• 제목/요약/키워드: Bacterial Adhesion

검색결과 134건 처리시간 0.026초

Selection of Multienzyme Complex-Producing Bacteria Under Aerobic Cultivation

  • Pason Patthra;Chon Gil-Hyong;Ratanakhanokchai Khanok;Kyu Khin Lay;Jhee Ok-Hwa;Kang Ju-Seop;Kim Won-Ho;Choi Kyung-Min;Park Gil-Soon;Lee Jin-Sang;Park Hyun;Rho Min-Suk;Lee Yun-Sik
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제16권8호
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    • pp.1269-1275
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    • 2006
  • The selection of multienzyme complex-producing bacteria under aerobic condition was conducted for improving the degradation of lignocellulosic substances. The criteria for selection were cellulase and xylanase enzyme production, the presence of cellulose-binding domains and/or xylan-binding domains in enzymes to bind to insoluble substances, the adhesion of bacterial cells to insoluble substances, and the production of multiple cellulases and xylanases in a form of a high molecular weight complex. Among the six Bacillus strains, isolated from various sources and deposited in our laboratory, Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus B-6 strain was the best producer of cellulase and xylanase enzymes, which have both cellulose-binding factors (CBFs) and xylan-binding factors (XBFs). Moreover, multiple carboxymethyl cellulases (CMCases) and xylanases were produced by the strain B-6. The zymograms analysis showed at least 9 types of xylanases and 6 types of CMCases associated in a protein band of xylanase and cellulase with high molecular weight. These cells also enabled to adhere to both avicel and insoluble xylan, which were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the strain B-6 produced the multienzyme complex, which may be cellulosome or xylanosome. Thus, P. curdlanolyticus B-6 was selected to study the role and interaction between the enzymes and their substrates and the cooperation of multiple enzymes to enhance the hydrolysis due to the complex structure for efficient cellulases and xylanases degradation of insoluble polysaccharides.

Genomic and Proteomic Analysis of Microbial Function in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Ruminants - Review -

  • White, Bryan A.;Morrison, Mark
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제14권6호
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    • pp.880-884
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    • 2001
  • Rumen microbiology research has undergone several evolutionary steps: the isolation and nutritional characterization of readily cultivated microbes; followed by the cloning and sequence analysis of individual genes relevant to key digestive processes; through to the use of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequences for a cultivation-independent examination of microbial diversity. Our knowledge of rumen microbiology has expanded as a result, but the translation of this information into productive alterations of ruminal function has been rather limited. For instance, the cloning and characterization of cellulase genes in Escherichia coli has yielded some valuable information about this complex enzyme system in ruminal bacteria. SSU rRNA analyses have also confirmed that a considerable amount of the microbial diversity in the rumen is not represented in existing culture collections. However, we still have little idea of whether the key, and potentially rate-limiting, gene products and (or) microbial interactions have been identified. Technologies allowing high throughput nucleotide and protein sequence analysis have led to the emergence of two new fields of investigation, genomics and proteomics. Both disciplines can be further subdivided into functional and comparative lines of investigation. The massive accumulation of microbial DNA and protein sequence data, including complete genome sequences, is revolutionizing the way we examine microbial physiology and diversity. We describe here some examples of our use of genomics- and proteomics-based methods, to analyze the cellulase system of Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 and explore the genome of Ruminococcus albus 8. At Illinois, we are using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vectors to create libraries containing large (>75 kbases), contiguous segments of DNA from R. flavefaciens FD-1. Considering that every bacterium is not a candidate for whole genome sequencing, BAC libraries offer an attractive, alternative method to perform physical and functional analyses of a bacterium's genome. Our first plan is to use these BAC clones to determine whether or not cellulases and accessory genes in R. flavefaciens exist in clusters of orthologous genes (COGs). Proteomics is also being used to complement the BAC library/DNA sequencing approach. Proteins differentially expressed in response to carbon source are being identified by 2-D SDS-PAGE, followed by in-gel-digests and peptide mass mapping by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry, as well as peptide sequencing by Edman degradation. At Ohio State, we have used a combination of functional proteomics, mutational analysis and differential display RT-PCR to obtain evidence suggesting that in addition to a cellulosome-like mechanism, R. albus 8 possesses other mechanisms for adhesion to plant surfaces. Genome walking on either side of these differentially expressed transcripts has also resulted in two interesting observations: i) a relatively large number of genes with no matches in the current databases and; ii) the identification of genes with a high level of sequence identity to those identified, until now, in the archaebacteria. Genomics and proteomics will also accelerate our understanding of microbial interactions, and allow a greater degree of in situ analyses in the future. The challenge is to utilize genomics and proteomics to improve our fundamental understanding of microbial physiology, diversity and ecology, and overcome constraints to ruminal function.

생체활성 유리 나노입자 첨가량에 따른 치면열구전색제의 물성평가와 세균부착 억제 효과 (Effect of Physical Properties and Bacterial Adherence Inhibition of Pit and Fissure Sealant Containing Bioactive Glass Nano Particles(BGn))

  • 전수경;김동애
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.542-549
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 불소 미방출 치면열구전색제 $Concise^{TM}$에 제조한 생체활성 유리 나노입자(bioactive glass nano particles: BGn)를 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 wt%를 첨가하여 새로운 치면열구전색제를 조성하고 세균부착실험을 통한 세균부착 억제 효과와 물성을 평가 하였다. 물흡수도와 용해도는 ISO 4049(2009) 규격에 맞추어 직경 10 mm, 두께 2 mm 시편을 제작하여 무게를 측정하여 산출하였으며 세균부착효과는 S. mutans, S. aureus, E. coli 3개의 균주를 이용하여 평가하였다. 실험 결과 물흡수도는 BGn 첨가가 증가할수록 높은 값을 보였으며 용해도는 첨가될수록 낮은 용해도를 보였다(p<0.05). 세균부착실험 결과 대조군 $Concise^{TM}$과 비교하여 BGn을 첨가한 S. mutans 실험군에서 다소 낮은 부착 양상을 보였으나 통계적 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, S. aureus 실험군과 E.coli 실험군에서는 통계적 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 이는 BGn의 세균부착 억제 효과가 있음을 입증한 것이라 사료된다. 향후 BGn 첨가양에 따른 효율성과 폭 넓은 물성 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Portulaca oleracea Seed Oil Exerts Cytotoxic Effects on Human Liver Cancer (HepG2) and Human Lung Cancer (A-549) Cell Lines

  • Al-Sheddi, Ebtesam Saad;Farshori, Nida Nayyar;Al-Oqail, Mai Mohammad;Musarrat, Javed;Al-Khedhairy, Abdulaziz Ali;Siddiqui, Maqsood Ahmed
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제16권8호
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    • pp.3383-3387
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    • 2015
  • Portulaca oleracea (Family: Portulacaceae), is well known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-bacterial, and anti-tumor activities. However, cytotoxic effects of seed oil of Portulaca oleracea against human liver cancer (HepG2) and human lung cancer (A-549) cell lines have not been studied previously. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of Portulaca oleracea seed oil on HepG2 and A-549 cell lines. Both cell lines were exposed to various concentrations of Portulaca oleracea seed oil for 24h. After the exposure, percentage cell viability was studied by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT), neutral red uptake (NRU) assays, and cellular morphology by phase contrast inverted microscopy. The results showed a concentration-dependent significant reduction in the percentage cell viability and an alteration in the cellular morphology of HepG2 and A-549 cells. The percentage cell viability was recorded as 73%, 63%, and 54% by MTT assay and 76%, 61%, and 50% by NRU assay at 250, 500, and $1000{\mu}g/ml$, respectively in HepG2 cells. Percentage cell viability was recorded as 82%, 72%, and 64% by MTT assay and 83%, 68%, and 56% by NRU assay at 250, 500, and $1000{\mu}g/ml$, respectively in A-549 cells. The 100 $100{\mu}g/ml$ and lower concentrations were found to be non cytotoxic to A-549 cells, whereas decrease of 14% and 12% were recorded by MTT and NRU assay, respectively in HepG2 cells. Both HepG2 and A-549 cell lines exposed to 250, 500, and $1000{\mu}g/ml$ of Portulaca oleracea seed oil lost their normal morphology, cell adhesion capacity, become rounded, and appeared smaller in size. The data from this study showed that exposure to seed oil of Portulaca oleracea resulted in significant cytotoxicity and inhibition of growth of the human liver cancer (HepG2) and human lung cancer (A-549) cell lines.

A Novel Complement Fixation Pathway Initiated by SIGN-R1 Interacting with C1q in Innate Immunity

  • Kang, Young-Sun
    • 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국미생물학회 2008년도 International Meeting of the Microbiological Society of Korea
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    • pp.23-25
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    • 2008
  • Serum complement proteins comprise an important system that is responsible for several innate and adaptive immune defence mechanisms. There were three well described pathways known to lead to the generation of a C3 convertase, which catalyses the proteolysis of complement component C3, and leads to the formation of C3 opsonins (C3b, iC3b and C3d) that fix to bacteria. A pivotal step in the complement pathway is the assembly of a C3 convertase, which digests the C3 complement component to form microbial-binding C3 fragments recognized by leukocytes. The spleen clears microorganisms from the blood. Individuals lacking this organ are more susceptible to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Innate resistance to S. pneumoniae has previously been shown to involve complement components C3 and C4, however this resistance has only a partial requirement for mediators of these three pathways, such as immunoglobulin, factor B and mannose-binding lectin. Therefore it was likely that spleen and complement system provide resistance against blood-borne S. pneumoniae infection through unknown mechanism. To better understand the mechanisms involved, we studied Specific intracellular adhesion molecule-grabbing nonintegrin (SIGN)-R1. SIGN-R1, is a C-type lectin that is expressed at high levels by spleen marginal-zone macrophages and lymph-node macrophages. SIGN-R1 has previously been shown to be the main receptor for bacterial dextrans, as well as for the capsular pneumococcal polysaccharide (CPS) of S. pneumoniae. We examined the specific role of this receptor in the activation of complement. Using a monoclonal antibody that selectively downregulates SIGN-R1 expression in vivo, we show that in response to S. pneumoniae or CPS, SIGN-R1 mediates the immediate proteolysis of C3 and fixation of C3 opsonins to S. pneumoniae or to marginal-zone macrophages that had taken up CPS. These data indicate that SIGN-R1 is largely responsible for the rapid C3 convertase formation induced by S. pneumoniae in the spleen of mice. Also, we found that SIGN-R1 directly binds C1q and that C3 fixation by SIGN-R1 requires C1q and C4 but not factor B or immunoglobulin. Traditionally C3 convertase can be formed by the classical C1q- and immunoglobulin-dependent pathway, the alternative factor-B-dependent pathway and the soluble mannose-binding lectin pathway. Furthermore Conditional SIGN-R1 knockout mice developed deficits in C3 catabolism when given S. pneumoniae or its capsular polysaccharide intravenously. There were marked reductions in proteolysis of serum C3, deposition of C3 on organisms within SIGN-$R1^+$ spleen macrophages, and formation of C3 ligands. The transmembrane lectin SIGN-R1 therefore contributes to innate resistance by an unusual C3 activation pathway. We propose that in the SIGN-R1 mediated complement activation pathway, after binding to polysaccharide, SIGN-R1 captures C1q. SIGN-R1 can then, in association with several other complement proteins including C4, lead to the formation of a C3 convertase and fixation of C3. Therefore, this new pathway for C3 fixation by SIGN-R1, which is unusual as it is a classical C1q-dependent pathway that does not require immuno globulin, contributes to innate immune resistance to certain encapsulated microorganisms.

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혐기성 미생물의 근관내 상아질 부착에 대한 주사전자현미경적 연구 (SEM Study on the Anaerobic Bacterial Adhesion to the Dentin of Root Canal)

  • Sung-Eun Yang;Kwang-Shik Bae
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.350-359
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    • 2001
  • 목적 - 근관형성시 근관내 상아질벽에는 항상 도말층(smear layer)이 형성되는데, 이는 상아질, 치수조직 잔사, 조상아세포 돌기, 때로는 미생물 등으로 구성되며, 주사전자현미경상으로는 비규칙적이며, 무정형의 구상(granular)구조물로 관찰된다. 본 연구에서는 도말층의 유무에 따른 혐기성 미생물, Prevotella nigrescens의 근관내 상아질 부착정도를 주사전자현미경으로 평가하고자 한다. 지금까지 사용되었던 실험방법에 비하여 보다 임상적 환경에 가까운 실험방법을 고안, 신빙성 있는 연구결과를 기대할 수 있도록 하였다. 방법 - 치주질환이나 외상 등의 원인으로 발거된 상, 하악 전치 18개를 사용하였다. 각 치아의 치관부를 백악법랑경계부위에서 절단하고, 1군(5개치아)은 10ml의 생리식 염수를, 2군(5개치아)과 3군(5개치아)은 10ml의 3.5% NaOCl을 근관관주용액으로 사용하여 근관형성을 하였다. 근관형성 완료후 1군과 2군은 10ml의 생리식염수로, 3군은 10ml의 0.5M EDTA용액으로 final flush를 시행하여, 3군의 도말층을 제거하였다. 치근수직절단과 ethylene oxide(EO) gas 소독후 1, 2, 3군의 시편(각군10개시편)을 Prevotella nigrescens가 부유된 Brain Heart Infusion with Yeast estract, Hemin and Menadione(BHIYHM) broth내에 37$^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 동안 incubation했다. 4, 5, 6군은 실험과정을 검증하기 위한 대조군으로써, 4군(1개치아)과 5군(1개치아)은 1군, 2군과 같이 각각 생리식염수와 NaOCl만을 이용한 근관형성으로 도말층을 잔존시키고, 6군(1개치아)은 3군과 같이 NaOCl과 EDTA를 적용하여 도말층을 제거한 후, 치근 수직절단과 EO gas 소독을 시행했다. 모든 시편(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6군)을 통상의 방법에 따라 처리한 후 주사전자현미경을 통하여 관찰, 근관내면에 부착되어 있는 Prevotella nigrescens의 개수, 모양, 상아세관 및 도말층과의 관계 등을 관찰, 비교, 분석하였다. 결과는 t-test와 one-way ANOVA를 통하여 통계처리 하였다. 결론 - 1. 근관형성 후 근관내 상아질 표면 전체는 도말층으로 덮여 있는 양상을 보였다. 2. 3.5% NaOCl과 0.5M EDTA를 적용하여 근관내 도말층을 효과적으로 제거할 수 있었으며, 상아세관 개구부가 확연히 노출되어 있는 소견을 관찰할 수 있었다. 3. 도말층이 덮인군에서 미생물의 부착이 유의성 있게 높았다(P<0.05). 4. 근관 형성중 형성되어 근관 상아질을 덮고 있는 도말층이 미생물의 부착을 증가시켜, 근관 재감염의 기회를 증가시킴을 알 수 있었다.

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프로바이오틱 Pediococcus pentosaceus BCNU 9070 균주 (Probiotic Potential of Pediococcus pentosaceus BCNU 9070)

  • 신화진;최혜정;김동완;안철수;이영근;정영기;주우홍
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제22권9호
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    • pp.1194-1200
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    • 2012
  • 유산균은 일반적으로 프로바이오틱스 균주로 알려져 있다. 가능성이 있는 프로바이오틱스 균주는 세포결합과 부착능 즉, 장상피세포 부착능 및 세포표면의 소수성이 기초적으로 구비되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 김치로부터 몇몇의 토착 유산균을 분리하였으며, 세포표면 소수성에 근거한 가능성이 있는 프로바이오틱스로서 유산균 한종을 선발하였다. 프로바이오틱스균주로서 선별한 분리균주(BCNU 9070)의 16S 리보좀DNA 염기서열을 분석한 결과 Pediococcus pentosaceus에 속하는 균주임이 확인되었다. P. pentosaceus BCNU 9070 균주는 위액과 담즙산에 대하여 내성을 가졌으며 또한 Listeria monocytogenes 및 Shigella sonnei를 포함하는 6종의 식중독 병원균에 대하여 생육저해활성도 나타내었다. 게다가 P. pentosaceus BCNU 9070 균주는 담즙산 가수분해활성 및 콜레스테롤 동화능도 있음이 확인되었다. 이들 결과를 기초로, P. pentosaceus BCNU 9070은 기능성 식품에 적용가능한 천연 프로바이오틱스 특성을 가지고 있다고 판단된다.

Prevention of vibriosis in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax using ginger nanoparticles and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

  • Korni, Fatma M.M.;Sleim, Al Shimaa A.;Abdellatief, Jehan I.;Abd-elaziz, Rehab A.
    • 한국어병학회지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.185-199
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    • 2021
  • Vibriosis is an important septicemic bacterial disease that affects a variety of commercial fish species, including cultured Dicentrarchus labrax. Nanotechnology has become an important modern tool for fish diseases prevention. Furthermore, nanomaterials have the ability to prevent and treat fish diseases. The current study was aimed to identify the causative agent of massive mortality of D. labrax commercial farm in Alexandria, Egypt. Experimental infection and the median lethal dose (LD50) of pathogenic isolate were assessed. Also, the effect of ginger nanoparticles (GNPs) and Sacchromyces cerevisiae as feed additives for prevention of vibriosis in D. labrax was carried out. Similarly, the tissue immunstimulant genes, IL-1β and TLR2 were measured in the spleen of feeding groups. The clinical signs of naturally diseased D. labrax showed corneal opacity and paleness of gills with excessive mucous secretion. The post-mortem abnormalities were severe hemorrhage and adhesion of internal organs. After bacteriological isolation and identification, the causative agent of mortality in the current study was Vibrio alginolyticus. The LD50 of V. alginolyticus was 1.5×105.4 CFU/ml. The experimentally infected D. labrax showed ulceration, exophthalmia and skin hemorrhages. The post-mortem findings of the experimentally infected D. labrax revealed internal hemorrhage, spleen darkness and paleness of liver. There is no mortality and 100% RPS in groups fed GNPs then injected with V. alginolyticus, in those fed a combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae and a group fed normal diet then injected with physiological saline (control negative), respectively. Contrarily, there was 10% mortality and 87.5 RPS in the group fed S. cerevisae then injected with V. alginolyticus. On the other hand, the control positive group showed 79% mortality. The spleen IL-1β and TLR2 immunostimulant genes were significantly increased in groups of fish fed GNNP, S. cerevisiae and a combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae, respectively compared to control group. The highest stimulation of those immunostimulant genes was found in the group fed a combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae, while fish fed S. cerevisiae had the lowest level. Dietary combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae was shown to be efficient in preventing of vibriosis, with greatest stimulation of spleen IL-1β and TLR2 immunostimulant genes.

결핵 발병과 CD44 유전자 다형성사이의 연관성 연구 (Association between Tuberculosis Case and CD44 Gene Polymorphism)

  • 임희선;이상인;박상정
    • 대한임상검사과학회지
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    • 제51권3호
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    • pp.323-328
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    • 2019
  • 결핵균에 의한 만성 세균성 감염인 결핵은 결핵균의 특성, 숙주의 면역상태와 유전적 감수성의 차이에 의해 잠복성과 활동성으로의 진행정도에 차이가 있다. 결핵균에 대한 숙주 방어 기전은 주로 대식세포, T 세포 및 수지상 세포 사이의 상호 작용에 기인한다. CD44는 결핵균에 감염되면 활성 T 세포에서 발현되며 림프구 이동을 조절한다. 또한 CD44는 ECM에 대한 백혈구의 부착을 매개하여 대식세포, CD4+ T cell 등을 폐로 불러모으는 역할을 한다. 따라서, CD44 유전자의 다형성은 결핵균에 대한 숙주세포의 면역기전 저하를 유발할 수 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 CD44 유전자의 유전자 다형성이 결핵의 감수성에 영향을 미치는지 조사하는 것이다. 결핵균과 CD44의 연관성에 대하여 대한 한국 협회 자원의 443명의 cases와 3228명의 control을 이용하여 CD44 유전자의 237개의 SNP를 분석하였다. 이 중 17개의 SNP가 결핵과 통계적으로 유의한 관련성을 보였다. 가장 유의성 있는 SNP는 rs75137824였다(OR=0.231, CI: 1.51~3.56, $P=1.3{\times}10^{-4}$). 또한 결핵 발병에 유의성이 있는 SNP중 rs10488809의 경우는 전사인자 JUND 및 FOS에 결합하는 부위로써 CD44 유전자 발현에 영향을 줄 수 있는 것으로 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 결핵 발병이 CD44 발현 차이에 의한 숙주 면역반응에 차이에 의해서 감수성의 차이가 있을 수 있음을 나타 낼 수 있다. 이번 연구 결과는 결핵균 감염에 대한 숙주면역의 유전적 차이가 결핵 진행정도의 차이를 유발할 수 있다는 유전적 배경에 대한 기반을 마련해 줄 수 있을 것이라고 기대한다.

물성 분석을 통한 Valine 의 여드름균 바이오필름 내부 세균막 형성 억제 연구 (A Study on Inhibition of Bacterial Membrane Formation in Biofilm formed by Acne Bacteria in Valine through Property Analysis)

  • 송상훈;황병우;손성길;강내규
    • 대한화장품학회지
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    • 제47권2호
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    • pp.163-170
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    • 2021
  • 본 연구는 인체 친화적인 소재로 여드름균을 제거하는 기술을 만들기 위해서 진행하였다. 먼저 여드름균을 운모 디스크에 흡착시켜 생장시킨 후 원자현미경을 통해 바이오필름이 제대로 성장하였는지를 확인하였다. 이미지 상으로 형태가 둥글게 변하였고 사이즈도 평균 17% 정도 길어졌으며 물질을 구분하는 공명주파수의 위상 값이 단일값으로 관찰된 것을 볼 때 세균막이 운모디스크 전체를 덮어서 자란 바이오필름을 확인할 수 있었다. 이렇게 바이오필름을 생성시킨 여드름균에 여러 가지 아미노산 50 mM을 각각 처리하여 관찰한 결과 valine, serine, argine, leucine을 처리하였을 때 여드름균의 농도가 감소한 것을 발견하였다. 나노인덴터와 AFM 컨택모드로 스캔을 한 결과 valine (Val)을 처리한 여드름균 바이오필름의 강도가 증가해 있는 것을 확인하였다. 이것은 균을 보호하는 외곽의 세균막이 형성 억제됨으로써 세균막보다 더 높은 강도일 수 있는 균을 측정했기 때문일 수 있다. 여드름균과 Val을 처리한 여드름균에 균과 바이오필름 내부의 세균막을 볼 수 있는 형광물질을 각각 태깅하고 형광 이미지를 관찰한 결과 저농도 Val을 처리한 여드름균에서는 세균막이 관찰되었으나 10 mM 이상의 Val을 처리할 때부터 여드름균의 세균막이 형성 억제됨을 알 수 있었다. 뿐만 아니라 Val 10 mM 이상의 농도에서는 여드름균 전체의 농도도 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 즉, 세균막이 형성 억제됨으로써 약화된 여드름균의 결합력에 의해서 여드름 균의 농도가 감소한 것으로 볼 수 있다. 마침내 Val의 투입은 세균막 생성을 억제함으로써 여드름균을 제거하는 효능이 있음을 확인하였다.