• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.1101-1108
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• 2003

We studied the relationship between a civil affair occurrence of bad smell and meteorological conditions around Seongseo district for recent 2 years. The results were as follows; (1) The civil affair occurrence days of bad smell were concentrated from May to August. (2) Daily mean temperatures were mostly 20∼28$^{\circ}C$ and daily mean relative humidities were 60∼80%. (3) Wind speeds were mostly less than 2㎧(75%), and wind directions were southerly winds(50%). It was hardly occurred for relatively well-ventilated conditions in cases of wind speeds 2㎧ over. And the Lagrangian particle dispersion model were used to figure out the transport route in a civil affair occurrence days of bad smell. It was found that the south-western winds transported the bad smelling materials from Jungni-dong(the place of source) to the housing complex located along a piedmont district.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.465-472
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• 2019

오늘날 많은 영역에서 소프트웨어의 사용 범위가 넓어짐에 따라 좋은 소프트웨어 (Good Software)의 개발은 매우 중요하다. 하지만 현실은 소프트웨어 개발의 모든 단계에서 요구사항의 변경이 자주 발생한다. 또한 빈번한 변경으로 인해 설계 복잡성이 증가하여 원래의 설계 목표보다 소프트웨어 품질이 저하될 수 있다. 이러한 문제 해결을 위해, 배드 스멜(Bad Smell) 코드 추출을 위한 코드 가시화 프로세스를 제안한다. 이 방법은 마틴 파울러의 배드 스멜을 기반으로 소스 코드를 식별하여 리팩토링 영역을 가시화 한다. 잦은 요구사항의 변경에도 리팩토링을 통한 소프트웨어의 설계 개선을 기대한다.

• 소프트웨어공학소사이어티 논문지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2013

소프트웨어의 규모는 시간이 지남에 따라 복잡성과 유지보수 비용이 증가한다. 이로 인해 최근 유지보수의 중요성이 더욱 대두되고 있다. 소프트웨어가 진화 할수록 유지보수를 어렵게 하는 징후인 코드의 나쁜 냄새(Bad Smell)가 점점 심해지기 때문에 나쁜 냄새가 나는 코드를 제거하여 유지보수를 용이하게 개선해야 한다. 최근에는 이러한 나쁜 냄새를 위해 소프트웨어 리팩토링 기법에 대한 연구가 많이 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 나쁜 냄새의 한 종류인 긴 매개변수 리스트(Long Parameter List)를 식별하고 해결하여 소프트웨어의 유지보수성을 향상시키는 방안을 제안한다. 제안되는 방안은 매개변수간의 의미적인 유사도를 측정하여 이를 군집화 하여 새로운 객체가 될 수 있는 매개변수들을 식별한다. 제안되는 방안은 경력 있는 객체지향 소프트웨어 개발자들이 군집화한 매개변수리스트와의 비교를 통해 평가되고, 그 결과가 통계적으로 검증된다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2013

In this study, an exhaust filter unit for removing bad smells is designed and manufactured to understand the characteristics, damages, and effects on humans and animals of bad smell substances in laboratory animal breeding facilities. Using the exhaust filter unit, a deodorization performance test using ammonia gas, as a typical bad smell in an animal breeding room, was carried out for three types of activated and impregnated charcoal filters. The experimental results showed that the pressure loss of the HEPA and carbon filter was increased with flow rate and that the average deodorization performance for the case where an impregnated carbon filter was installed was a maximum value of between 93 and 96%, with various fractional flow rates ranging from 1,500 to $3,500m^3/h$ in a laboratory animal breeding room. The experimental results will also be used for the design and manufacture of a practical and efficient exhaust filter unit to cope with bad smell problems in animal breeding facilities.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2013

The perpose of this study is to report the effect of oriental demonstration treatment for Acne. Acne is an facial skin problems with depress, white head on the facial skin and bad smell. Objectives We experienced one case of Acne through acupuncture, cupping, herbal medication and herbal patch. 24 years old female patient suffered from acne with bad smell and depress. Method She was taken 23 times of acupuncture and cupping treatment, 30days of taking herb medicine and 7days for herbal patch(brand named Lee Myung Lae patch). Results After 23 times treatment her acne symtoms was improved. Conculusion Asian medical treatment could be safe and effective to American patient.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of the indoor environmental factors of dental hygienists on physical symptoms. Methods : The subjects were 210 dental hygienists in dental hospitals and clinics in Seoul, Gyeonggi Province, Incheon and South Chungnam Province from May 1 to June 20, 2013. Results : There were significant differences between the presence or absence of windows in respiratory symptoms and eye symptoms. Room temperature, bad smell, and dry humidity had significant influences on physical and respiratory symptoms. Dermatological and ophthalmological symptoms were affected by dryness, smell and dusts. Dusts and bad smell also had influences on a variety of subjective symptoms. Conclusions : The indoor environments of dental hospitals and clinics affect the respiratory, dermatological, and ophthalmological symptoms because various hazardous materials are generated by the dental treatment. Therefore dental hygienists should have a correct understanding of bacteria, dusts and bio-aerosol in order to ensure the successful environmental control.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.3-8
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• 2011

This study was carried out for analysing the relationship of environmental factors and the reduction rate of land compensation of six urban development projects near waste landfill sites located in the Seoul metropolitan area. For a close investigation, 24 variables were selected but only 4 environmental variables were identified to have high correlation to the reduction rate of compensation. These are fine particles(PM10), bad smell, the ratio of a greening zone of land and park, and the distance in straight line from the landfill site. Two variables-PM10 and bad smell-were found to have an effect on the average reduction rate of land compensation by correlation analysis. On the other hand, the ratio of a greening zone and the distance in straight line from the landfill site have been rejected for the significance test. The result of regression analysis of six models for the search of affecting variables on the reduction rate of compensation is that PM10 and bad smell have the impact ratio of more than 0.5. But the ratio of greening zone and the distance from the landfill are not significant factors, having the impact ratio of 0.025~0.045 except one model.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.915-934
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• 2020

Software refactoring is a process to restructure an existing software code while keeping its external behavior the same. Currently, various refactoring techniques are being used to develop more readable and less complex codes by improving the non-functional attributes of software. Refactoring can further improve code maintainability by applying various techniques to the source code, which in turn preserves the behavior of code. Refactoring facilitates bug removal and extends the capabilities of the program. In this paper, an exhaustive review is conducted regarding bad smells present in source code, applications of specific refactoring methods to remove that bad smell and its effect on software quality. A total of 68 studies belonging to 32 journals, 31 conferences, and 5 other sources that were published between the years 2001 and 2019 were shortlisted. The studies were analyzed based on of bad smells identified, refactoring techniques used, and their effects on software metrics. We found that "long method", "feature envy", and "data class" bad smells were identified or corrected in the majority of studies. "Feature envy" smell was detected in 36.66% of the total shortlisted studies. Extract class refactoring approach was used in 38.77% of the total studies, followed by the move method and extract method techniques that were used in 34.69% and 30.61% of the total studies, respectively. The effects of refactoring on complexity and coupling metrics of software were also analyzed in the majority of studies, i.e., 29 studies each. Interestingly, the majority of selected studies (41%) used large open source datasets written in Java language instead of proprietary software. At the end, this study provides future guidelines for conducting research in the field of code refactoring.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.843-852
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• 2011

Objectives : The aims of the study were to examine perceived oral malodor and self-reported need for oral and dental care among patients receiving oral prophylaxis services and provide guidelines for developing educational programs(toothbrushing method and tongue cleaning) for oral hygiene and oral malodor prevention. Methods : The survey was administered to a sample of 462 receiving voluntary oral prophylaxis service in a dental laboratory at the J School of Public Health in Korea. The subjects were asked a range of questions related to the degrees of perceived oral malodor and concern for oral health status, as well as their demographic information and need for oral and dental treatment. Univariate analyses using Chi-square and T-test with a P-value of .05 were performed using SPSS Version 12.0 for Windows. Results : 1. Male participants reported "moderately concerned for bad breath and smell" and "I don't care bad breath and smell" 39.1% and 26.2% respectively, while more female participants were concerned for oral malodor. "moderately concerned for malodor" and" highly concerned for malodor" 41.1% and 28.5%(p<.05). a significant difference among age groups was found. 19% of young adults (less than or equal to 29 years of age) reported "highly concerned for bad breath and smell" while 36.4% of older adults (greater than or equal to 50 years of age) reported "highly concerned for bad breath and smell"(p<.05). 2. 12 non-smoking participants (3.7%) and 15 smoking participants (10.8%) reported that they have perceived bad breadth and smell (p<.05). 3. Smoking participants reported a higher degree of need for oral malodor treatment than that of non-smoking participants 88.5% and 82% respectively(p<.05). 4. The participants who did regular toothbrushing more than 3 times a day reported "no malodor", 77 % as compared to 66.7% of the participants who did regular toothbrushing 2 times a day. Toothbrushing 2 times a day reported either "moderate malodor" or "sever malodor"(p<.01). Participants with more frequent toothbrushing reported less oral and breath odor as compared participants with less frequent toothbrushing. Conclusions : The study suggested that there is a need to oral prophylaxis for prevention and toothbrushing and tongue cleaning method oral malodor care and oral health status.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.633-644
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• 2007

The study results regarding the ingredient differences, sensory characteristics, purchasing type, usage and improvement direction for home-made traditional doenjang and factory produced commercial doenjang are as follows. The L-value indicates that home-made traditional doenjang has a higher value in average than the factory produce done, and the a-value indicates the opposite. Home-made traditional doenjang had higher water content than commercial doenjang ; however the pH values of commercial doenjang and home-made were 5.34 and 5.32 respectively, which was very similar. Factory produced commercial doenjang showed higher protein content than the home-made traditional doenjang. Regarding the correlation between ingredients, there was a significantly negative relationship between the L-value and a-value but a significantly positive relationship between the L-value and b-value. There were no significant relationship with water content, pH and protein content. For the color and taste, which are the sensory characteristics, commercial doenjang showed higher value than the traditional doenjang, but for smell, the values were similar. Regarding grittiness, the factory produced commercial doenjang had bigger particles than the traditional doenjang. Preference was a bit higher in the traditional doenjang. Of the 380 study subjects, most were from 40 to 49 years old (65.5%), and the most family type were nuclear families which was a total of 400 people (69%). Moreover, the most residential type was apartment which was 355people (61.2%), and for the monthly income, more than 2,510,000won was 48.3%. For the educational background, college education was 304 people (52.4%), and high school education was 199 people, 34.3%. In the usage, most of the people eat doenjang more than once a week, and usually their parents make the doenjang. People used both commercial doenjang and home-made traditional doenjang >home-made only >factory produced commercial doenjang only in that order. The reasons for using the home-made traditional doenjang aredelicate taste and flavor>more nutritious> anti-cancer ingredients in that order. The reason they use the factory produced commercial doenjang is because they don't know how to make it at home. The things that needed to be improved in the home-made traditional doenjang are bad smell> entire quality> flavor> color in order, indicating that studies for reducing bad smell are required. The things that needed to be improved in the factory produced commercial doenjang are taste & flavor> entire quality>bad smell> color in that order, indicating that people are more concern about it tasting like home-made than the smell. From the above results, we can see that better functional doenjang should be developed for family health and to increase the consumption of the doenjang, which has good functional psychological activities, also more various types of foods that use doenjang and scientific studies to reduce the home-made doenjang smell should be continuously studied. Moreover, studies on how to make the factory produced commercial doenjang taste more like traditional doenjang should be performed.