• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.78-78
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• 2022

Food productivity in North Korea is about 50% lower than in South Korea. In order to increase the productivity of major crops, it is necessary to develop early maturing, disease resistance, and high-yielding varieties and apply them early. Since the late 1990s, North Korea has been actively developing potatoes, rice and com as major food crops, and soybeans are considered important as a protein-supplying crop. Domestic cultivated varieties, which are expected to be most adaptable eco-climatologically, are mainly selected from soil with high nutrient soil. It is necessary to test separately for adaptability in low organic soil. So it is very necessary to apply technology to improve soil improvement through rotational crop selection in the middle and long-term. Therefore, this study was conducted to test the adaptability to low organic soils of domestic cultivars and to select varieties. In 2021 there are twenty two (22) varieties of soybeans were grown in low organic soil at the field of Chungbuk National University. This year twenty two (22) varieties of soybeans were also grown in low organic soil at the field of Chungbuk National University. Sowing was done on June 10, the planting distance was 70cm × 15cm, after opening the cotyledons fully, the soybeans were thinned and leaving two plants per hole. In addition, various types of growth characteristics and quantitative components were investigated to evaluate the adaptability to low organic soil of domestic varieties. This study was conducted to investigate the growth characteristics and quantitative components of soybean varieties grown in low organic soil. The flowering period of 22 varieties of soybeans was about 14 days from July 22 to August 4. The flowers of the beans were white, purple, light purple and the pubescence color was gray and brown where most of them were gray. The highest plant height was up to 130.4 cm and lowest was 20.3 cm, highest stem length was up to 119.5 cm and lowest was 15.3 cm. Highest first pod height (FPH) was up to 34.0 cm and lowest was 3.0 cm. Highest stem diameter was up to 15.76mm and lowest was 1.76 mm. Number of main stem nodes was up to 19 and at least 1. Number of branch was up to 10 and at least 0. The number of pod per plant was up to 121. Bacterial pustule has been spread in soybean field.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.357-372
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• 2011

We carried out the experiment to select the suitable sprout soybean varieties for environment-friendly cultivation in paddy field of southern part area, compares of excess moisture injury degree and yield ability among 29 sprout soybean varieties. Plant growth of sprout soybean was generally low in beginning and recovered after flowering due to rainfall. In paddy field cultivation, number of pod per individual and number of seed per individual were less in difference than upland cultivation, and maturing date was delayed 5-14 days than upland cultivation in most species. When environment-friendly cultivation, pest injury was not caused major problem for the growth during the vegetative period of soybean due to ground spider as natural enemy to insect pest. However, damage of stink bugs showed severe during grain filling period, and Dawonkong, Anpyeongkong, Dachaekong and Wonhwangkong showed susceptible to sting bug. SMV infection was weak and showed some necrosis symptoms in Sokangkong, but black root rot was not infected at all. Bacterial pustule began to be infected slowly from pod enlargement stage in most species, displayed severe symptoms in Dawonkong, Pungsannamulkong, Seonamkong and Sobaeknamulkong. The symptoms of pod anthracnose, pod blight and purple spot were greatly appeared after flowering. Disease resistance varieties was Paldokong, Kwangankong, Doremikong, Somyeongkong, Pungsannamulkong, Iksa-namulkong, Seonamkong, Sojinkong, Pureunkong, Bosugkong, Namhaekong and Sorokkong. Lodging index showed 3 in Saebyeolkong, and other species displayed slight lodging in 0-3 degree. 100-seed weight is 9.8-17.2g extent and increased 0.1-3.7g than upland cultivation in most species, but decreased in some species. Government purchase standard, species correspond to small-seed-size namulkong (Sizing screen diameter 4.0-5.6 mm) was Dawonkong, Dachaekong, Bosugkong, Seonamkong, Sokangkong, Hannamkong, Somyeongkong and Wonhwangkong. Species which seed yield was higher than Pungsannamulkong (266kg/10a) were Sorokkong, Hannamkong, Bosugkong and Sowonkong. Considering sprout soybean species, disease endurance, insect resistance, lodging resistance, 100-seed weight, yield ability and excess moisture tolerances synthetically, Seonamkong, Hannamkong, Doremikong, Bosugkong, Pungwonkong, Kwangankong, Sowonkong, Dagikong, Paldokong, Eunhakong and Pungsannamulkong were promising for environment-friendly cultivation in paddy field.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.640-644
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• 2009

A new sprout-soybean cultivar, "Sohwang" was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2008. "Sohwang" was selected from a cross between Pungsan and Pungsan/Nattosan. The preliminary, advanced, and regional yield trials to evaluate the performance of Iksan 58 were carried out from 2004 to 2008. This cultivar has a determinate growth habit with purple flower, grayish brown pubescence, yellow seed coat, Yellow hilum, lanceolate leaflet shape and small seed size (8.5 grams per 100 seeds). The maturity date of "Sohwang" is 10 days earlier than the check variety, "Pungsan". It has a good seed quality for soybean-sprout. The soybean-sprouts grown from "Sohwang" have high isoflavone ($3,041{\mu}g/g$)contents. This cultivar has resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and necrotic symptom (SMV-N), and other most troublesome soybean diseases which are bacterial pustule and black root rot. Especially, "Sohwang" has useful characteristics, such as lodging and shattering resistance. The average yield of "Sohwang" was 2.69 ton per hectare in the carried out for three years from 2006 to 2008 regional yield trials(RYT) for double cropping.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.668-673
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• 2010

A new black seed coat soybean cultivar, 'Heugseong' was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2008. The goal to breed the black seed coat soybean is to develop the cultivar with large seed size, high yield, lodging tolerance, and resistance to disease such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and bacterial pustule. 'Heugseong' was selected from the cross between 'Gnome85', showing yellow seed coat, lodging tolerance, and high yield, and 'Cheongja', showing green cotyledon, and black seed coat. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for this cultivar were carried out from 2004 to 2008. It has determinate growth habit, purple flower, brown pubescence, brown pod color, black seed coat, yellow cotyledon, elongated seed shape, oval leaf shape and large seed size (29.2 grams per 100 seeds). It was 4 days later in maturity than the check cultivar 'Ilpumgeomjeongkong'. 'Heugseong' was better than the check cultivar in the seed quality of isoflavone contents(1,913 ${\mu}g/g$). It has good adaptability for cooking with rice in ratio of water absorption and seed hardness, for physics of black tofu, and for fermented black soybean paste. The average yield of 'Heugseong' was 2.37 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials carried out in six locations of Korea from 2006 to 2008.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.690-694
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• 2010

A new soybean cultivar for soy-paste, 'Daeyang', was developed from the cross among 'Jangyeobkong', 'Hwaeomputkong' and 'Suwon192' by the soybean breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2007. A promising line, SS97214-80-1, was selected and named this line 'Milyang163'. It was prominent and had good result from regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) for three years from 2005 to 2007 and released as the name of 'Daeyang'. It has a determinate growth habit, purple flower, grey pubescence, yellow seed coat, yellow hilum, large spherical seed (25.2 g per 100 seeds). 'Daeyang' is resistant to soybean mosaic virus and moderately resistant to bacterial pustule, the major soybean disease in Korea. The average yield of 'Daeyang' was 2.58 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials (RYT) carried out for three years from 2005 to 2007 which was 3 percent higher than the check variety, 'Taekwang'.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.267-271
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• 2010

A new black seed coat soybean cultivar, 'Daeheug', was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2007. The breeding goal for black seed coat soybean is to develop the cultivar with large seed size, high yield, lodging tolerance, and resistance to disease such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and bacterial pustule. 'Daeheug' was selected from the cross between 'Daehwang' which had yellow seed coat, large seed size, and late maturity, and 'Milyang 79' which was lodging tolerant, and SMV resistant with medium seed size, black seed coat, and yellow cotyledon. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection of this cultivar were carried out from 2003 to 2007. It has determinate growth habit, purple flower, brown pubescence, brown pod color, black seed coat, yellow cotyledon, spherical flattened seed shape, oval leaf shape and large seed size (34.3 g/100 seeds). In maturity, 'Daeheug' was 2 days later than the check cultivar 'Ilpumgeomjeongkong'. In the seed quality such as isoflavone contents ($635{\mu}g/g$), and anthocyanin contents ($11.2m{\ell}/g$ of seed coat), 'Daeheug' was better than the check cultivar. It has good adaptability for cooking with rice in ratio of water absorption and seed hardness. Specially, it has good processability for soybean tea with 2.13 absorbance at 530 nm, scavenge activity of DPPH radical was high, and contents of total phenolics was $1,263{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The average yield of 'Daeheug' was 2.26 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials (RYT) carried out in six locations of Korea from 2005 to 2007.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.721-726
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• 2010

'Nampung', a new soybean cultivar for soy-paste, was developed from the cross between Suwon190 and 'Pokwangkong' by soybean breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2007. A promising line, SS97215-S-S-20, was selected and designated as the name of Milyang162. It was prominent and had good result from regional adaptation yield trials(RYT) for three years from 2005 to 2007 and was released as the name of 'Nampung'. It has a determinate growth habit, white flower, brown pubescence, yellow seed coat, light brown hilum, medium spherical seed (19.9 grams per 100 seeds). 'Nampung' is resistant to soybean mosaic virus and bacterial pustule, the major soybean disease in Korea. It is possible to harvest of 'Nampung' using combine because of it's lodging tolerance, few branches, and high position of pod attachment. The average yield of 'Nampung' is 2.97 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials (RYT) carried out for three years from 2005 to 2007 which is 21 percent higher than the check variety, 'Taekwang'.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.478-484
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• 2018

A soybean cultivar "Chamol" for double cropping for use as soy-paste and tofu was developed using a pedigree method in 2011 as a cross between "Shinpaldal2" and "Keunol." A promising line, SS99502-2B-89-1-3-4-1-1, was selected and designated as "Milyang210". It was promising and showed good results from regional yield trials (RYTs) for 3 years from 2009 to 2011 and released with the name "Chamol." It has a determinate growth habit, white flowers, gray pubescence, yellow seed coat, yellow hilum, spherical seed shape, and large seeds (27.7 g per 100 seeds). The maturity date of "Chamol" was September 18 (100 day growing period) in RYT and it is suitable for double cropping with winter crops such as onion. "Chamol" was resistant to bacterial pustule and soybean mosaic virus and tolerant to lodging in fields. Furthermore, the average yield of "Chamol" was 2.51 ton/ha in the regional yield trials conducted for 3 years from 2009 to 2011.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.475-481
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• 2019

The soybean cultivar 'Neulchan' was developed for production of soy-paste and tofu. SS91501-9-1-1 and SS96205 (F₂) were crossed in 1998, and F₃ to F₇ were selected by the pedigree method. A preliminary yield trial (PYT) and an advanced yield trial (AYT) were conducted from 2006 to 2008, and a regional yield trial (RYT) in nine regions was conducted from 2009 to 2011. In the RYT, 'Neulchan' was stable in variable environments and generated high yield. 'Neulchan' was determinate with white flower, light brown pod color, yellow spherical seed, and yellow hilum. Its flowering date and maturity date were Jul. 30 and Oct. 9, respectively. The plant height was shorter than that of 'Daewonkong' (a standard cultivar). 'Neulchan' had the same node number (14), higher first-pod height (12 cm), and lighter seed weight (21.7 g/100-seed weight) than those of 'Daewonkong' (14, 11, and 24.2 g/100-seed weight, respectively). 'Neulchan' had high resistance to bacterial pustule, and its resistance to soybean mosaic virus was similar to that of 'Daewonkong'. The yield and color of 'Neulchan' tofu were similar to those of 'Daewonkong' tofu, but the hardness was lower than that of 'Daewonkong' tofu. The soybean malt scent, fermented soybean yield, and γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) of 'Neulchan' were 3, 215%, and 24.6 mg/g, respectively. Its yield in adaptable regions was 307 kg/10a, higher than that of 'Daewonkong'. 'Neulchan' was expected to be cultivated and used widely for soy-paste and tofu production. (Registration No. 4904).

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.496-503
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• 2019

The soybean cultivar, 'Saegeum', has been developed for preparing soy-paste and tofu. The soybean cultivars 'Daepung' and 'SS98207-3SSD-168' were crossed in 2003 to obtain 'Saegeum'. Single seed descent method was used to advance the generation from F₃ to F₅, and the plant lines with promising traits were selected from F₆ to F₇ by pedigree method. The preliminary yield (PYT) and advanced yield trials (AYT) were conducted from 2009 to 2010, and the regional yield trial (RYT) was conducted in 12 regions between 2011 and 2013. The morphological characteristics of 'Saegeum' were as follows: determinate plant type, white flower, tawny pubescence color, and brown pod color. Flowering and maturity dates were August 2, XXXX and October 17, XXXX, respectively. Plant height, first pod height, number of nodes, number of branches, and number of pods were 79 cm, 18 cm, 16, 2.3, and 44, respectively. The seed characteristics of 'Saegeum' were as follows: yellow spherical shape, yellow hilum, and the 100-seed weight was 25.4 g. 'Saegeum' was resistant to bacterial pustule and SMV in the field test, and its lodging resistance was mildly strong, whereas its shattering resistance was excellent. The ability of this cultivar to be processed into tofu, soybean malt, and other fermented products was comparable with that of 'Daewonkong'. The yield of 'Saegeum' in the adaptable regions was 3.02 ton ha^-1. Thus, 'Saegeum' is adaptable to mechanized harvesting because of its high first pod height, as well as lodging and shattering resistance. (Registration number: 5929)