• 제목/요약/키워드: Balance

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구개측 미니플래이트를 이용한 양악 치아치조성 전돌환자에서의 설측 Biocreative therapy 적용 (Severe bidentoalveolar protrusion treated with lingual Biocreative therapy using palatal miniplate)

  • 정규림;정도민;박현정;김성훈
    • 대한치과교정학회지
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    • 제40권4호
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    • pp.276-287
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    • 2010
  • 본 증례보고는 심한 양악 치아치조성 전돌과 전치부 치열밀집을 보이는 23세 8개월 여자 환자를 대상으로 한 변형된 형태의 설측 교정치료법인 설측 Biocreative therapy 치료를 소개하고자 한다. 양악 제1소구치 발치 후 구개천장에 식립된 C-플래이트에 lingual sheath가 달린 보조장치를 접착하여 상악구치부에 장치부착 없이 튜브역할을 대신하게 하였으며 상악 전치부의 decrowding과 견인을 위하여 설측 교정용 브라켓을 사용하지 않고 0.022 슬롯을 가진 순측 브라켓을 치아 설면에 부착한 후 납착된 설측 레버암을 이용하여 상악 전치부의 3차원적인 견인을 시행하였으며, 견인 후 finishing 기간동안 tooth positioner를 사용하였다. 상악 구치부의 장치부착 없이도 총 치료기간은 19개월 소요되었고, 안정적인 교합관계와 안모의 개선이 이루어졌다. 장치 제거 후 13개월 유지 후에도 양호한 결과가 유지되었다.

SUPPLY-DEMAND, COMMERCIAL DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSACTION OF THE CULTURED TUNA IN JAPAN - EMPHASIZING ON THE GLOBAL EXPANSION OF THE TUNA-FARMING BUSINESS -

  • Yamamoto, Naotoshi;Kameda, Kazuhiko;Nishida, Akari;Kitano, Shinichi
    • 수산경영론집
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    • 제39권1호
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    • pp.87-114
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    • 2008
  • The cultured tuna production which has suddenly expanded at the short time and the demand for it attract attention. Farming mode, distribution transactions, change of the market (domestic and international) and the price trend are reviewed from the Japan's position which is the biggest consuming country. This paper tries to describe the current status of the food system related to the cultured tuna. Japanese government began the development of the tuna culture technology in 1970. It was by the Fisheries Agency's project. Kinki University which is the large scale private university in Japan participated in the project. After that, 32 years have passed. Kinki University established the full farming of the bluefin tuna in August, 2002. On the other hand, in 1974, one Japanese private enterprise began its tuna farming business in Canada. Kinki University gave this company technical cooperation. Also, in the early stages of the 90s, as for the policy of the overseas fishery cooperation foundation, it supported the tuna farming business in Australia. It is very clear to understand that the long-term technological-development has supported the take-off scene of the tuna culture business not only in foreign countries but also in Japan. The total shipment scale of the cultured tuna expanded very much within about 10 recent years. However, the decrease of the wild tuna catch, the reinforcement of the fisheries regulation and the tuna body to dwarf are remarkable now. Under the condition as the mentioned above, Japan's tuna consumption, especially, in the market at the fatty meat of tuna of the cultured tuna is building up firm status. At present, the Mediterranean Sea coastal countries, Australia, Mexico and Japan have the tuna farming sites. Australia farms the southern bluefin tuna. The others do the bluefin tuna. About for 3 years, Japan farms the juvenile of the tuna. The global production areas are as follows. 8 coastal countries of the Mediterranean Sea; 18,000 tons (61 % of the cultured tuna quantity in foreign countries), Mexico; 4,500 ton (15%), Australia; 7,000 tons (24%). In 2003, Japan has 32 managements and 39 offices for tuna farming. In Japan, Kyushu and Okinawa district, the share shows itself as 80 % of the domestic production quantity. Especially, the share of Amami-oshima Island in Kagoshima Prefecture exceeds 60 %. Therefore, this island has the maximum production scale of Japan. The amount of supply of BT and SBT was 56,000 tons in 2004. In Abroad, the tuna farming business forms a fixed connection between the importer and the wholesaler which have their office in Japan. In the field of the capital composition, the payment in advance, transaction and the way of settlement, each maintains their fixed relation. The market conditions of the cultured tuna are supported by "the decline of price level" and "the expansion of the general public consumption segment". These lead a team merchandising, and it is supported by the fixed business connection of each. This makes the profit of each business which are on the cultured tuna distribution. However, they have competition on the power balance among them.

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온실재배 토마토의 증산모델 개발 및 검증 (Transpiration Modelling and Verification in Greenhouse Tomato)

  • 이변우
    • 생물환경조절학회지
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.205-215
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    • 1997
  • 본 연구에서는 온실 재배 토마토 군락의 열수지에 근거한 증산모델을 구성하고 실험을 통하여 모텔에 필요한 계수의 추정과 모질의 검증을 수행하였다. 온실의 일사략과 엽-대기수증기압차(LVPD)를 매개변수로 하는 기공확산저항 추정식을 구성하여 기공작산저항 실측 자료를 이용하여 추정식의 계수를 추정하였다. 이 추정식으로 기공확산저항 변이의 80% 이상을 설명할 수 있었으며 추정식에 이용하지 않았던 독립 자료를 이용하여 검정한 결과 추정정도가 높아 증산예측 모델의 구성식으로 이용될 수 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 반투과성 매질의 복사 흡수이론을 적용한 Stanghellini의 식을 다소 변형하여 모델의 군락 순복사 추정식으로 사용하였으며 이 추정식에 의하여 계산된 순복사량은 실측치와 잘 일치하였다. 계수 추정에 사용하지 않았던 독립 자료를 이용하여 순복사 및 기공확산저항 추정식으로 구성된 증산예측 모델의 군락온도 및 증산예측 정도를 검증하였다. 모델에 의하여 계산된 군락 온도, 순간 증산속도 및 일 총 증산량은 실측치와 잘 일치하여 본 연구에서 작성된 증산 예측 모델은 온실 재배 토마토의 환경제어, 관개제어 등에 실용적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

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건강관련 체력과 주관적 건강인식에 관한 연구 (The Relationship between health related physical fitness and self-perceived health status)

  • 김재훈;진영수;박정태;지용석;김근수;이헌;배기택
    • 보건교육건강증진학회지
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.83-100
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    • 1999
  • Modern technology has lessened the physical demand of every activities. Thus, physical inactivity has led to a rise in ‘Hypokinetic diseases’. The prefix, hypo, means lack of and kinetic refers to movement. Individuals who do not exercise regularly are at greater risk of developing hypokinetic diseases such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, musculoskeletal disease. Systematic exercise program defenses development of hypokinetic diseases. Exercise program bases on basic physical fitness test. The physical fitness evaluation is used to degree of Wellness of the individuals. It includes the evaluation of Health-Related Physical Fitness -musclular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, cardiorespiratory endurance, body composition - and skill or sports related fitness -agility, balance, coordination, reaction time, speed. In present study, the authors investigated health-related physical fitness test result and questionnaire for 133 male and 71 female from Jannuary 16 to March 15, 1997. The purpose of this study is to observe relationship health related physical fitness and self-perceived health status. The results are as follows. 1. There were statistically significant differences in BMI, grip strength, back strength, muscular endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, and flexibility between male and female subjects. Flexibility is higher in female than male subject, but Others are higher in male than female subjects. 2. There were statistically significant differences in grip strength, muscular endurance between 30s, 40s, and 50s group In both gender subjects, and In cardiorespiratoryendurance between the groups especially in Female subjects. 3. For male subjects, flexibilitywas measured lower in group who classified low level in self-perceived health status than group of others. Also, for female, subjects, Muscular endurance & flexibility were measured. 4. It was shown that grip strength, back strength, and muscular endurance were significantly lower in group who have chronic diseases than normal group for Male subjects. But, For female subjects, all the component were statistically insignificant results between normal and disease group. 5. Both male and female subjects, there were Positive correlation among grip strength, back strength, muscular endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, and flexibility but, negative correlation for age. Therefore, health-related physical fitness is very important component for Heath Promotion & Wellness. Physical Fitness test is valuable test in health evaluation, health management and health promotion, so available for hospital, sports center, community health center, industrial field, school etc.

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펄라이트를 이용한 방음벽의 흡음소재 개발에 관한 기초적 연구 (A Study on the Development of Sound Absorption Material Using Perlite for Noise Barrier Wall)

  • 조영국;양주경
    • 콘크리트학회논문집
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    • 제20권5호
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    • pp.653-660
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구는 펄라이트를 이용한 흡음재료의 흡음성능을 개선시키기 위한 최적배합에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 결합재로서 폴리머 시멘트 슬러리와 무기질 결합재를 사용하여 흡음재료를 각종 배합조건에 따라 제작하여, 강도, 동결 융해 저항성, 그리고 흡음성능에 대하여 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과, 관내법에 의한 흠음재의 흠음계수는 배합에 따라 약간의 차이가 있으나 폴리머 디스퍼션을 결합재로 사용한 경우 흡음재의 감음계수 (NRC)는 $0.48{\sim}0.51$로 시멘트만 결합재로 사용한 경우에 비해 약간 크게 나타났으나, 방음벽의 환경부 고시 기준에서의 흡음재로서 감음계수 0.70에 비하면 낮은 수치이다. 그러나 잔향실법에 의한 흡음용 패널의 저주파수 영역($250\;Hz{\sim}500\;Hz$)에서 흡음계수가 $0.84{\sim}1.00$로 매우 높게 나타났으며, 고주파 영역에서도 $0.57{\sim}0.77$ 정도로 비교적 높은 흡음률을 나타내 감음계수가 0.77로 높게 나타났다. 폴리머 디스퍼션을 결합재로 사용한 흡음재는 압축강도, 휨강도 및 동결융해 저항성 등에서 방음벽 재료로서 적당한 성능을 발휘하였으며, 성능과 가격면에서 밸런스를 확보할 수 있는 배합을 도출할 수 있었다.

하이브리드형 방식 폴리머 시멘트 슬러리의 인장특성 및 접착성 (Tensile Properties and Adhesion of Hybrid-Type Anti-Corrosion Polymer Cement Slurry)

  • 조영국
    • 콘크리트학회논문집
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    • 제20권5호
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    • pp.635-642
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    • 2008
  • 건설구조물에서 보통철근의 부식을 방지하기 위하여 에폭시 도장 철근이 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 에폭시 도장철근은 성능과 코스트 면에서 불리하며, 특히 취성적이고, 부착성 및 현장 가공성 등의 취약점 때문에 현장에서 사용상의 제약을 받고 있다. 본 연구는 에폭시 도장 철근을 대체할 수 있는 도장재료로서 유기계 폴리머와 시멘트의 무기계를 혼합한 하이브리드 (hybrid)형 폴리머 시멘트 슬러리를 개발하기 위한 것으로서, 특히 인장특성과 접착성에 관한 연구이다. 폴리머 시멘트 슬러리는 4종류의 폴리머 디스퍼션과 혼화재로서 플라이애쉬와 실리카퓸을 혼입하여 제작되었으며, 도장두께, 인장특성, 접착성 및 내굴곡성 시험을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 폴리머 시멘트 슬러리의 점도는 폴리머 디스퍼션의 종류에 따라 크게 영향을 받았으며, 플라이애쉬를 혼입함에 따라 약간 감소하였다. 또한 폴리머-결합재비 100%에서 폴리머 시멘트 슬러리의 적정 도장두께가 확보되었으며, 도장두께는 물-결합재비와 폴리머-결합재비에 의해 다양화 할 수 있었다. 철근의 도장을 위한 적정 도장 두께는 부착강도, 접착성 및 내굴곡성을 고려할 때, 보통 $150{\sim}250{\pm}50{\mu}m$ 범위였다. 본 연구에서 폴리머 시멘트 슬러리의 인장특성 및 접착성, 그리고 도장강의 내굴곡성은 양호하게 평가되어, 향후 에폭시 도장철근을 대체할 수 있는 재료로 사용가능성을 확인하였다.

Matter dynamics with respect to influences of C3 and C4 plants in four subtropical grasslands of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats, India

  • Paulsamy, Subramanium;Kil, Bong-Soup;Sivashanmugam, Munusamy
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.259-267
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    • 2012
  • Biomass changes, net primary production and transfer dynamics of dry matter in four subtropical humid montane grasslands at Ebbenadu, Korakundah, Thiashola and Wenlockdown in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR), the Western Ghats, India, were investigated. Despite the early report of a higher density and dominance of $C_4$ species over $C_3$ species in these grasslands, no functional study of matter production had previously been carried out. Therefore, in order to determine the roles played by these two groups of species, the present study was attempted. The study revealed that the dry matter and net primary production contributed by $C_4$ species were much greater than those of its $C_3$ counterpart in all the grasslands. The turnover rate of aboveground dry matter for both $C_3$ and $C_4$ species was generally rapid, whereas it was slow for belowground parts, and litter components of $C_3$ and $C_4$ species together. In all grasslands, generally about 60% and 10% of the input were channeled to aboveground and belowground parts, respectively, by the $C_4$ species, whereas the $C_3$ species transferred only about 22% and 8% of dry matter to aboveground and belowground parts, respectively. The total disappearance of dry matter was 2.73, 2.10, 3.19, and $1.96\;g\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$ in Ebbenadu, Korakundah, Thiashola and Wenlockdown grasslands, which was 48.83%, 44.30%, 54.81%, and 41.09% of the total input, respectively, in these grasslands. This resulted in a considerable surplus dry matter production in all the grasslands studied. This balance sheet of dry matter in community function indicates that all the four studied grasslands were supporting the existing wild animals adequately in terms of pasture supply. The study further revealed that the stronger establishment of $C_4$ species rather than their $C_3$ counterparts, in terms of higher density and dominance, has driven them to play major roles in matter dynamics and system transfer functions in all the four grasslands studied. This fact evidenced that pasture from $C_4$ species for wild animals was determined to be higher in comparison to that of $C_3$ species.

선형의 시간 복잡도를 가지는 휴리스틱 k-방향 네트워크 분할 알고리즘 (A Linear-Time Heuristic Algorithm for k-Way Network Partitioning)

  • 최태영
    • 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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    • 제7권8호
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    • pp.1183-1194
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    • 2004
  • 네트워크 분할 문제는 주어진 네트워크를 여러 개의 블록으로 분할하되 절단집합의 크기를 최소화하는 동시에 블록들의 크기는 균일하도록 하는 문제이다. 많은 네트워크 분할 알고리즘들 중에서 반복 알고리즘 부류는 간단하면서도 효과적이라는 것이 알려져 있다. 대표적인 반복 알고리즘은 Fiduccia와 Mattheyses가 제안한 셀 단위의 이동을 하는 알고리즘, 이의 개량형인 Sanchis가 제안한 k-방향 분할 알고리즘이 있다. 이들 알고리즘은 '블록들의 균일한 크기'를 반드시 만족되어야 하는 조건으로 고정하고 있으며, 이 조건은 비효율적인 셀 이동을 유발하는 원인이 된다. Park과 Park은 블록들의 균일한 크기를 제한 조건으로 두는 대신 '균형 비용'으로 정하고, 균형 비용의 크기를 조절하는 균형 계수 R을 제안했다. 하지만 그 알고리즘은 셀 개수의 제곱에 해당하는 상당히 높은 시간복잡도를 가진다는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 셀 개수의 선형에 해당하는 시간복잡도를 가지면서도 균형 비용의 장점을 이용하는 bucket 알고리즘을 제안한다. MCNC 테스트 셋을 통한 실험은 Sanchis가 제안한 알고리즘에 비해서 제안된 알고리즘이 만들어낸 분할에서의 절단 집합의 크기가 63.33%에서 92.38%로 줄어들었으며, 균형 조건을 명시하지 않았음에도 불구하고 결과 분할들은 균형 조건을 만족함을 보여준다.

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식이지방산 조성 및 비타민 E의 보충이 제 2 세대 흰 쥐 뇌조직의 항산화 체계에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Dietary Fatty Acid and Vitamin E Supplementation in Antioxidant Systmes of the Second Generation Rat Brain Sections)

  • 황혜진;엄영숙;정은정;김수연;이양자
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.14-22
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    • 2001
  • In this study, we examined the effects of dietary fatty acids and vitamin E supplementation on antioxidant systems in the rat brain regions. The Sprague Dawley rats were fed the experimental diets 3-4 wks prior to the conception. Experimental diet consisted of 10% fat(wt/wt) which were safflower oil(SO, poor in $\omega$3 fatty acids), mixed oil(MO, P/M/S ratio=1.03:1.45:1,$\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio=6.3) and mixed oil supplemented with vitamin E(ME:MO+500mg vitamin E/kg diet). At 3 and 9 weeks of age of the newborn rats, frontal cortex(FC), corpus striatum(CS), hippocampus(H) cerebellum(CB) were dissected out from the whole brain. Activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-P(sub)x, superoxide dismutase(SOD) concentrations of malondialdehyde(MDA) were mesaured. Dietary fatty acids were not effective in antioxidative system for rat brain. However, when vitamin E was supplemented to the diet(ME), the activities of GSH-P(suh)x tended to increase in comparison to MO group. Therefore, the activites of GSH-P(suh)x of FC and H at the age of 3 weeks showed significant differences(p<0.05). The activities of Total-SOD tended to decrease in ME group compared to MO group. There were significant differences(p<0.05) in FC and CS at the age of 3 weeks. The activities of Mn-SOD tended to increase and Cu, Zn-SOD tended to decrease when vitamin E was supplemented. The activity levels of antioxidative enzymes at the age of 3 weeks and 9 weeks were similar. This suggested that the activity level of antioxidative enzymes reached to the adult level at the age of 3 weeks which is the end point of lactation period. The concentrations of MDA were not altered by experimental diets. When the activities of antioxidant enzymes were compared, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were the lowest in H and FC. In conclusion, the antioxidative system were not altered by dietary fatty acid at the age of 3 weeks and 9 weeks, but the supplementation of vitamin E altered the antioxidative systems. Therefore, these findings should be considered comprehensively in scope of the balance of various antioxidative systems and their interactions(Korean J Nutrition 34(1):14-22, 2001)

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상박위(上膊圍)에 의(依)한 성장기(成長期) 아동(兒童)에 영양상태(營養狀態)의 판정(判定)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (A Study on the Nutritional Assessment of Early Childhood Using Mid-Upper-Arm Circumference)

  • 채범석;남롱강;정영진
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제8권4호
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    • pp.9-14
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    • 1975
  • Growth retardation and a variable degree of body disproportion are recognized features of malnutrition, and mild and moderate protein-calorie malnutrition(PCM). Among the various body measurements suggested to assess the prevalence of all grades of PCM as judged by growth retardation and by body disproportion, the 'mid-upper-arm circumference'-abbreviated to 'arm-circumference' has been suggested as a potential useful simple field index for the assessment of PCM showing that the measurement would give composite information simultaneously on three important effects on PCM-deficit in the muscle protein reservoirs, availability of calorie stores in the form of subcutaneous fat, and growth failure. And this is selected because of its easy accessibility, and less involvement with clinical edema. This study is conducted to make a comparison between the percentage of Korean weight for age standards and the percentage of mid-upper-arm circumference for age standards of 175 preschool children aged $3{\sim}72$ months who are selected among the low-income residents in Seoul. In this study, a comparison is made between the results obtained by expressing the observed weight of the child as a percentage of Korean standard, referred to as 'weight-for-age' and the observed arm-circumference expressed as a percentage of the age-specific arm standard of Jelliffe, referred to as 'arm-for-age'. All the measurements were taken following the techniques described by Jelliffe. The left mid upper arm was measured using a glass-fibre tape and the Fairbanks Morse beam balance was used for weighing. 80% level of weight for age Korean standard and 85% level of arm for are Jelliffe standard were used as an upper borderline limit for PCM. Comparing the 80% weight-for-age and the 85% arm-for-age standard as an upper limit for PCM, for children aged $3{\sim}72$ months, results in 84.6% agreement with the sensitivity of 86.4% and its specificity of 83.5%. If arm circumference alone had been measured and judgement made on this basis, then only 5.1% of the children would have been 'wrongly' classified. And there is a moderately close correlation between arm circumference and weight for age as the data in Table 4 shows. The problem therefore lies in the standard for arm circumference in normal children and in determining what is the lower limit of normal. Once this is clearly difined, one can rely more confidently on arm circumference measurements alone for the nutritional assessment of early childhood.

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