• 한국음향학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.562-569
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• 2004

연안에서 잘피 (Seagrass) 서식지의 분포와 광합성에 의한 후방산란 특성 관측을 위한 실험을 실시하였다. 해저면이니질로 구성된 잘피 서식지에서 수평입사각 및 방위각에 따른 음향신호를 획득하였으며, 120 kHa 정현파 음원을 이용하여 신호론 송수신 하였다. 잘피의 후방산란강도를 이용하여 수평입사각 및 방위각에 따른 잘피 서식지의 분포를 지도화 하였으며 서식지에 대한 후방산란강도 분포와 촬영을 이용한 실제 잘피의 서식지를 비교한 결과 비슷한 분포를 관측할 수 있었다. 또한 잘피의 광합성에 의해 생성되는 산소 공기방울의 음파산란을 분석하기 위해 주 야간별 잘피의 후방산란강도론 비교한 결과, 산소 공기방울의 음파산란 영향으로 인해 잘피 서식지의 분포관측에 차이가 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.136-140
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• 2018

We propose an improved semi-empirical scattering model for X-band radar backscattering from rough sea surfaces. This new model has a wider validity range of wind speeds than does the existing semi-empirical sea spectrum (SESS) model. First, we retrieved the small-roughness parameters from the sea surfaces, which were numerically generated using the Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum and measurement datasets for various wind speeds. Then, we computed the backscattering coefficients of the small-roughness surfaces for various wind speeds using the integral equation method model. Finally, the large-roughness characteristics were taken into account by integrating the small-roughness backscattering coefficients multiplying them with the surface slope probability density function for all possible surface slopes. The new model includes a wind speed range below 3.46 m/s, which was not covered by the existing SESS model. The accuracy of the new model was verified with two measurement datasets for various wind speeds from 0.5 m/s to 14 m/s.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.324-327
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• 2008

Microwave remote sensing has great potential, especially in monsoon Asia, since optical observations are often hampered by cloudy conditions. The radar backscattering characteristics of rice crop were investigated with a ground-based automatic scatterometer system. The system was installed inside a shelter in an experimental paddy field at the National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (NIAST) before transplanting. The rice cultivar was a kind of Japonica type, called Chuchung. The scatterometer system consists of X-band antennas, HP8720D vector network analyzer, RF cables, and a personal computer that controls frequency, polarization and data storage. This system automatically measures fully-polarimatric backscattering coefficients of rice crop every 10 minutes, accompanied by a digital camera that takes pictures in a fixed position with the same interval. The backscattering coefficients were calculated by applying a radar equation. Plant variables, such as leaf area index (LAI), biomass, plant height and weather conditions were measured periodically throughout the rice growth season. We have performed polarimetric decomposition of paddy data such as single, double and volume scattering to extract the scattering information effectively. We investigated the relationships between backscattering coefficients and the plant variables.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.332-335
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• 2008

Newly developing SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) sensors commonly include high resolution X-band those data are expected to contribute various applications. Recent few studies are presenting potential of X-band SAR data in forest related application. This study tried to investigate the relationship between forest stand parameters and multi-band SAR normalized backscattering. Multi-band SAR data was radiometric corrected to compare signal from different forest stand condition. Then correlation coefficients were estimated between attribute of forest stand map and normalized backscattering coefficients. Although overall correlation coefficients are not high, only X-band shows strong relationship with DBH class than other bands. The signal of C- and L-band is composed of a large number of discrete tree components such as leaves, stems, even background soil. In forest, strength of radar backscattering is affected by complex parameters. Further study might be considered more various forest stand parameters such as canopy density, stand height, volume, and biomass.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.218-230
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• 2020

The single anatomical attribute that has the greatest influence on acoustic scattering from fish is the presence or absence of a swimbladder. This study examined the effect of removing the gas from the swimbladder on the broadband backscattering characteristics of six species of swimbladdered fish: striped beakperch Oplegnathus fasciatus, black scraper Thamnaconus modestus, dark-banded rockfish Sebastes inermis, goldeye rockfish Sebastes thompsoni, black rockfish Sebastes schlegeli and panther puffer Takifugu pardalis. Before and after removing the gas from the swimbladder, the species-specific, frequency-dependent backscattered echo signals from anaesthetized individuals of each fish species were measured at approximately 1° intervals spanning a 90° aspect angle range from -45° (head down) to +45° (head up) using a broadband echo sounder operating at 100-200 kHz. The relationship between the wavelength-normalized backscattering cross section (σ/λ²) and fish length (L/λ) was calculated for each species. The average σ/λ² value for the six fish species at a L/λ range of 19.79-25.85, with a mean of 22.89, was reduced by approximately 52.3% when the gas was removed.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.709-718
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• 2019

Cephalopods, such as the Japanese flying squid Todarodes pacificus and golden cuttlefish Sepia esculenta, are an important food source for all toothed whales, particularly bottlenose dolphins in costal and offshore waters around the Korean Peninsula. A controlled laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the broadband acoustic backscattering from live individuals of these two cephalopod species using linear chirp signals (100-200 kHz). The backscattered echo signal was measured at about 1° intervals from -45° (head down) to +45° (head up) in the dorsal plane. The species-specific, frequency-dependent scattering characteristics were investigated by comparing the relationship between the wavelength-normalized backscattering cross-section (σ/λ²) and the wavelength-normalized fish length L/λ for each species. The estimated σ/λ² value for Japanese flying squid was 9.51 at an L/λ range of 12.79-30.27 (mean, 21.26). This was approximately 7% of the σ/λ² value (136.1) for golden cuttlefish at an L/λ range of 9.07-25.49 (mean, 15.77).

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.447-453
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• 2005

수중 초음파 (5, 10, 15 MHz)를 사용하여 적조 플랑크톤 Cochlodinium polykrikoides (식물 플랑크톤, 편모조류)의 후방산란 특성을 파악하기 위한 음향 실험을 실시하였다 적조 산란체의 적조주의보 (300 cells/a) 보다 적은 양의 개체 수 변화를 탐지하였고, 개체군 밀도와 후방 산란신호와의 상관관계를 시간영역에서와 주파수 영역에서 확인하였다. 또한, fluid-sphere model[1]을 이용한 이론적인 체적 산란강도를 계산하여 실측 체적 산란강도와 비교한 결과가 잘 일치하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 1999년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.479-484
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• 1999

Rice crop has relatively short growing season during the summer in Korea and, therefore, it is often difficult to acquire cloud-free imagery on time. This study was attempt to define the temporal characteristics of radar backscattering observed from satellite L-band SAR data on different growing stages of rice crop. Six scenes of multi-temporal JERS SAR data were obtained from the transplanting season to the harvesting month of October. Six layers of multi-temporal SAR data were registered on a common geographic coordinate system. Using topographic maps, field collected data, and Landsat TM data, several sample rice fields were delineated from the imagery and their relative radar backscatters were calculated by using a set of reference targets. The temporal pattern of radar backscattering was very distinctive by the growing stage of rice crop. It was also separable between two types of rice fields having different cultivation practices. Considering the temporal characteristics of radar backscattering observed from the study, it is obvious that a certain date of the growing season can be more effective to delineate the exact area of the cultivated rice crop field.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2003

고주파 (126-㎑) 음향 신호를 이용하여 퇴적층의 구성 매질 및 표면 형태에 따른 산란 신호 변화를 측정하였다. 퇴적층은 구성 매질에 따라 사니질 (sandy mud), 사질 (sand), 자갈 (gravel)의 세가지 경우와 이를 혼합한 경우로 하였으며, 표층 연흔 (ripple) 형태에 따라 연흔과 음파 진행방향이 직각을 이루는 경우 및 평행한 경우를 모의하였다. 평면입사각 변화 및 연흔 구성 형태에 따른 후방산란 강도는 평면입사각에 비례하여 증가하였으며, 연흔 형성 방향과 음파 진행 방향이 이루는 각이 작을수록 삼차원적인 측방산란이 강하게 나타났다. 연흔과 음파가 이루는 각이 증가할수록 후방산란은 증가하였으며, 지음향적 요소 외에도 연흔 형성과 방향에 음파 산란이 강하게 의존함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.889-899
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• 1999

표적의 산란 측정을 위한 레이다 시스템에서 원하는 표적만의 정확한 주파수 특성을 추출하는 방법에 대 하여 연구하였다. 네트웹 분석기와 안테나 사이의 송수선단에 RF 스위치를 이용한 펄스 회로를 구성하였고 X 밴드에서의 구의 반사를 측정하였다. 실험 결과 단일 안테나 시스댐에서 문제가 되는 내부 회로와 안테나 의 반사 및 기타 불필요한 주변 선호들을 제거할 수 있음을 볼 수 있었다 안테나의 반사가 60dB 이상 감소 하며 선호 대 잡음비도 크게 향상되었다. 이와 같이 얻어진 주파수 데이터를 계산적으로 선호 처리를 하여 원하는 표적만의 주파수 득성을 뽑아내었다. 그 결과는 구의 이론적인 특성과 일치함을 보여준다. 이러한 방법들은 compact range에서의 RCS 측정과 분산 표적의 역산란 계수 측정에 직접 적용될 수 있다