• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1366-1372
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• 2021

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a biocompatible material with a lot of potential. To make BNC commercially feasible, improvements in its production and surface qualities must be made. Here, we investigated the in situ fermentation and generation of BNC by addition of different cellulosic substrates such as Avicel and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and using Komagataeibacter sp. SFCB22-18. The addition of cellulosic substrates improved BNC production by a maximum of about 5 times and slightly modified its structural properties. The morphological and structural properties of BNC were investigated by using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, a type-A cellulose-binding protein derived from Clostridium thermocellum, CtCBD3, was used in a novel biological analytic approach to measure the surface crystallinity of the BNC. Because Avicel and CMC may adhere to microfibrils during BNC synthesis or crystallization, cellulose-binding protein could be a useful tool for identifying the crystalline properties of BNC with high sensitivity.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.587-601
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• 2010

본 총설은 나노셀룰로오스의 원료의 종류, 단리방법과 나노셀룰로오스의 특성 그리고 이를 바탕으로 한 나노복합재의 최근 연구동향을 검토하였다. 나노셀룰로오스를 얻는 원료는 목질자원 및 미생물셀룰로오스 등을 포함하여 다양한 자원이 이용되고 있다. 또 나노셀룰로오스의 단리방법은 물리적, 기계적 및 화학적 방법들이 사용되고 있으며 이들 단리방법에 따라 나노셀룰로오스의 특성은 달랐다. 나노셀룰로오스의 길이와 폭은 사용된 원료 종류와 단리방법에 따라 크게 영향을 받지만 길이는 약 100~300 nm이며 폭은 5~50 nm로 다양하였다. 나노복합재의 제조에는 대부분 수용성 고분자들이 기질로 사용되었으며 2~10%의 나노셀룰로오스로 강화된 나노복합재의 인장강도와 저장탄성계수(E')는 크게 향상되는 경향을 보였다. 소수성 고분자에 사용될 경우 나노셀룰로 오스의 표면을 변화(modification) 시키는 다양한 방법들이 소개되었다. 나노셀룰로오스를 바탕으로 한 나노복합재의 응용은 다양하게 보고되었으나 적합한 응용분야에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 특히 나노셀룰로오스의 이용 확대를 위해서는 목질자원으로부터 나노셀룰로오스를 상업적으로 대량으로 제조할 수 있는 연구와 기술개발이 향후에 필요하다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.617-624
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• 2019

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) which is generally synthesized by several species of bacteria has a wide variety of industrial uses, particularly in the food and material industries. However, the low levels of BNC production during the fermentation process should be overcome to reduce its production cost. Therefore, in this study, we screened and identified a new cellulose-producing bacterium, optimized production of the cellulose, and investigated the morphological properties of the cellulosic materials. Out of 147 bacterial isolates from ripened fruits and traditional vinegars, strain SFCB22-18 showed the highest capacity for BNC production and was identified as Komagataeibacter sp. based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis. During 6-week fermentation of the strain using an optimized medium containing 3.0% glucose, 2.5% yeast extract, 0.24% acetic acid, 0.27% $Na_2HPO_4$, and 0.5% ethanol at $30^{\circ}C$, about 5 g/l of cellulosic material was produced. Both imaging and IR analysis proved that the produced cellulose would be nanoscale bacterial cellulose.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.20.1-20.11
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) membranes incorporated with antimicrobial agents regarding cytotoxicity in fibroblasts of the periodontal ligament (PDLF), antimicrobial activity, and inhibition of multispecies biofilm formation. Materials and Methods: The tested BNC membranes were BNC + 1% clindamycin (BNC/CLI); BNC + 0.12% chlorhexidine (BNC/CHX); BNC + nitric oxide (BNC/NO); and conventional BNC (BNC; control). After PDLF culture, the BNC membranes were positioned in the wells and maintained for 24 hours. Cell viability was then evaluated using the MTS calorimetric test. Antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) was evaluated using the agar diffusion test. To assess the antibiofilm activity, BNC membranes were exposed for 24 hours to the mixed culture. After sonicating the BNC membranes to remove the remaining biofilm and plating the suspension on agar, the number of colony-forming units (CFU)/mL was determined. Data were analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance and the Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn tests (α = 5%). Results: PDLF metabolic activity after contact with BNC/CHX, BNC/CLI, and BNC/NO was 35%, 61% and 97%, respectively, compared to BNC. BNC/NO showed biocompatibility similar to that of BNC (p = 0.78). BNC/CLI showed the largest inhibition halos, and was superior to the other BNC membranes against S. sanguinis (p < 0.05). The experimental BNC membranes inhibited biofilm formation, with about a 3-fold log CFU reduction compared to BNC (p < 0.05). Conclusions: BNC/NO showed excellent biocompatibility and inhibited multispecies biofilm formation, similarly to BNC/CLI and BNC/CHX.