• 패션비즈니스
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.89-108
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• 2020

Wearable bags are body-worn bags, integrated with clothing or accessories, and they can liberate the wearer's hands, offering enhanced mobility. The main purposes of this research were: a) to analyze wearable bag design cases ranging from historical costumes to contemporary fashion; b) to develop wearable bag designs using various defined design methods, styles, and features and prototypes; and c) to evaluate people's satisfaction with the developed wearable bags and their differences among people with different innovativeness levels. Thus, the wearable bag design cases involved in this study were researched and collected from previous literature searches. then, the wearable bag designs were developed and prototyped. Next. an evaluation survey was conducted using questions that assessed satisfaction with overall design and function, use and purchase intention, and consumer innovativeness. The results are expected to enhance the understanding of wearable bags and provide guidelines for designers who develop wearable bags. The results indicated that 80% or more of the surveyed people were satisfied with the design and function of the developed wearable bags. They perceived that the bags were easy to use and useful, and wanted to use and purchase them. Consumers with high social, functional, and hedonic innovativeness were more satisfied and perceived these wearable bags as easier to use and more useful and wanted to use and purchase them more than consumers with low innovativeness. This study can be helpful to designers developing wearable bags by providing a better understanding of wearable bags and consumer perceptions.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.82-90
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• 2011

This study examines if men in the 20's and 30's have different preference for bag types according to their age and gender-role identity types in order to provide foundational data for the male bag market to segment its customers and establish marketing strategies. Total 288 questionnaire sheets were distributed to 186 men in the 20's and 102 men in the 30's residing in Busan. First, according to the result of analyzing their preference for bag types, adult men in the 20's and 30's preferred cross bags the most. It was also shown that men who are feminine or androgynous prefer back packs, shoulder bags, and tote bags to the other two types. Second, about cross bags, men in the 20's showed a higher rate of having two or three than those in the 30's. Men in the 20's possessed back packs more than those in the 30's. And men tend to show a lower rate of having shoulder bags compared with that of cross bags or back packs. Men in the 30's possessed briefcases more than those in the 20's. Masculine men had more briefcases than the other types of bags, and androgynous men tend to have more tote bags than the other types of bags. Third, men in the 20's and 30's all deemed that back packs go well with the casual style. Men in the 20's regarded shoulder bags are the type of bags that harmoniously matches all styles including casual or semi-suit; however, men in the 30's think they only suit casual or semi-suit. And it was also found that men in the 20's think briefcases are the type of bags that goes well with various styles of clothes while men in the 20's consider they are the type of bags only matching suits.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.563-573
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• 1996

Macroinvertebrate contribution to the leaf litter breakdown of Carpinus cordata was estimated at headwater streams at Mt. Jumbong (38°03'N, 128°25'E) during spring and winter spring by using two types of litter bag. Coarse-mesh bags with 10 g of leaf letter were placed in a 1st-order stream in April (the spring experiment) and December 1995 (the winter-spring experiment). Fine-mesh bags with 5 g of leaf letter were placed in a nearby 3ed-order steam. The breakdown of Carpinus in coarse-mesh bags was rapid, and, in terms of season, leaf litter processed rapidly during spring. daily mass loss rates of leaf litter (-k±1 SE) were highest for coarse-mesh bags in the spring experiment (-0.0429±0.0048), followed by coarse-mesh bags in the winter-spring (-0.0146±0.0014), fine-mesh bags in the spring (-0.0078±0.0004), fine-mesh bags in the winter-spring experiment (-0.0054±0.0005). Macroinvertebrate contribution to the litter breakdown was estimated by the difference of % leaf letter remaining between coarse -mesh bage and fine-mesh bags. Although shredders were more abundant during the winter-spring, their contribution was greater during the spring (50%) than the winter-spring (22∼33%). This result appeared to be due to the change in the chemical composition of leaf letter during processing, and to the seasonal growth patterns of major shredder taxa.

• Mycobiology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.164-167
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• 2012

The effects of aeration through lid filters on the hyphal growth of Lentinula edodes (oak mushroom) in sawdust cultivation bags were investigated. The aeration treatment levels were traditional 27 mm hole cotton plugs, cotton balls and combinations of seven hole sizes ${\times}$ two hole positions (up and under) in the lids covering plastic bags containing 1.4 kg sawdust medium at 63% moisture that had been autoclaved for one hour and inoculated with sawdust spawn of L. edodes strain 921. Aeration treatment effects were measured based on the $CO_2$ concentration at the 15th wk, as well as the hyphal growth rate and degree of weight loss of bags every 14 days for 15 wk. In bags with traditional cotton plugs, the $CO_2$ concentration was $3.8{\pm}1.3%$, daily mean hyphal growth was $2.3{\pm}0.6mm$ and daily mean weight loss was $0.84{\pm}0.26g$. In the bags with 15 mm diameter holes, the $CO_2$ concentration was $6.0{\pm}1.6%$, daily hyphal growth was $2.8{\pm}0.2mm$ and daily weight loss was $0.86{\pm}0.4g$. The bags with 15 mm holes had a higher $CO_2$ concentration and lower water loss than bags with other hole sizes, but the hyphal growth was not significantly different from that of other bags. The weight loss of bags increased proportionally relative to the lid hole sizes. Taken together, these results indicate that traditional cotton plugs are economically efficient, but 15 mm hole lids are the most efficient at maintaining hyphal growth and controlling water loss while allowing $CO_2$ emissions.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1632-1642
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• 2021

Objective: The hypothesis was that apparent ileal digestibility (AID), basal endogenous losses, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) are not affected by adding acid to collection containers or bags used to collect ileal digesta from pigs. Methods: Twenty-four growing barrows (initial body weight: 77.8±4.5 kg) that were fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were fed diets for three 7-d periods. An N-free diet and 3 diets containing corn, soybean meal, or wheat middlings as the sole source of AA were used. Within each period, each of the 4 diets were fed to 6 pigs. Among the 6 pigs, digesta from 3 pigs were collected in bags containing no HCl, whereas 40 mL of 3 N HCl was included in the bags used to collect digesta from the remaining 3 pigs. Every other bag collected from each pig was emptied into a container without adding HCl, whereas the remaining bags were added to a container along with 40 mL of 3 N HCl for each bag. All digesta were stored at -20℃ immediately after collection. Data were analyzed using a model that included feed ingredient, HCl in bags, HCl in containers, and all 2-way and 3-way interactions as fixed effects. No 3-way interactions were significant, and data were, therefore, reanalyzed independently for each diet as a 2×2 factorial. Results: There were no interactions between adding HCl to collection bags and to containers, and no effects of adding HCl to collection bags or containers for AID, basal endogenous losses, or SID of most AA were observed. Conclusion: It is not necessary to add acid to digesta collection bags or collection containers if ileal digesta are stored at -20℃ immediately after collection.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.32-51
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• 2022

This study analyzed the characteristics and expression techniques of men's fashion bags and their aesthetic and formative values in modern men's fashion from the perspective of neo-deconstructivism. The study subjects were men's fashion bags appearing in four collections in Paris, Milan, London, and New York in the 2019 S/S-2021 S/S season. As a research method, the characteristics and expression techniques of the new disintegration of men's fashion bags were analyzed and categorized through prior research and literature research. The results of the study are as follows: First, the neoclassical characteristics of men's fashion bags caused 'Re-creation' to appear as the dissolution of the design principle and structure of the bag, and it was derived as 'decomposition of form' and 'decomposition of dress method'. Second, the 'Inclusive Diversity' of modern men's fashion bags of neo-deconstructivism appears in the form of gender demarcation and dissonance coordination. Third, 'Playfulness' in men's fashion bags involves the pursuit of fun through unconventional changes in the shape, size, and design of the bag, and it sometimes provides a fresh, new play experience through unpredictable design elements. Fourth, the 'Pursuit of new values' in male's fashion bags was a characteristic wherein the boundary between DIY attire and daily clothes and high fashion by the individual selection of consumers was blurred. This work is meaningful in that it conducted a basic study of men's fashion bags by examining the modern men's fashion bag from the perspective of the philosophical trend of neo-deconstructivism and categorizing its characteristics.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.472-479
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop guidelines for cleaning of enteral nutrition bags by comparing the level of equipment contamination according to cleaning and disinfection methods. Method: This study was a true-experimental study, with 60 cases in total. Twenty cases each were randomly assigned to tepid water, detergent and brush, and disinfectant groups. The period of the experiment was March to April 2010, and enteral nutrition was given for 1 houre, 3 times a day at 7AM, noon, and 7PM for seven days. Enteral nutrition bags were cleaned after each feeding according to assigned cleaning and disinfection method followed by microbial cultures on 4th and 8th day before the 7AM feeding. Results: After 3 days of feeding and cleaning, the level of contamination of bags was not significantly different among the three groups. After seven days, the level of contamination was significantly lower when bags were cleaned with detergent and brush or with disinfectant compared to cleaning with tepid water. Conclusion: In cases where enteral nutrition bags are reused for example, in home care settings, studying findings indicate that cleaning bags using detergent and brush or disinfectant is an effective way to prevent contamination of bags.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1977

The sample persimmons were obtained from the of Yung-am Kun, Korea on October 24, and November 9, 1973. These persimmons were kept at room temperature overnight, then packed and stored on the following day at $0^{\circ}C$ and $85{\sim}100%$ humidity. Seven experimental items were studied : 1. control, 2. packing with excelsior in wooden boxes, 3. packing with rice hull in wooden boxes, 4. packing in bags of 0.03 mm polyethylene membrane, 5. packing in bags of 0.06 mm polyethylene membrane, 6. packing in bags of 0.08 mm polyethylene membrane, 7. packing in sealed desiccators. The dimension of polyethylene bags were $14{\times}28cm$ and three persimmons were packing in each bag. The results are as follows: 1. The persimmons both in polyethylene bags and in desiccators lost only 1 % or less of weight, while in control (1) packing with excelsior (2) or with rice hull (3) the loss was 6-7 % in weight after $2{\sim}3$ months. The persimmons became visibly shriveled and spongy-like in it's texture when it lost 5 % of weight. 2. Carbon dioxide content within the polyethylene bags and desiccators rapidly increased during the early storage period, and reached 5 % (in 0.03 mm polyethylene bags) to 50 % or more (in desiccator) after 1 month. In the polyethylene bags of 0.08 mm and desiccator, the carbon dioxide accumulated to a dangerous level and the persimmon showed physiological damage in a longer storage period. 3. The advance of after-ripening and deterioration of persimmon sealed in the polyethylene bags was slower than that in open bags when moved out to room temperature from the chilling and the polyethylene bags of 0.06 mm retarded the after-ripening most effectively. 4. On the basis of these results, a temperature of $0^{\circ}C$, relative humidity of almost $85{\sim}100%$ and combinations of 5 % oxygen and $5{\sim}8%$ carbon dioxide seem to be the optimum condition for the storage of persimmon (Teabong-Si). The most successful method of storing was to pack them in polyethylene bags of 0.06 mm and then to store them at $0^{\circ}C$.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.777-783
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• 2010

본 연구는 건조 연근을 포장방법(PE 필름, PP 필름, 마대, 종이봉투)과 저장온도(-5, 0, 10, $20^{\circ}C$)를 달리하여 품질의 변화를 알아보기 위해서 수분함량, 경도변화, 색도를 조사하였다. 저장기간 동안 수분의 함량은 PE, PP 포장재에서 종이봉투 및 마대 처리구 보다 수분함량이 높았으며, 저장온도가 낮을수록 수분함량이 낮게 나타났다. 한편, 마대와 종이봉투 포장재는 온도에 따 시료간의 수분함량 차이에 있어서 PE와 PP의 포장재와 달리 큰 차이를 나타냈다. 색상은 $-5^{\circ}C$에 저장한 마대 및 종이봉투는 저장 330일까지 h값이 안정적인 경향을 나타내었으나 0, $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 마대, 종이봉투 포장재는 안정적이지 못한 경향을 나타냈다. 경도는 온도에 의해 약간 차이가 나지만 PE와 PP포장재가 다른 포장재보다 경도 값이 높았으며 또한 부패현상, 갈변반응 억제도 효과적인 결과를 나타냈다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.312-318
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• 2008

추황배'에서 칼슘이 코팅된 이중봉지를 이용하여 봉지 물성, 미기상, 과실로의 칼슘 축적 및 과실품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 칼슘처리봉지는 관행봉지와 비교하여 투광율, 인장강도, 온도 및 상대습도는 차이가 없었다. 그러나 칼슘처리 봉지의 과피내 칼슘 함량은 만개 후 65일 부터 160일 까지 관행 봉지보다 현저히 많았다. 그러나 과육에서는 160일에서만 증가되었다. 칼슘처리 농도별 과실내 칼슘함량은 과피에서는 황색이중봉지 12%, 신문이중봉지 9, 12%에서 높았고 과육에서는 황색이중봉지 3%, 신문이중봉지 6, 9, 12%에서 현저히 높았다. 방사성 등위원소를 이용한 과피 및 과실로의 칼슘 축적은 과피는 처리 후 60시간까지 증가였으나 과육 조직은 무처리 과피와 큰 차이는 없었다. 수확시 과실경도는 황색이중봉지는 농도 간 큰 차이는 없었으나, 칼슘 6, 12%처리 신문이중봉지에서 현저한 차이를 보였다. 가용성고형물은 칼슘 6, 9%처리 황색이중봉지와 3, 6, 9%처리 신문이중봉지에서 현저히 높았다. 그러나 봉지내 칼슘처리에 따른 과중 및 과피색 변화는 차이가 없었다.