• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.89-108
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• 2020

Wearable bags are body-worn bags, integrated with clothing or accessories, and they can liberate the wearer's hands, offering enhanced mobility. The main purposes of this research were: a) to analyze wearable bag design cases ranging from historical costumes to contemporary fashion; b) to develop wearable bag designs using various defined design methods, styles, and features and prototypes; and c) to evaluate people's satisfaction with the developed wearable bags and their differences among people with different innovativeness levels. Thus, the wearable bag design cases involved in this study were researched and collected from previous literature searches. then, the wearable bag designs were developed and prototyped. Next. an evaluation survey was conducted using questions that assessed satisfaction with overall design and function, use and purchase intention, and consumer innovativeness. The results are expected to enhance the understanding of wearable bags and provide guidelines for designers who develop wearable bags. The results indicated that 80% or more of the surveyed people were satisfied with the design and function of the developed wearable bags. They perceived that the bags were easy to use and useful, and wanted to use and purchase them. Consumers with high social, functional, and hedonic innovativeness were more satisfied and perceived these wearable bags as easier to use and more useful and wanted to use and purchase them more than consumers with low innovativeness. This study can be helpful to designers developing wearable bags by providing a better understanding of wearable bags and consumer perceptions.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2011

This study examines if men in the 20's and 30's have different preference for bag types according to their age and gender-role identity types in order to provide foundational data for the male bag market to segment its customers and establish marketing strategies. Total 288 questionnaire sheets were distributed to 186 men in the 20's and 102 men in the 30's residing in Busan. First, according to the result of analyzing their preference for bag types, adult men in the 20's and 30's preferred cross bags the most. It was also shown that men who are feminine or androgynous prefer back packs, shoulder bags, and tote bags to the other two types. Second, about cross bags, men in the 20's showed a higher rate of having two or three than those in the 30's. Men in the 20's possessed back packs more than those in the 30's. And men tend to show a lower rate of having shoulder bags compared with that of cross bags or back packs. Men in the 30's possessed briefcases more than those in the 20's. Masculine men had more briefcases than the other types of bags, and androgynous men tend to have more tote bags than the other types of bags. Third, men in the 20's and 30's all deemed that back packs go well with the casual style. Men in the 20's regarded shoulder bags are the type of bags that harmoniously matches all styles including casual or semi-suit; however, men in the 30's think they only suit casual or semi-suit. And it was also found that men in the 20's think briefcases are the type of bags that goes well with various styles of clothes while men in the 20's consider they are the type of bags only matching suits.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.563-573
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• 1996

Macroinvertebrate contribution to the leaf litter breakdown of Carpinus cordata was estimated at headwater streams at Mt. Jumbong (38°03'N, 128°25'E) during spring and winter spring by using two types of litter bag. Coarse-mesh bags with 10 g of leaf letter were placed in a 1st-order stream in April (the spring experiment) and December 1995 (the winter-spring experiment). Fine-mesh bags with 5 g of leaf letter were placed in a nearby 3ed-order steam. The breakdown of Carpinus in coarse-mesh bags was rapid, and, in terms of season, leaf litter processed rapidly during spring. daily mass loss rates of leaf litter (-k±1 SE) were highest for coarse-mesh bags in the spring experiment (-0.0429±0.0048), followed by coarse-mesh bags in the winter-spring (-0.0146±0.0014), fine-mesh bags in the spring (-0.0078±0.0004), fine-mesh bags in the winter-spring experiment (-0.0054±0.0005). Macroinvertebrate contribution to the litter breakdown was estimated by the difference of % leaf letter remaining between coarse -mesh bage and fine-mesh bags. Although shredders were more abundant during the winter-spring, their contribution was greater during the spring (50%) than the winter-spring (22∼33%). This result appeared to be due to the change in the chemical composition of leaf letter during processing, and to the seasonal growth patterns of major shredder taxa.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.164-167
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• 2012

The effects of aeration through lid filters on the hyphal growth of Lentinula edodes (oak mushroom) in sawdust cultivation bags were investigated. The aeration treatment levels were traditional 27 mm hole cotton plugs, cotton balls and combinations of seven hole sizes ${\times}$ two hole positions (up and under) in the lids covering plastic bags containing 1.4 kg sawdust medium at 63% moisture that had been autoclaved for one hour and inoculated with sawdust spawn of L. edodes strain 921. Aeration treatment effects were measured based on the $CO_2$ concentration at the 15th wk, as well as the hyphal growth rate and degree of weight loss of bags every 14 days for 15 wk. In bags with traditional cotton plugs, the $CO_2$ concentration was $3.8{\pm}1.3%$, daily mean hyphal growth was $2.3{\pm}0.6mm$ and daily mean weight loss was $0.84{\pm}0.26g$. In the bags with 15 mm diameter holes, the $CO_2$ concentration was $6.0{\pm}1.6%$, daily hyphal growth was $2.8{\pm}0.2mm$ and daily weight loss was $0.86{\pm}0.4g$. The bags with 15 mm holes had a higher $CO_2$ concentration and lower water loss than bags with other hole sizes, but the hyphal growth was not significantly different from that of other bags. The weight loss of bags increased proportionally relative to the lid hole sizes. Taken together, these results indicate that traditional cotton plugs are economically efficient, but 15 mm hole lids are the most efficient at maintaining hyphal growth and controlling water loss while allowing $CO_2$ emissions.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1632-1642
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• 2021

Objective: The hypothesis was that apparent ileal digestibility (AID), basal endogenous losses, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) are not affected by adding acid to collection containers or bags used to collect ileal digesta from pigs. Methods: Twenty-four growing barrows (initial body weight: 77.8±4.5 kg) that were fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were fed diets for three 7-d periods. An N-free diet and 3 diets containing corn, soybean meal, or wheat middlings as the sole source of AA were used. Within each period, each of the 4 diets were fed to 6 pigs. Among the 6 pigs, digesta from 3 pigs were collected in bags containing no HCl, whereas 40 mL of 3 N HCl was included in the bags used to collect digesta from the remaining 3 pigs. Every other bag collected from each pig was emptied into a container without adding HCl, whereas the remaining bags were added to a container along with 40 mL of 3 N HCl for each bag. All digesta were stored at -20℃ immediately after collection. Data were analyzed using a model that included feed ingredient, HCl in bags, HCl in containers, and all 2-way and 3-way interactions as fixed effects. No 3-way interactions were significant, and data were, therefore, reanalyzed independently for each diet as a 2×2 factorial. Results: There were no interactions between adding HCl to collection bags and to containers, and no effects of adding HCl to collection bags or containers for AID, basal endogenous losses, or SID of most AA were observed. Conclusion: It is not necessary to add acid to digesta collection bags or collection containers if ileal digesta are stored at -20℃ immediately after collection.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.32-51
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• 2022

This study analyzed the characteristics and expression techniques of men's fashion bags and their aesthetic and formative values in modern men's fashion from the perspective of neo-deconstructivism. The study subjects were men's fashion bags appearing in four collections in Paris, Milan, London, and New York in the 2019 S/S-2021 S/S season. As a research method, the characteristics and expression techniques of the new disintegration of men's fashion bags were analyzed and categorized through prior research and literature research. The results of the study are as follows: First, the neoclassical characteristics of men's fashion bags caused 'Re-creation' to appear as the dissolution of the design principle and structure of the bag, and it was derived as 'decomposition of form' and 'decomposition of dress method'. Second, the 'Inclusive Diversity' of modern men's fashion bags of neo-deconstructivism appears in the form of gender demarcation and dissonance coordination. Third, 'Playfulness' in men's fashion bags involves the pursuit of fun through unconventional changes in the shape, size, and design of the bag, and it sometimes provides a fresh, new play experience through unpredictable design elements. Fourth, the 'Pursuit of new values' in male's fashion bags was a characteristic wherein the boundary between DIY attire and daily clothes and high fashion by the individual selection of consumers was blurred. This work is meaningful in that it conducted a basic study of men's fashion bags by examining the modern men's fashion bag from the perspective of the philosophical trend of neo-deconstructivism and categorizing its characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.472-479
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop guidelines for cleaning of enteral nutrition bags by comparing the level of equipment contamination according to cleaning and disinfection methods. Method: This study was a true-experimental study, with 60 cases in total. Twenty cases each were randomly assigned to tepid water, detergent and brush, and disinfectant groups. The period of the experiment was March to April 2010, and enteral nutrition was given for 1 houre, 3 times a day at 7AM, noon, and 7PM for seven days. Enteral nutrition bags were cleaned after each feeding according to assigned cleaning and disinfection method followed by microbial cultures on 4th and 8th day before the 7AM feeding. Results: After 3 days of feeding and cleaning, the level of contamination of bags was not significantly different among the three groups. After seven days, the level of contamination was significantly lower when bags were cleaned with detergent and brush or with disinfectant compared to cleaning with tepid water. Conclusion: In cases where enteral nutrition bags are reused for example, in home care settings, studying findings indicate that cleaning bags using detergent and brush or disinfectant is an effective way to prevent contamination of bags.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1977

The sample persimmons were obtained from the of Yung-am Kun, Korea on October 24, and November 9, 1973. These persimmons were kept at room temperature overnight, then packed and stored on the following day at $0^{\circ}C$ and $85{\sim}100%$ humidity. Seven experimental items were studied : 1. control, 2. packing with excelsior in wooden boxes, 3. packing with rice hull in wooden boxes, 4. packing in bags of 0.03 mm polyethylene membrane, 5. packing in bags of 0.06 mm polyethylene membrane, 6. packing in bags of 0.08 mm polyethylene membrane, 7. packing in sealed desiccators. The dimension of polyethylene bags were $14{\times}28cm$ and three persimmons were packing in each bag. The results are as follows: 1. The persimmons both in polyethylene bags and in desiccators lost only 1 % or less of weight, while in control (1) packing with excelsior (2) or with rice hull (3) the loss was 6-7 % in weight after $2{\sim}3$ months. The persimmons became visibly shriveled and spongy-like in it's texture when it lost 5 % of weight. 2. Carbon dioxide content within the polyethylene bags and desiccators rapidly increased during the early storage period, and reached 5 % (in 0.03 mm polyethylene bags) to 50 % or more (in desiccator) after 1 month. In the polyethylene bags of 0.08 mm and desiccator, the carbon dioxide accumulated to a dangerous level and the persimmon showed physiological damage in a longer storage period. 3. The advance of after-ripening and deterioration of persimmon sealed in the polyethylene bags was slower than that in open bags when moved out to room temperature from the chilling and the polyethylene bags of 0.06 mm retarded the after-ripening most effectively. 4. On the basis of these results, a temperature of $0^{\circ}C$, relative humidity of almost $85{\sim}100%$ and combinations of 5 % oxygen and $5{\sim}8%$ carbon dioxide seem to be the optimum condition for the storage of persimmon (Teabong-Si). The most successful method of storing was to pack them in polyethylene bags of 0.06 mm and then to store them at $0^{\circ}C$.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.777-783
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• 2010

The effects of packaging materials and storage temperature on the quality of dried lotus roots (NelumbonuciferaG.) were studied during 330 days of storage. Using four commercial types of packaging, (PE [polyethylene] film bags, PP [polypropylene] film bags, gunny roll, and paper bags), and four different storage temperatures (-5, 0, 10, and $20^{\circ}C$), changes in moisture content, hardness, color, and sensory qualities of dried lotus roots were investigated. The moisture contents of dried lotus roots stored in PE and PP film bags were higher than those of roots stored in gunny and paper bags. A major difference in moisture content was apparent when roots stored in gunny bags and paper bags were compared. Hue angle values were stable in roots stored in gunny and paper bags at all temperatures. Hardness decreased slightly with increased storage time in PE and PP film bags. Decay rate and marketability of roots stored in PE and PP film bags at $-5^{\circ}C$ were acceptable. The results showed that dried roots packaged with PE and PP were stable in quality, in contrast to roots stored in gunny and paper bags.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.312-318
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• 2008

In a pear fruit 'Chuhwangbae' was investigated the effect of the calcium-coated double paper bag on the physical properties of the paper bag, micro meteorological phenomena, and calcium contents in quality of fruit. The calcium-coated paper bag, compared with official paper bags, did not give any effect on light transmission ratio and tensile strength. The change of the inside relative humidity of the paper bag was a little compared with conventional paper bags, but there was no difference in temperature. The contents of the accumulated calcium of the pericarp was remarkably greater than conventional paper bags during the period of 65 days to 160 days after the full bloom, but the flesh remarkably increased at 160 days. The calcium content per concentration of calcium coating greatly increased in 12% of yellow double paper bags and 9, 12% of newspaper double paper bags in case of the pericarp, and in 3% of yellow double paper bags and 6, 9, 12% of newspaper double paper bags in case of the pericarp. As a result of treatment of a radioactive isotope, the amount of accumulated calcium in the pericarp continued until 60 hours after treatment, but there was no difference in the calcium amount between the flesh and no-treatment pericarp. As to the hardness of fruits at the time of harvest, there was no difference in the concentration in case of a yellow double bags. But newspaper double paper bags 6, 12% was significantly difference. Soluble solid remarkably increased in yellow double paper bags 6, 9% and yellow double paper bags 3, 6, 9%. Also, it did not effect on changes of the pericarp, fruit weight and the color of the pericarp.