enhancement of production and quality of herbage, the optimized seed rate for orchardgrass-red clover mixtures, 16 kg/ha orchardgrass and 4 kg/ha red clover seems to be considered adequate.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.600-618
• /
• 2014

The metadata for urban meteorological observation is standardized through comparison with those established at the World Meteorological Organization and the Korea Meteorological Administration to understand the surrounding environment around the sites exactly and maintain the networks and sites efficiently. It categorizes into metadata for an observational network and observational sites. The latter is again divided into the metadata for station general information, local scale information, micro scale information, and visual information in order to explain urban environment in detail. The metadata also contains the static information such as urban structure, surface cover, metabolism, communication, building density, roof type, moisture/heat sources, and traffic as well as the update information on the environment change, maintenance, replacement, and/or calibration of sensors. The standardized metadata for urban meteorological observation is applied to the Weather Information Service Engine (WISE) integrated meteorological sensor network and sites installed at Incheon area. It will be very useful for site manager as well as researchers in fields of urban meteorology, radiation, surface energy balance, anthropogenic heat, turbulence, heat storage, and boundary layer processes.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.342-347
• /
• 2012

Plant mitochondria possess alternative respiratory pathways mediated by the type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases and alternative oxidases. Here, E3 SUMO ligase was shown to regulate alternative respiratory pathways and to participate in the maintenance of carbon and nitrogen balance in Arabidopsis. The transcript abundance of the type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases NDA2 and NDB2 and alternative oxidases AOX1a and AOX1d genes was low in siz1-2 mutants compared to that in wild-type. The addition of nitrate or ammonium resulted in a decrease or an increase in the expression of the same gene families, respectively, in both wild-type and siz1-2 mutants. The amount of free sugar (glucose, fructose and sucrose) was lower in siz1-2 mutants than that in wild-type. These results indicate that low nitrate reductase activity due to the AtSIZ1 mutation is correlated with an overall decrease in alternative respiration and with a low carbohydrate content to maintain the carbon to nitrogen ratio in siz1-2 mutants.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제13권11호
• /
• pp.5489-5511
• /
• 2019

The performance of evolutionary algorithms can be seriously weakened when constraints limit the feasible region of the search space. In this paper we present a constrained multi-objective optimization algorithm based on adaptive ε-truncation (ε-T-CMOA) to further improve distribution and convergence of the obtained solutions. First of all, as a novel constraint handling technique, ε-truncation technique keeps an effective balance between feasible solutions and infeasible solutions by permitting some excellent infeasible solutions with good objective value and low constraint violation to take part in the evolution, so diversity is improved, and convergence is also coordinated. Next, an exponential variation is introduced after differential mutation and crossover to boost the local exploitation ability. At last, the improved crowding density method only selects some Pareto solutions and near solutions to join in calculation, thus it can evaluate the distribution more accurately. The comparative results with other state-of-the-art algorithms show that ε-T-CMOA is more diverse than the other algorithms and it gains better in terms of convergence in some extent.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.199-208
• /
• 1989

This study was carried out to Investigate the effects of detomidine and xylazine on physical sign, electrocardiogram, blood pressure, acid-base status and the antagonistic effect of yohimbine on detomidine in goats. Yohimbine was administered 10 minutes after detomidine injection. Maintenance time of sedation was remarkably decreased in yohimbine-treated group(59.5${\pm}$3.8min). compared with detomidine-treated group(99.8 ${\pm}$ 14.7min). Body temperature was slightly decreased, heart rate was markedly decreased in all experimental groups and respiratory rate increased in detomidine-treated group and decreased in zylazine-treated group. However they were recovered rapidly after yohimbine administration In electrocardiogram, there were no significant changes except T waves and RR intervals. T waves showed negative form and RR intervals were increased but they were recovered rapidly in yohimbine-treated group compared with detomidine-treated group. Blood pressure was decreased after detomidine administration but recovered faster in yohimbine-treated group than in detomidine alone group. Blood pH was increased in detomidine-treated and yohimbine-treated groups but unchanged in xylazine-treatd group. It is considered that the effects of detomidine are similar to those of xylaxine and yohimbine is effective antagonist to detomidine in goats.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 2009

A rotordynamic and detailed stability analysis in accordance with API 617 standard were performed with a turbo-compressor, which is one of key rotating machinery in refinery, petroleum, and power plants. The system is composed of rotor shaft, impeller, sleeve hub, balance drum, and coupling hub. The rotor system is supported by tilting pad bearings, which has 5 pads and pad on loading condition. The rotordynamic analysis specified by API 617 includes the critical speed map, mode shape analysis, Campbell diagram, unbalance response analysis, and stability analysis. In particular, the specifications of stability analysis consist of a Level 1 analysis that approximates the destabilizing effects of the labyrinth seals and aerodynamic excitations, and Level 2 analysis that includes a detailed labyrinth seal aerodynamic analysis. The results of a rotordynamic analysis and stability analysis can evaluate the operating compressor health and can be utilized as a guide of its maintenance, repair and trouble solution.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.118-122
• /
• 1989

Candida utilis를 model균주로 하여 세포증식과 기질소모를 on-line 간접측정하고자 개인용 컴퓨터(IBM PC-AT)와 interface된 quadrupole mass spectrometer로 발효 배기가스를 분석하였다. 5분마다 연속적으로 분석되는 질소, 산소, 이산화 탄소 및 수증기의 mole백분율(%)로부터 산소 소비속도(OUR)와 이산화 탄소 발생속도(CER)를 on-line으로 계산하였다. 미리 실험 결과치로부터 결정한 maintenance와 수율 상수들($k_1k_2 $ 값을 이용하여 세포농도와 기질인 포도당의 농도를 on-line으로 간접추정하였다. 간접추정된 값들은 실험적으로 측정한 세포농도 및 기질농도와 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2009년도 정보 및 제어 심포지움 논문집
• /
• pp.109-111
• /
• 2009

In this paper, we discuss how to design 2-wheeled mobile robot hard wares as reasonable and practical as possible. A segway type mobile robot consists of 2 wheels only, placed in parallel rather than horizon. 2-wheeled mobile robots make you overcome high cost and time consuming maintenance procedures of the robot by reducing the number of robot hardwares. The most challenging thing in a 2-wheeled mobile robot that has many more valid virtues than the traditional mobile robots is to make it balance itself whenever it stands still or goes forward. But balancing itself is not an easy matter and there are many researches and experiments on this issue. When researchers test theories on 2-wheeled mobile robots to improve its self balancing performance, they should consider how to design hard wares of that mobile robot. No matter how great those new theories are, if a testbed for those theories is not suitable, performance output would be poor and meaningless. In this point of view, to design a proper 2-wheeled mobile robot as a testbed is a very important issue with development of new theories. So we define 4 guide lines to design segway type mobile robots reasonably; about motor, battery, and MCU selection and shock-proof design with robust motor setting.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제20권9호
• /
• pp.922-929
• /
• 2014

Wind turbines are in the limelight in the alternative energy industry. However, they face frequent and various problems during operation. We focused on the supervising of the blades of a wind turbine. In this paper, we present the design of a maintenance robot that takes the size of wind turbine blades into consideration, so the general form of the robot is a square with four wires fixed to its vertices and to the nacelle. After the robot is placed near the nacelle, it moves along the blades. We also designed an attitude control algorithm for the robot to maintain its balance. Our control algorithm for the robot consists of roll and pitch attitude controllers and a height controller. Each controller was designed independently and then superposed together. We used simulations to verify our control algorithm.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권7호
• /
• pp.982-985
• /
• 2002

A study was carried out to determine glucose kinetics, nutrient balance and milk production of lactating Etawah crossbred goats. The animals (27.2 to 29.1 kg BW) were randomly divided into four levels of dietary treatment groups: the first group R1 received 100% (3 kg) fresh king grass (Penisetum purpuroides), the second group R2 received 75% king grass and 25% king grass silage prepared with chicken manure, the third group R3 received 50% king grass and 50% silage, and the fourth group R4 received 100% silage. In addition to the roughage, each group received 800 g of concentrate (CP 14.77% of DM; 17.26 MJ/kg). Animals fed king grass silage made with chicken manure were found to be superior to the group fed king grass alone. Glucose kinetics and retained energy were significantly affected. Calculations showed that glucose requirements for maintenance and milk production can be met for the groups with high levels of silage (R3 and R4). The values of glucose flux were in the range of 2.52 to 4.50 mg/min.kg $BW^{0.807}$ which are lower, but close to, the values for the temperate lactating dairy cow. The present glucose flux value for the lactating Etawah crossbred goat is higher than the previous value published from this laboratory.