• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제26권10호
• /
• pp.1459-1465
• /
• 2013

Two in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of methylcellulose (MC) on i) bacterial detachment from rice straw as well as ii) inhibition of bacterial attachment and fiber digestibility. To evaluate the effect of MC on fibrolytic bacterial detachment (Exp 1), in vitro bacterial cultures with 0.1% (w/v) MC solution were compared with cultures without MC after 8 h incubation. The effect of MC on inhibition of bacterial attachment was determined by comparing with real-time PCR the populations of F. succinogenes, R. flavefaciens and R. albus established on rice straw pre-treated with 0.1% MC with those on untreated straw after incubation for 0, 6 and 12 h (Exp 2). The major fibrolytic bacterial attachment on rice straw showed significantly lower populations with either the addition of MC to the culture or pre-treated rice straw compared to controls (p<0.05). Also, the digestibility of rice straw with MC was significantly lower compared with control (p<0.05). The F. succinogenes population did not show detachment from rice straw, but showed an inhibition of attachment and proliferation on rice straw in accordance with a decrease of fiber digestion. The detachments of Ruminococcus species co-existed preventing the proliferations with subsequent reduction of fiber degradation by MC during the incubation. Their detachments were induced from stable colonization as well as the initial adhesion on rice straw by MC in in vitro ruminal fermentation. Furthermore, the detachment of R. albus was more sensitive to MC than was R. flavefaciens. These results showed the certain evidence that attachment of major fibrolytic bacteria had an effect on fiber digestion in the rumen, and each of fibrolytic bacteria, F. succinogenes, R. flavefaciens and R. albus had a specific mechanism of attachment and detachment to fiber.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.275-281
• /
• 2014

Aim of this study was to investigate biofilms attached in pipeline of water reuse from the MBR system treating sewage without chlorination in correlation to the outflow water quality. Two general pipe materials: polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE) were employed in the experiment. The peak growths were found at week 4 in both pipes. The maximum biofilms in PE pipe was $33mgVSS/cm^2$ with the growth rate of $4.75mgVSS/cm^2-d$ which was significant higher than that of PVC pipe. Biofilms examined by PCR-DGGE technique revealed five bacterial species in PE biofilms namely Sinorhizobium medicae WSM419, Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234, Geobacter sp. M18, Parachlamydia acanthamoebae UV-7, and Mycobacterium chubuense NBB4. The VSS concentrations in outflow had directly correlated to the biofilm attachment and detachment. High COD concentrations of outflow appeared during biofilm detaching phase. In summary, water quality of reuse water corresponded to the biofilms attachment and detachment in the pipeline.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제33권9호
• /
• pp.692-700
• /
• 2011

전기장을 이용한 생물막 제어 기술은 기존의 소독제 및 항균제를 이용한 방법을 대체하기 위한 제어기술로써 연구되어 왔다. 본 기술은 화학적 소독제나 항균제를 사용하지 않고 전자전달을 토대로 생물막을 제어한다는 점에서 환경적으로 이로운 면이 있다. 현재까지 연구된 정기장을 이용한 생물막 제어방법은 기작에 따라 (1) 음전류에서의 정전기적 반발작용을 통한 미생물 부착 제어, (2) 양전류 상에서의 미생물 거동을 이용한 미생물 부착 제어, (3) 직접산화반응에 의한 미생물 불활성화, (4) 바이오일렉트릭 효과에 의한 생물막 불활성화 효과로 분류할 수 있다. 본 총설에서는 주요 선행연구를 통해 전기장을 이용한 생물막 제어 기술에 대하여 살펴보고, 적용사례들을 소개하고자 한다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제14권12호
• /
• pp.1163-1170
• /
• 2005

The microbial adsorption characteristics of two different media for biological treatment were studied using attached diverse microbes onto activated carbon and ceramic. The results in the experiments of the characteristics of physical adhesion on two different media with addition of high and low concentrated substrate in the culture were observed that the efficient of adhesion onto F-400 activated carbon was higher over that of ceramic due to the surface area of media. The irradiation treatment by ultrasonication with 400 W power and 3 min retention time on the media without addition substrate conditions and subsequent mixing throughly the culture showed the highest efficiency of cell detachment on the media. Three different microbes, P. ovalis, A calcoaceticus, and B. subtillis were used for the study of the characteristics of microbial adhesion on the media. p ovalis showed the highest adhesion capability while B. subtillis showed the lowest capability adhesion onto media either addition of substrate in the culture. The mixed bacterial culture showed $10\%$ lower removal efficiency of DOC in the low concentrated substrate culture compared to the single pure culture. Whileas, it did not show significant difference between two cultures at high concentrated substrate. It was also observed same population density of microorganism by counting of microbes adhered to microbial media with an ultrasound treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.57-60
• /
• 2017

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is characterized by mucocutaneous tenderness and typical hemorrhagic erosions, erythema and epidermal detachment presenting as blisters and areas of denuded skin. SJS is often observed after drug use as well as after bacterial or viral infections. Several drugs are at high risk of inducing SJS, but there are no cases in the English literature regarding anabolic steroid use triggering SJS. In our paper, we describe a case in which use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) was associated with SJS. The patient participated in competitive body-building and regularly took variable doses of AAS. Initial symptoms (headache, weakness, pharyngodynia, and fever) were ignored. After a week he presented to the Emergency Department with a burning sensation on the mouth, lips, and eyes. Painful, erythematous, maculopapular, and vesicular lesions appeared all over the body, including on the genitals. During hospitalization, he also developed a cardiac complication. The patient had not taken any drugs except AAS.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.263-266
• /
• 1999

In examining bacterial growth on glass surfaces immersed in sea water, we found serious differences between enumeration methods. Therefore, we compared various methods and found sonication and direct count methods were superior to other methods. Since the direct count method was not suitable for long-term investigation, we chose the sonication method and confirmed that sonication periods 8 times for 30 seconds was optimal for the detachment of bacteria from glass surfaces.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.649-655
• /
• 1988

One hundred and one patients with tetralogy of Fallot who were older than 16 years of age underwent a total correction of the anomaly between May, 1964 and July, 1987. This group comprised 14.9% of the 679 consecutive patients who had repair of the tetralogy at our institution during the same period. Of the 101 patients, 8 had a previous shunt procedure for palliation. The preoperative mean hemoglobin value was 16.9*1.0% and the mean systemic oxygen saturation, 84.4*0.9%. In 76 patients[75.2%], a type II ventricular septal defect was seen whereas in 14 patients[13.9%], the defect was type I. In 72 patients[71.3%], other cardiac anomalies were present which included patent foramen ovale in 37.6%, atrial septal defect in 8.99b, vegetations in 6.9%, right sided aortic arch in 5.9% and coronary artery anomaly in 5.0%. The right ventricular outflow obstruction was caused most commonly by combination of infundibular and valvular stenosis[74.3%], followed by isolated infundibular stenosis[19.8%] and valvular stenosis [5.9%] alone in order. The preoperative mean diameter of the pulmonary valve ring size was 10.2*0.5 mm in diameter. A transannular patch enlargement of the right ventricular outflow tract was performed in 28 patients and, in 12 a pericardial monocusp was utilized. Major anomalous aorto-pulmonary vessels were encountered in 5 patients which were detected before or during the operation. In 3 patients, they were ligated beforehand to control the flooding of the operative field. Postoperatively, the mean systolic pressure gradient between the right ventricle and the main pulmonary artery was 16.2*2.3 mmHg and the mean systolic pressure- ratio between the right and the left ventricle was 45.3*2.0%. Perioperative complications including bleeding in 8.9%, pleural effusion in 7.9%, dysrrhythmia in 4.9%, and residual VSD in 4.0%. Operative mortality was 8.9%. There has been no operative death in the recent 65 cases since 1981. There were 2 late deaths, 68 and 113 months after surgery. There were 2 late detachment of the VSD patch during the follow-up period. Of the 6 patients with patch detachment found during the postoperative period, 3 had subacute bacterial endocarditis before or after the operation indicating The serious nature of this complication. Two of these patients subsequently underwent a successful reoperation.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2001

H. pylori 유래의 위장 질환에 대한 예방 및 치료에 대체할 수 있는 방법으로 감염 원인균의 부착 억제와 탈착이 가능한 물질의 사용이 타당성 조사 및 그 기초연구를 목적으로 조사하였다. 우선, 닭에 면역접종을 하여 면역접종 횟수에 따른 IgG 항체의 증가를 확인하여 면역접종을 하지 않은 군에 비해 10배 이상 H. pylori에 대한 항체가 생산되는 것을 확인하였다. H. pylori가 위 상피세포에 결합하는 현상이 H. pylori의 감염에 중요한 첫 단계라는 점에 착안하여 H. pylori의 위벽세포에 대한 결합의 특성을 조사하는 한편, 여러가지 부착 억제 후보물질을 이용하여 단독 또는 H. pylori에 대한 난황 항체와 함께 H. pylori의 부착 억제 정도를 실험하였다. 부착 억제 실험의 결과, 난황 항체를 이용하여 H. pylori(NCTC11637, ATCC43526)가 AGS에 부착하는 것을 저해가 가능하였으며 NCTC11637와 ATCC43526 모두 균체 및 외막단백으로 면역접종하여 생산된 항체의 경우 0.5 mg/mL의 농도로 NCTC11637은 80%, ATCC43526은 60% 정도의 부착 억제를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 탈착 실험의 결과도 면역접종을 실시한 난황 항체가 40-60% 정도의 탈착 효과를 보였으며 균체 자체와 외막 단백을 항원으로 사용한 군 사이의 탈착력 차이는 크지 않았다. 그러나 이러한 결과들이 사용 균주에 따라, 특히 분리 균주를 이용한 경우에는 상이한 결과들이 나타나므로 항체를 이용한 경우에는 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 난황 항체는 식품성분의 하나로서 안정성의 면에서 매우 유리하고 대량 생산이 가능하므로 특이적 항체를 많이 생산할 수 있는 항원의 개발과 함께 정제도를 높인다면 더욱 좋은 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 외국의 다른 연구에서 보고된 경우와 같이 in vitro에서 유효한 물질이 in vivo에서 효과가 없는 경우도 종종 보고되고 있어 지금까지 탐색한 물질의 in vivo에서의 부착 억제 효과에 대한 진단도 함께 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료되며 또한 앞서 기술한 바와 같이 H. pylori의 결합에 관계하는 receptors 및 ligands가 어떤 특정한 한가지가 아니라 여러 가지의 복합적인 물질이 관여하는 것이기 때문에 여기에 대해서는 더 많은 연구가 뒷받침되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.287-293
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 칼럼실험을 이용하여 석영모래와 철피복 모래에서 박테리아(Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, 그리고 Staphylococcus aureus)의 부착 및 탈착에 미치는 이온강도의 영향을 조사하였다. 실험결과, 철피복 모래에서는 이온강도가 1 mM에서 100 mM로 증가함에 따라 질량회수율이 일정(E. coli = 13.7${\pm}$0.5%, B. subtilis = 9.8${\pm}$1.3%, S. aureus = 13.0${\pm}$2.1%)한 반면, 석영모래에서는 80.7%에서 45.3%로 감소하였다(S. aureus). 용출용액의 이온강도가 100 mM에서 0.1 mM로 감소함에 따라, 석영모래에서는 평균 39.1%의 박테리아 탈착이 일어났지만, 철피복 모래에서는 탈착이 관찰되지 않았다. 철피복 모래에서 관찰된 이러한 현상은 박테리아와 철피복 모래사이의 inner-sphere complexes(이온강도의 영향을 받지 않는)에 의한 결합 때문이다. 본 연구는 박테리아와 표면변형 다공성 여재의 상호작용에 대한 지식을 증진시킨다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 2006

Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) is known to be as a negative feedback regulator in Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling. Highly conserved SOCS box domain was cloned from a Korean malaria vector, Anopheles sinensis. Sequence analysis indicates that it has identity to Anopheles gambiae (96%), Aedes aegypti (94%), Drosophila melanogaster (78%), Mus musculus (72%) and Homo sapiens (72%), respectively. Tissue specificity RT-PCR demonstrated that the expression level of AsSOCS transcript was high at abdomen, midgut, and ovary, whereas developmental expression patterns showed that the level of AsSOCS was high at egg, early pupae, and adult female. On the other hand, RT-PCR analysis after bacterial challenge showed that SOCS mRNA was strongly induced in larvae. In addition, it was also induced by various immune elicitors such as lipoteicoic acid, CpG-DNA, and laminarin. It seems that AsSOCS, repressor of JAK-STAT pathway, is highly conserved in mosquito, and may play an important role in mosquito innate immune response.