• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2014

PURPOSE: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect and examine the feasibility of an intervention of ankle strategy exercise on balance of patients with hemiplegia. METHODS: The subject were randomly allocated to three groups: ankle strategy exercise (group A), balance exercise (group B) and control (group C). Group A was received the conventional physical therapy plus ankle strategy exercises for 20 minutes in one session. Group B was received the same conventional physical therapy plus balance exercises for 20 minutes in one session. Two active groups were performed in the session 3 times a week, for a total of 6 weeks. and Group C was only received the same conventional physical therapy. Balance test was assessed using center of pressure (COP) in the anteroposterior (A-P), mediolateral (M-L) direction, Berg balance scale (BBS) and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). RESULTS: All groups showed improvements in balance parameters. In especial, the Group A was statistically significant differences in almost part evaluation items and showed more improvements in BBS and TUG parameters than Group B and Group C. and moving distance of M-L COP was more improvements than Group B. CONCLUSION: Ankle strategy exercises had more influence on balance than balance exercises and neurodevelopmental treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.96-107
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• 2005

Objective: The purpose of this study were to investigate the standing balance, dynamic activity in hemiplegic patients according to the types of ankle-foot orthosis(AFO) and to determine the most effective type of AFO for gait training. Method: A prospective study was performed for 16 patients with hemiplegia who was able to walk independently. Static balance and dynamic activity were compared in two condition : 1) barefoot and SPAFO, 2) barefoot and HPAFO. Static balance and dynamic activity characteristics were evaluated by Active Balance while they were standing with in two condition AFO and barefoot. Results: There were significant difference in standing balance between barefoot and wearing SPAFO and HPAFO(p<0.05). There were significant difference in dynamic activity balance between barefoot and wearing SPAFO and HPAFO(p<0.05). There were significant difference in gait speed between barefoot and wearing SPAFO and HPAFO(p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that wearing SPAFO and HPAFO gave fair amount of improvement to balance and gait ability of hemiplegic patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the effects of neuromuscular training performed on badminton club members' to improve muscle activity of the lower extremities and static and dynamic balance tests. Methods: The subjects were 20 badminton club members with chronic ankle instability who were randomly divided into a neuromuscular training group and a balance training group, each with 10 patients. Both exercises ware performed three days per week for 30 minutes a day over six weeks. Results: The neuromuscular training group showed increased muscle activity of the lower extremities compared to the balance training group. Neuromuscular training increased balance ability better than the balance training group, showing a significant difference and better efficiency of neuromuscular training when compared to balance training. Conclusion: This research evaluated neuromuscular training as an intervention for badminton club members with chronic ankle instability and compared the differences in muscle activity of the lower extremities and balance ability; as a result of the effective frequency for improving performance, there was a significant difference in muscle activity of lower extremities and balance ability of the neuromuscular training group and the control group.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2019

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare sitting balance and coordination spastic cerebral palsy in children using the Korean version of Trunk Impairment Scale (K-TIS) as well as to provide basic data about effective postural control treatment for clinicians handling these two types. METHODS: The K-TIS was measured in 29 children diagnosed with diplegic and quadriplegic cerebral palsy (18 with diplegia and 11 with quadriplegia). The average and standard scores of the children's K-TIS subscales and items of the two groups were measured. The two groups' subscales and items were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Static sitting balance, dynamic sitting balance, coordination, and total score for children with diplegia were statistically high (p<.05). For all items under static sitting balance, the score for children with diplegia was higher. The first differences in the repeated items of dynamic sitting balance and coordination area that rotates between the upper and lower body were presented. CONCLUSION: The difference in balance and coordination in sitting positions is exhibited in children with diplegia and quadriplegia. For children with spastic quadriplegia, treatments should focus on static sitting balance and coordination, together with a focus on dynamic sitting balance and coordination.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.391-397
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were to determine wether knee muscular fatigue affects on one-leg static standing balance. Sixty four healthy subjects were used for this study : 44 men and 20 women, with an average age of 19.52. One leg static standing balance was measured at pre-fatigue and post-fatigue by an instrumented balance assessment system(kinesthetic ability training balance platform) which is commercially available for testing or training balance. Isokinetic exercises were used to evoke muscle fatigue at 180 degree/see by Cybex 1200. One leg static standing balance ability was significantly decreased after knee muscular fatigue. Although these phenomenons were not clearly understood, these results have important implications for rehabilitation in fatigable patients. These results suggest that the excessive fatiguing during rehabilitation in patients with fatigable disease may increase risk of reinjury and falling injury due to balance disturbance. Further studies are required to determine the physiological mechanisms of muscle fatigue that can play in decreasing one-leg static standing balance ability.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.28-48
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• 2018

Purpose - This study is to analyze the assessment of forming of a payment balance of the country and its condition. Data array were used the data on the Russian Federation from the 1995-2016, across Great Britain - since the 2004- 2014 and in the retrospective aspect since the 1946. Research design, data, and methodology - The payment balance is a ratio of payment amounts made this country abroad and the receipts received by it from abroad for a certain period; it is the systematic list of all economic transactions performed for a certain period of time between the residents of one country and the nonresidents. The scale of research on Russia: to be analyzed the amount of data from the 1995 by 2016. On Great Britain - the 2004-2014, on South Korea - the 2017. Results - Hypothesis 1. The detailed and simple systematization of balance sheet items increases the efficiency of analytical procedures and the mechanism of public administration. Hypothesis 2. The main of balance sheet items are deficit of Russian Federation scarce which, are generally counterbalanced with gold and foreign exchange reserves. Conclusions - Considering the items of balance of payments of the studied countries in the context with other countries, it can be noted that the dynamics of the main items are closely linked with the main macroeconomic indicators and reflects the main tendency of the state development. The main items of balance sheet of South Korea's are intensive. The relatively stable dynamics in the macroeconomic indicators is observed in Japan and China

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2016

Background: The Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) and the Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) scale were used to assess balance function in patients with balance problem. These multidimensional clinical balance scales provide information about potential risk factors for falls. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the predictive properties of the PBS and FAB scales relative to fall risk in children with cerebral palsy (CP) using a receiver operating characteristic analysis. Methods: In total, 49 children with CP (boy=21, girl=28) who were diagnosed with level 1 or 2 according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System participated in this study. The PBS and FAB were performed, and verified cut-off score, sensitivity, specificity, and the area of under the curve (AUC). Results: In this study, the PBS scale was as a predictive measure of fall risk, but the FAB was not significant in children with CP. A cut-off score of 45.5 points provided optimal sensitivity of .90 and specificity of .69 on the PBS, and a cut-off score of 21.5 points provided optimal sensitivity of .90 and specificity of .62 on the FAB. Both scales showed moderately accurate of AUC with .79 and .76, respectively. Conclusion: The PBS is a useful screening tool for predicting fall risk in children with cerebral palsy, and those who score 45.5 or lower indicate a high risk for falls and are in need of balance intervention.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the balance training on the stable and unstable supporting surfaces for the subjects with functional ankle instability. Methods: Twenty-nine subjects with functional ankle instability were randomly assigned to the stable group (n=14) and the unstable group (n=15). Balance training was conducted twenty minutes a day on the stable surface for the stable group and on the airostep for the unstable group three times a week for four weeks. Balance training program was consisted of ten steps by eye opened or closed and two or one leg standing. X-speed for transverse balance and Y-speed for longitudinal balance were measured with eye opened and closed in affected leg standing position. Results: There were significant improvements of balance ability in eye opened (p<.01) and eye closed standing (p<.01) in stable group. Unstable group also showed significant improvements of balance ability in eye opened (p<.01) and eye closed standing (p<.01). There were no statistical differences in the magnitude of improvement between the groups (p<.05). Conclusions: Based on such results, it can be said that balance training on the stable surface is effective as much as training on the unstable surface for the subjects with functional ankle instability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.142-144
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• 2017

Purpose: Few studies have addressed the effect of diurnal circadian rhythms on postural stability, and thus the aim of the present study was to examine circadian effects on static and dynamic postural stability in young adults. Methods: Twenty-four subjects (9 men, 11 women: age=$22.20{\pm}1.77$, height=$167.20{\pm}10.47$, weight=$59.85{\pm}10.66$) from a university community volunteered for this study. Static and dynamic balance testing, which recorded using a Good Balance system (Good Balance, Metitur Ltd, Finland) was conducted at 9:00, 13:00, and 17:00 hours on two consecutive days, and the sequencing of static and dynamic balance tests were randomized. Results were analyzed using the non-parametric one-way repeated Friedman test in SPSS version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), and variable found to be significant were subjected to Wilcoxon post hoc testing. Results: Static and dynamic balance showed significant difference at the three times assessments (test at 9:00, 13:00, and 17:00) during circadian. In the post hoc test of static (anteroposterior distance, mediolateral distance and COP (center of pressure) velocity) and dynamic balance (performance time), 13:00 was the longer and faster than 9:00. Conclusion: These results indicated that control of postural balance is influenced by diurnal circadian rhythms, and confirm that control of postural balance is more effective and better performance in the 09:00 hours than 13:00 hours or 17:00 hours.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2007

게임 밸런스는 게임 디자인의 매우 중요한 요소이며, 게임을 좀 더 재미있게 구성하기 위한 필수 요소이다. 대부분의 게임 개발사들은 성공적인 게임 개발을 위하여 자체적인 밸런스 방법을 사용한다. 효율적인 밸런스 방법이 항상 성공적인 게임 개발을 보장할 수는 없으나 게임 개발자의 입장에서 효율적인 게임 개발을 위하여 표준적인 밸런스 방법이 필요한 것이 사실이다. 캐릭터간의 전투 시스템은 주로 액션을 포함한 장르에서 구현된다. 캐릭터간의 전투를 위한 직접적인 밸런스 요소는 각 캐릭터들이 가지게 되는 특성 및 공격 형태들이다. 본 논문에서 우리는 캐릭터간의 대전 시스템을 갖는 게임에서 캐릭터와 관련된 직접적인 밸런스 요소를 구분하고 이에 근간한 수학적 밸런스 방법을 제안한다.