• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.724-726
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• 2001

The growth of baceriophage T4 is inhibited by the presence of the tin gene product o bacteriophage P2. The interaction between purified Tin and gp32 proteins was observed using coimmunoprecipitation experiments. The in vivo interaction was confirmed by yeast two-hybrid experiments. A deletion analysis showed that the Asp 163 region of gp32 to DNA substrates was not affected by the presence of Tin, Thus, it would appear that the inhibition of 4 growth by Tin was due to a protein-protein interaction rather than affecting the DNA-binding ability of gp32.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.1015-1020
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• 2012

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of bacteriophage supplementation on egg performance, egg quality, excreta microflora, and moisture content in laying hens. A total of 288 Hy-line brown commercial laying hens (36-wk-old) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments in this 6-wk trial and dietary treatments included: i) CON, basal diet; ii) T1, CON+0.020% bacteriophage; iii) T2, CON+0.035% bacteriophage; iv) T3, CON+0.050% bacteriophage. There were 6 replicates for each treatment with 6 adjacent cages (2 hens/cage). Laying hens in T2 and T3 treatments had higher (p<0.05) egg production than those in CON and T1 treatments during wk 0 to 3. In addition, egg production in T1, T2, and T3 treatments was increased (p<0.05) compared with that in CON treatment during wk 4 to 6. At wk 4 and 5, birds in T2 group had higher (p<0.05) HU than those in CON. In addition, at wk 5 and 6, HU in birds fed T1 and T3 diets was greater (p<0.05) than those fed CON diet. E. coli and Salmonella spp. concentrations in excreta were decreased (p<0.05) by T1, T2, and T3 treatments. However, egg weight, egg shell color, yolk height, yolk color unit, egg shell strength, egg shell thickness, egg gravity, and excreta moisture content were not influenced by dietary treatments during the entire experimental period. In conclusion, bacteriophage supplementation has beneficial effects on egg production, egg albumen, and excreta microflora concentration in laying hens.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.52-56
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• 1987

The evidences that Lam B protein of E. coli is used as a receptor for infections of bacteriophage N4 as well as bacteriophage lambda were obtained from the following experimental results. First, all of the isolated lambda resistant dlones possessing foreign DNA fragments in the plasmids were also resistant to bacteriophage N4, but not to bacteriophage $\phi$ 80, T4 and T7. Second, when the plasmid DNA was treated with various restriction enzymes and ligated to delete the total or a portion of the foreign DNA fragments, the deleted plasmids lost the resistant activities to lambda and N4, simultaneously. Third, after amplification of Lam B protein about 200 times by inducing the protein using maltose as a sole carbon source, the host E. coli became sensitive to both lambda and N4.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2015

In order to control Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, a novel virulent bacteriophage PM2 was isolated. Bacteriophage PM2 can infect 48% of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and 78% of P. carotovorum subsp. brasilliensis but none of atrosepticum, betavasculorum, odoriferum and wasabiae isolates had been infected with PM2. PM2 phage belongs to the family Myoviridae, and contains a large head and contractile tail. It has a 170,286 base pair genome that encodes 291 open reading frames (ORFs) and 12 tRNAs. Most ORFs in bacteriophage PM2 share a high level of homology with T4-like phages including IME08, RB69, and JS98. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequence of terminase large subunits confirmed that PM2 is classified as a T4-like phage. It contains no integrase- or no repressor-coding genes related to the lysogenic cycle, and lifestyle prediction using PHACT software suggested that PM2 is a virulent bacteriophage.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.221-226
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• 1990

Bacillu circulans F-2를 포함한 B.circulans의 prophage와 bacteriocin을 검출하기 위하여, mitomycin C를 처리하고 전자현미경상, plaque 형성능(plaque-forming activity), 세균세포살균능(killing activtiy)을 실험했다. killing activity 양성균으로부터 서당밀도균배원심(sucrose gradient centrifugation)을 통해 bacteriophage-like particle의 존재를 확인하였다. 이들 입자들은 형태학적으로 phage tail 또는 T4 phage와 닮은 구조를 가지고 있었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.426-431
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 마그네슘-철 층상이중수산화물(Mg-Fe LDH)을 이용하여 인공 지하수에서 바이러스를 제거하는 것이다. Mg-Fe LDH를 이용한 박테리오파지 T7의 제거를 관찰하기 위하여 다양한 실험조건에서 회분실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과, Mg-Fe LDH에 의한 T7 제거는 빠른 반응으로써, 2~3시간 안에 평형에 도달하였다. Mg-Fe LDH의 T7 제거능은 $1.57{\times}10^8pfu/g$이었고, 제거율은 96%이었다. 또한, pH 6.2~9.1 범위에서 용액 pH가 T7 제거에 미치는 영향은 미미하였다. 음이온들($SO_4^{2-}$, $CO_3^{2-}$, $HPO_4^{2-}$)이 T7 제거에 미치는 영향은 중요하였는데, 이유는 이들 음이온들이 LDH상의 흡착지점에 T7과 경쟁하기 때문이다. 반면, 질산염($NO_3^-$)이 T7 제거에 미치는 영향은 미미하였다. 본 연구에 의하면, Mg-Fe LDH는 흡착제로써 수처리 과정에서 바이러스제거에 적용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.209-218
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• 1995

본 연구에서는 유전자 복제기작을 생화학적, 분자생물학적 방법을 사용하여 bacteriphage T7을 대상으로 연구하였다. Bacteriophage T7의 유전자 복제, 재조합, 수선시 필수 단백질로 작용하는 gene 2.5 단백질의 생체내 기능에 대한 유전학적 연구와 단백질을 분리 정제하여 복제 단백질들과의 상호작용에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 연구결과 gene 2.5 단백질은 DNA복제시 필수 구성단백질로 작용하며, 복제과정에서 유전자 복제에 관여하는 핵심 단백질들인 DNA polymerase, helicase/primase와 직접 단백질-단백질 상호 협동 작용을 하는 r것을 증명하였다. 특히 gene 2.5 단백질의 C-terminal domain이 절편된 변이체의 경우 복제 단백질들과 상호작용이 결여되었다. 따라서 C-terminal domain이 gene 2.5 단백질의 기능에 필수적으로 관여함을 입증하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1629-1635
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• 2016

A novel bacteriophage, PBES 02, infecting Cronobacter sakazakii was isolated and characterized. It has a spherical head of 90 nm in diameter and a tail of 130 nm in length, and belongs to Myoviridae as observed under a transmission electron microscope. The major virion protein appears to be 38 kilodaltons (kDa) in size. The latent period of PBES 02 is 30 min and the burst size is 250. Infectivity of the phage remained intact after exposure to temperatures ranging from 4℃ to 55℃ for 1 h. It was also stable after exposure to pHs ranging from 6 to 10 for 1 h. The phage effectively removed contaminating Cronobacter sakazakii from broth infant formula. PBES 02 has a double-stranded DNA genome of 149,732 bases. Its GC ratio is 50.7%. Sequence analysis revealed that PBES 02 has 299 open reading frames (ORFs) and 14 tRNA genes. Thirty-nine ORFs were annotated, including 24 related to replication and regulation functions, 10 related to structural proteins, and 5 related to DNA packaging. The genome of PBES 02 is closely related to that of two other C. sakazakii phages, CR3 and CR8. Comparison of DNA sequences of genes encoding the major capsid protein revealed a wide geographical distribution of related phages over Asia, Europe, and America.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.396-402
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• 1982

RNase Ⅲ, RNase E, 및 RNase P가 각각 홀로 또는 복합적으로 결핍되는 E. coli 돌연변이 균주들 내에서의 박테리오파지 T4 tRNA의 전구 RNA로 부터의 합성을 연구하였다. RNase E$^-$균주에서는 9S RNA로 볼 수 있는 한 RNA 띠가 축적되었으며 RNase$ P^-$균주에서는 6S 이중띠의 하부띠가 축적되었다. RNase Ⅲ$^-$균주에서는 T4 tRNA 유전인자 떼(cluster)에 의하여 코드되는 (coded) tRNA$^{Gln}$의 생성이 심하게 억제되며 T4 DNA에 의하여는 코드되지만 T4 tRNA 유전인자 떼에 의하여 코드 되는 6S 이중 띠의 상부 띠는 RNase Ⅲ$^+$균주의 경우에 비하여 더 크게 축적된다. 그러나 6S 이중 띠의 상부 띠 RNA와 tRNA$^{Gln}$ 사이에는 precursor-product 관계가 없다고 판단되며 RNase Ⅲ이 precursor RNA을 가수분해 절단 한다고 생각하는 개념을 지지할만한 근거가 없음을 지적할 수 있다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.340-352
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• 2024

This study measured the potential changes of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract and energy and nutrient digestibility by supplemental bacteriophages in pigs. Twelve castrated male pigs (initial mean body weight = 29.5 ± 2.3 kg) were surgically cannulated using T-cannula. The animals were housed individually in pens equipped with a feeder and a nipple waterer. The pigs were allotted to 1 of 3 experimental diets in a quadruplicated 3 × 2 Latin square design with 3 experimental diets, 2 periods, and 12 pigs resulting in 8 replicates per diet. The 3 diets were a control mainly based on corn and soybean meal with no antibiotics or bacteriophages, a diet containing 0.1% antibiotics, and a diet containing 0.2% bacteriophages. On day 5 of the experimental period, feces were collected and on days 6 and 7, ileal digesta were collected. Genomic DNA for bacteria were extracted from the ileal digesta and feces and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified. The ileal and fecal digestibility of energy, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and fiber was unaffected by dietary antibiotics or bacteriophages. At the phylum level, the supplemental antibiotic or bacteriophage tended to result in a higher proportion of Firmicutes (p = 0.059) and a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes (p = 0.099) in the ileal digesta samples compared with the control group with no difference between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups. At the genus level, the supplemental antibiotic or bacteriophage tended to result in a higher proportion of Lactobacillus (p = 0.062) and a lower proportion of Bacteroides (p = 0.074) and Streptococcus (p = 0.088) in the ileal digesta compared with the control group with no difference between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups. In the feces, supplemental antibiotics or bacteriophages reduced the proportion of Bifidobacterium compared with the control group (p = 0.029) with no difference between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups. Overall, supplemental antibiotics and bacteriophages showed positive effect on the microbiota of in the ileal digesta without largely affecting energy or nutrient digestibility, with no differences between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups in growing pigs.