• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2016

This study was conducted to observe the association between antioxidant enzyme activity, free iron content and lipid oxidation of Korean native chicken (KNC) meat during refrigerated storage. Four lines of KNC (Yeonsan ogye, Hyunin black, Hoengseong yakdak and Hwangbong) were raised under similar conditions. A total of 16 roosters were randomly sampled and slaughtered at the age of 12 mon. The breast and thigh meats were stored aerobically for 10 d at 4℃. Although thigh meat had higher antioxidant enzyme activity, it was more susceptible to lipid oxidation and released more iron during storage than breast meat. Aerobic refrigerated storage for 10 d significantly decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased the amount of free iron and malondialdehyde. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were negatively correlated with lipid oxidation, whereas that of catalase was not. The amount of free iron was positively associated with lipid oxidation. We concluded that chicken line did not affect strongly on antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid oxidation in breast meat of KNC. However, the thigh meat of Hwangbong and Hyunin black had higher SOD and GSH-Px activity, respectively, and lower malondialdehyde contents than that of other chickens. SOD, GSH-Px and free iron play significant roles in meat lipid oxidation during refrigerated storage.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.301-308
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• 2004

The methane reforming with $CO_2$ and steam for manufacture of synthesis gas over $Ni/ZrO_2$ catalyst was investigated. Mixed reforming carried out $CO_2$ dry reforming with $O_2$ and steam for development of DME process in pilot plant. To improve a catalyst deactivation by coke formation, the mixed reforming added carbon dioxide and steam as a oxidizer of the methane reforming was suggested. The result of experiments over commercial catalyst in $CO_2$ dry reforming has shown that the catalyst activity decrease rapidly after 20 hours. In case of $NiO-MgO/Al_2O_3$ catalyst, the deactivation of 20 percent after 30 hours was occurred. The activity of Ni/C catalyst still was not decreased dramatically after 100 hours. The effect of $H_2$ reforming with steam over $Ni/CO_2$ catalyst obtained the optimal conversion of methane and carbon dioxide, and could be produced synthesis gas at ratio of $H_2/CO$ under 1.5.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.419-422
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• 1999

In order to develop a antimicrobial agent, dried Sophora flavescens Ait. was extracted with several solvents, and than antimicrobial activity was investigated. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracted substance against microorganisms were also examined. Antimicrobial activity of the initial methanol extract from the sample was the strongest compared to those of other solvent extracts such as $H_2O$, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. The methanol extract had strong growth inhibition activity against gram-postive bacteria (MIC, $25~50{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$) such as B. subtilis. Among gram-positive bacteria tested, B. subtilis was the most susceptible to the extracted substance. The antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract from the sample had strong growth inhibition activity against gram-negative bacteria such as P. aeruginosa (MIC, $25{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}$/ml).

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.75-82
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• 2010

Many previous studies based on respiratory characteristics of Idiopathic Parkinson's Diseases (IPD) patients have not controlled related factors appropriately. Accordingly, these studies produced discordant results. Furthermore, there is currently a lack of studies that can provide precise explanations on the characteristics of respiration and phonation. This study included a total of 40 subjects: 20 mixed gender de novo IPD patients ranging in age from 50 to 80 (Hoehn & Yahr stage 1~3), and 20 normal subjects with similar matches for age and gender. All participants were controlled based on their gender, age, height, weight, vocal fold function, cognitive abilities, and depression factors. K-MMSE (Korean-Mini Mental State Examination), nVHI-10 (new Voice Handicap Index), and KGDS (Korean Form of Geriatric Depression Scale) were evaluated to select this study subjects. In order to compare respiratory functions between the two groups, FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC were measured using microQuark, a PC-based spirometer. CSL was used by measure MPT and PAS was used to measure MFR. To investigate the characteristics of phonation ability, CSL was used to measure jitter and shimmer, while PAS was used to measure Psub. In order to compare the respiratory function averages and phonation ability between the two groups, statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 12.0). The results of this study showed that most de novo IPD patients were included in the normal average range of respiratory and phonatory ability. But the respiratory and phonatory ability of de novo IPD patients showed lower tendency as compared with the normal group. When the average of respiratory and phonatory ability among the gender was compared, the difference of males was greater than the difference of females.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2010

High performance liquid chromatographic method with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) has been performed for the simultaneous determination of four marker constituents, paeoniflorin, trans-cinnamic acid, schisandrin and glycyrrhizin in traditional herbal medicinal preparation, So-Cheong-Ryong-Tang (SCRT). The presence of paeoniflorin, trans-cinnamic acid, schisandrin and glycyrrhizin in this decoction was ascertained by retention time, spiking with each authentic standard, UV spectrum and ESI mass spectrum. All four compounds showed good linearity ($r^2$ > 0.998) in a relatively wide concentration ranges. The RSD for intra-day and inter-day precision was less than 3% and the limits of detection (LOD) were less than 30 ng. The mean recovery of each compound was 94.1-113.0% with RSD values less than 3.0%. These results suggest that the developed HPLC method is simple, effective and could be readily utilized as a quality control method for commercial SCRT products.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.206-211
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• 2012

Graphene has recently received high attention as a promising material for various applications, and many related studies have been undertaken to reveal its basic mechanical properties. However, the tribological properties of graphene film fabricated by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method are barely known. In this study, the contact angle and frictional wear characteristics of graphene coated copper film were investigated under room temperature, normal air pressure, and no lubrication condition. The contact angle was measured by sessile drop method and the wear test was carried out under normal loads of 660 mN and 2940 mN, respectively. The tribological behaviors of a graphene coating layer were also examined. Compared to heat treated bare copper foil, the graphene coated one shows a higher contact angle and lower friction coefficient.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.337-345
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate the phenotypes and predominant skeletodental pattern in pre-adolescent patients with Pierre-Robin sequence (PRS). Methods: The samples consisted of 26 Korean pre-adolescent PRS patients (11 boys and 15 girls; mean age at the investigation, 9.20 years) treated at the Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital between 1998 and 2019. Dental phenotypes, oral manifestation, cephalometric variables, and associated anomalies were investigated and statistically analyzed. Results: Congenitally missing teeth (CMT) were found in 34.6% of the patients (n = 9/26, 20 teeth, 2.22 teeth per patient) with 55.5% (n = 5/9) exhibiting bilaterally symmetric missing pattern. The mandibular incisors were the most common CMT (n = 11/20). Predominant skeletodental patterns included Class II relationship (57.7%), posteriorly positioned maxilla (76.9%) and mandible (92.3%), hyper-divergent pattern (92.3%), high gonial angle (65.4%), small mandibular body length to anterior cranial base ratio (65.4%), linguoversion of the maxillary incisors (76.9%), and linguoversion of the mandibular incisors (80.8%). Incomplete cleft palate (CP) of hard palate with complete CP of soft palate (61.5%) was the most frequently observed, followed by complete CP of hard and soft palate (19.2%) and CP of soft palate (19.2%) (p < 0.05). However, CP severity did not show a significant correlation with any cephalometric variables except incisor mandibular plane angle (p < 0.05). Five craniofacial and 15 extra-craniofacial anomalies were observed (53.8% patients); this implicated the need of routine screening. Conclusions: The results might provide primary data for individualized diagnosis and treatment planning for pre-adolescent PRS patients despite a single institution-based data.

• International journal of thyroidology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2018

Background and Objectives: Hypermethylation of the tumor suppressor gene RASSF1A and activating mutation of BRAF gene have been recently reported in thyroid cancers. To investigate the role of these two epigenetic and genetic alterations in thyroid tumor progression, methylation of RASSF1A and BRAF mutation were examined in thyroid tumors. Materials and Methods: During 2007 to 2017, 69 papillary carcinomas, 18 nodular hyperplasia, 3 follicular carcinomas, and 13 follicular adenomas were selected. The methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) technique was used in detecting RASSF1A methylation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single-stranded conformation polymorphism and sequencing were used for BRAF gene mutation study. Results: The hypermethylation of the RASSF1A gene was found in 84.6%, 100% and 57.9% of follicular adenomas, follicular carcinomas, and papillary carcinomas, respectively. Nodular hyperplasia showed a hypermethylation in 33.3%. The BRAF mutation at V600E was found in 60.7% of papillary carcinoma and 27.0% of nodular hyperplasia, but none of follicular neoplasms. The BRAF mutation was correlated with the lymph node metastasis and MACIS clinical stage. There is an inverse correlation between RASSF1A methylation and BRAF mutation in thyroid lesions. Conclusion: Epigenetic inactivation of RASSF1A through aberrant methylation is considered to be an early step in thyroid tumorigenesis, and the BRAF mutation plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of papillary carcinoma, providing a genetic marker.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 2019

Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious trans-boundary viral disease caused by FMD virus, which causes huge economic losses. FMDV infects cloven hoofed (two-toed) mammals such as cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and various wildlife species. To control the FMDV, it is necessary to understand the life cycle and the pathogenesis of FMDV in host. Especially, the protein-protein interaction between FMDV and host will help to understand the survival cycle of viruses in host cell and establish new therapeutic strategies. However, the computational approach for protein-protein interaction between FMDV and pig hosts have not been applied to studies of the onset mechanism of FMDV. In the present work, we have performed the prediction of the pig's proteins which interact with FMDV based on RNA-Seq data, protein sequence, and structure information. After identifying the virus-host interaction, we looked for meaningful pathways and anticipated changes in the host caused by infection with FMDV. A total of 78 proteins of pig were predicted as interacting with FMDV. The 156 interactions include 94 interactions predicted by sequence-based method and the 62 interactions predicted by structure-based method using domain information. The protein interaction network contained integrin as well as STYK1, VTCN1, IDO1, CDH3, SLA-DQB1, FER, and FGFR2 which were related to the up-regulation of inflammation and the down-regulation of cell adhesion and host defense systems such as macrophage and leukocytes. These results provide clues to the knowledge and mechanism of how FMDV affects the host cell.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.431-440
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• 2022

Hanwoo cattle are a unique and historical breed in Korea that have been genetically improved and maintained by the national evaluation and selection system. The aim of this study was to provide information that can help improve the accuracy of the estimated breeding values in Hanwoo cattle by showing the difference between the imputation reference chip platforms of genomic data and the scaling factor of the genetic relationship matrix (GRM). In this study, nine sets of data were compared that consisted of 3 reference platforms each with 3 different scaling factors (-0.5, 0 and 0.5). The evaluation was performed using MTG2.0 with nine different GRMs for the same number of genotyped animals, pedigree, and phenotype data. A five multi-trait model was used for the evaluation in this study which is the same model used in the national evaluation system. Our results show that the Hanwoo custom v1 platform is the best option for all traits, providing a mean accuracy improvement by 0.1 - 0.3%. In the case of the scaling factor, regardless of the imputation chip platform, a setting of -1 resulted in a better accuracy increased by 0.5 to 1.6% compared to the other scaling factors. In conclusion, this study revealed that Hanwoo custom v1 used as the imputation reference chip platform and a scaling factor of -0.5 can improve the accuracy of the estimated breeding value in the Hanwoo population. This information could help to improve the current evaluation system.