• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.45-49
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• 2003

A Bake-Out test for STSAT-1 FM(Flight Model) was performed in a Bake-Out Chamber at SITC(Satellite Integration & Test Center) in KARI(Korea Aerospace Research Institute). The purpose of this test is to measure and analyze the outgassing rate to affect the optical equipment(FIMS) and to eliminate contaminants through the high temperature bake-out. This Bake-Out test is composed of three parts which are honeycomb panels & harnesses(Batch 1), an assembled satellite(Batch 2), and a disassembled satellite(Batch 3). For each test, quantitative and qualitative measurements and analysis were performed using TQCM(Thermoelectric Quartz Crystal Microbalance) and RGA(Residual Gas Analyzer.)

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.319-322
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reduction effect of bake out on the concentration of indoor air pollutants by measuring the concentration of indoor pollutants(VOCs, HCHO) after the bake out. As a result of the study, bake out was considerably effective in reducing the concentration o( indoor air pollutants, showing relatively high reduction ratio around 40${\sim}$56%. However, continuous attention and control after the bake out is required for the prevention of the rise of the concentration by subsequent emission.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.335-343
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• 2006

Indoor air pollution has been significantly aggravated due to hazardous pollutants emitted from petrochemical finishing materials in new apartments. Pollutants emitted into indoor environment have significant effects on the health of occupants, causing undesirable symptoms related to sick building syndrome such as headache, dizziness, difficulty in concentration, etc. Therefore, this paper attempted to investigate the reduction effect of bake out on VOCs emission in new apartments. Experiments were carried out in three households, one of which was naturally ventilated. The naturally ventilated showed the lowest indoor pollutant concentration and also showed the highest reduction rate by the use of bake out. The most desirable result was observed when the household was naturally ventilated after bake out. More detailed experiments are expected to be carried out afterwards on the prediction of reduction rate of each pollutant.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2012

Wood composites are a hygroscopic material and have ability to exchange its moisture content with air. This study investigated the formaldehyde emission and moisture content change of four wood composites (particleboard (PB), medium density fiberboard (MDF), high density fiberboard (HDF), laminated HDF (L-HDF)) as a function of bake-out temperature and time. The composites were baked out for 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 days at temperatures of $20{\pm}2$, $35{\pm}2$, and $50{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ in a dry oven. The moisture content change was used to determine the emission bake-out of the composites. Best bake-out time results were obtained with after 7 days all composites. Formaldehyde emission values of composites decreased with decreasing moisture content for both temperatures. The formaldehyde emission results of bake-out temperature 35 and $50^{\circ}C$ showed a similar tendency.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2002

Outgassing from such sources as paints, coatings, adhesives and other non-metallic surfaces can contaminate satellites, especially second surface mirror and optical lens, it cause satellite to fail in own missions. The vacuum bake-out test using high temperature(more than $85 ^{\circ}C$)and high vacuum(less than $5.0{\times}1-^{-3}$ Pa) certify that the components of satellite work properly and can survive and operate in space environment like high vacuum. In the bake-out chamber installed at SITC of KARI, Rotary vacuum pump and Booster pump produce low vacuum of 5.0 Pa, and then two cryopumps produce high vacuum of below $5.0{\times}10^{-3}$ Pa. Also 48 ceramic heaters were provided to simulate high temperature. During the vacuum bake-out test, we detected contaminants using RGA(Residual Gas Analyzer) and measure the outgassing rate of the contaminant using the TQCM(Thermoelectric Quartz Crystal Microbalance). Also, IR/UV Spectrometer and witness plate be used to certify that the components were suitable for the spacecraft. This paper includes the preparation and procedures of the bake-out test for SAR(Solar Array Regulator) and MLI(Multi Layer Insulator), which were the components of the spacecraft. Especially, we discussed the methods and results of the contamination measurement. In the bake-out for SAR, the contamination was measured continuously although it was on the decrease from TQCM results. And RCA established that it is a highly polymerized compound. In the MLI bake-out using RGA and witness plate, we didn't detect any contamination materials.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.708-713
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• 2008

Various kinds of contaminant are generated from many kinds of interior construction materials, furniture and life articles. People of today living indoor most of the time are exposed to these kinds of contaminant. In this connection, people are exerting their efforts to reduce the occurrence of contaminant from the interior finish materials. And it is the actual condition that research is being actively made on the method of reducing contaminant by performing bake-out for newly constructed housings. Bake-out is the method of temporarily increasing the generation of the harmful contaminant quantity including VOCs and Formaldehyde emitting from construction materials or finish materials by increasing the interior temperature of the newly constructed buildings or improved or repaired buildings, and then removing it by mobilizing ventilation system. In this study, the researcher measured the effect of reduced concentration according to ventilation or non-ventilation of the newly constructed but not yet resident public housings during the bake-out in order to grasp the effect of reduced interior air contaminant according to the elapse of timeat the time of bake-out.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2012

This study analysis the effect of various temperatures (20, 35 and $50^{\circ}C$) on the formaldehyde emission from wood composites, which were particleboard (PB), medium density fiberboard (MDF), high density fiberboard (HDF) and laminated HDF (L-HDF) by Japanese desiccator method. Also, to reduce formaldehyde emission by wood composites, it has been suggested that undergo a bake-out conditions. On average, the level of formaldehyde emission increased many times with a $15^{\circ}C$ increase in temperature from 20 to $35^{\circ}C$ for PB, MDF, HDF and L-HDF, respectively. Formaldehyde emissions from wood composites could be expected to increase with increasing ambient temperature. At $35$ for 28 days bake-out treatment of boards, the free formaldehyde emission reduced 67.8% (PB), 40.1% (MDF), 37.8% (HDF), and 35.2% (L-HDF). On the other hand, after the bake-out at $50^{\circ}C$ for 28 days, the formaldehyde concentration decreased by 88.2, 66.9, 62.2 and 59.3% of the concentration before the bake-out for PB, MDF, HDF and L-HDF, respectively. An interesting of the bake-out treatment at $50^{\circ}C$ after 14 days, formaldehyde emission grade of PB & MDF down $E_2$ to $E_1$, and HDF & L-HDF down $E_1$ to $E_0$.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.111-117
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• 2006

The harmfulness of HCHO and VOCs from construction material and furniture has been increased gradually. It must be need to prevent pollution materials' accumulation indoor effectively and to remove very small amount of harmful pollution materials in various plans, because these kinds of pollution materials greatly affect human body, Therefore, this study is focused to find out the improvements of Indoor Air Quality in execution of natural ventilation and bakeout to reduce indoor chemical pollution materials or not. After effects of indoor air quality by natural ventilation and bake-out being examined, it is follows the conclusion. As for the density change of TVOC and Toluene according to time lapse, in case the middle and high-story areas have bake-out, the density increased once, but it showed the gradual decrease after bake-out was stopped, and it was shown that it exceeded the standards recommended for newly built apartment. The bake-out is effective to discharge the HCHO and TVOC from the construction material and the furniture, and the natural ventilation is effective remove the indoor pollution materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.131-131
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• 2012

압전재료는 그 특성상 항공우주분야에서 활용범위가 넓어지고 있는데, 특히 진동제어 분야에 널리 이용되고 있다. 최근에는 위성카메라의 영상 품질개선을 위한 구동기(actuator) 연구도 진행 중이다. 그러나 위성체가 작동하는 우주환경인 고진공상태에서는 각 부품에서 발생할 수 있는 outgassing으로 인해 위성체가 오염되어 위성임무 실패를 초래할 수도 있다. 따라서 지상에서 위성체 부품에 대해 고온($60^{\circ}C$)과 고진공(5.0 E-03 Pa 이하)의 상태를 모사하여 오염물질을 제거함으로써 outgassing 발생을 막고, 오염근원을 검출할 수 있는 bacuum bake-out 시험이 필요수적이다. 압전체의 위성부품 활용성 연구를 위하여 bake-out 챔버를 이용하여 오염측정에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. Vacuum bake-out 시험시에는 TQCM을 사용하여 발생하는 오염물질의 방출률을 측정한다. 아울러, 압전체에 대한 시험 전후의 압전특성을 비교 분석하여 진공 및 온도 환경하에서의 특성 변화를 관찰하였다.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.448-453
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• 2011

Pre-aging heat treatment after solution heat treatment (SHT) of Al-0.4 wt%Mg-1.2 wt%Si-0.1 wt%Mn alloy sheets for auto-bodies was carried out to investigate the effect of pre-aging and its conditions on the bake-hardening response. Mechanical properties were evaluated by a tensile and Vickers hardness test. Microstructural observation was also performed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was revealed that pre-aging treatments play a great role in the bake-hardening response. In addition, it was found that the sphere-shaped nanosized clusters that can directly transit to the needle-shaped ${\beta}$" phase during the paint-bake process, not being dissolved into the matrix, are formed at 343 K. The result, reveals that the dominant factor of the bake-hardening response is the pre-aging temperature rather than the pre-aging time.