• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2008

This paper presents a system for recognizing sunglasses and a mask of an ATM (Automatic Teller Machine) user. The proposed system extracts firstly facial contour, then from this extraction results it estimates the regions of eyes and mouth. Finally, it recognizes sunglasses and a mouth using Histogram Indexing based on those regions. We adopt a face shape model to be able to extract facial contour and to estimate the regions of eyes and mouth when those regions are occluded by sunglasses and a mask. To improve the fitting accuracy of the shame model, we adopt 2-step face detection method and conduct fitting several times by varying the initial position of the model instance. To achieve a good performance of the face detection method based on a background model, we enable the system to automatically update the background model. In experiment, we present some experiments on setting parameters of the system with images taken from in our laboratory, and demonstrate the results of recognizing sunglasses and a mask.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2011

In this paper, a visual surveillance system using SOPC based NIOS II embedded processor and C2H compiler was implemented. In this system, the IP is constructed by C2H compiler for the output of the camera images, image processing, serial communication and network communication, then, it is implemented to effectively control each IP based on the SOPC and the NIOS II embedded processor. And, an algorithm which updates the background images for high speed and robust detection of the moving objects is proposed using the Adaptive Gaussian Mixture Model(AGMM). In results, it can detecte the moving objects(pedestrians and vehicles) under day-time and night-time. It is confirmed that the proposed AGMM algorithm has better performance than the Adaptive Threshold Method(ATM) and the Gaussian Mixture Model(GMM) from our experiments.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.301-305
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a simple algorithm for detecting underwater transient signals on the fact that the frequency range of underwater transient signals is similar to audio frequency. For this, we use a preprocessing module of EVRC speech codec that is the standard speech codec of the mobile communications. If a signal is entered into EVRC noise suppression module, we can get some parameters such as the update flag, the energy of each channel, the noise suppressed signal, the energy of input signal, the energy of background noise, and the energy of enhanced signal. Therefore the energy of the enhanced signal that is normalized with the energy of the background noise is compared with the pre-defined detection threshold, and then we can detect the transient signal. And the detection threshold is updated using the previous value in the noisy period. The experimental result shows that the proposed algorithm has $0{\sim}4% error rate in the AWGN or the colored noise environment.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.375-379
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• 2011

Objective: The aim of this paper is to introduce the Directive 2002/44/EC on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from vibration. Background: Human beings interact with machinery, and contact with vibration is commonplace. Unfortunately, continuous exposure to mechanical vibration can lead to physical injury. And standards are needed for identifying those at risk and for taking steps to mitigate the problem and reduce risk of injury. Method: The contents of the Directive were summarized and discussed, especially against its ISO counterparts. Results: The Directive deals with minimum safety and health prescriptions relative to workers' exposure to risks due to mechanical vibration. This directive specifies exposure limit values and action values. It also specifies employers' obligations with regard to determining and assessing risks, sets out the measures to be taken to reduce or avoid workers' exposure. Finally, it details how to make exposed workers aware of this issue. Conclusion: In spite of some limitations, it has recently been transcribed into all national laws of member States of European union. Application: The results of the paper might help to establish or update the domestic standards on vibration.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2013

Background: This study was aimed to establish the systematic management methods of tar color additives used in Korea for drugs and quasi-drugs. Although tar color additives have been used in various areas, safety problems are continuously being reported by several studies. For that reason, major countries like US, Japan, Europe are trying to update the safety information of tar color additives and the related management methods, and Korea also need to complement them based on the updated information for their safer use. Method: This report includes the compared information of all legally used tar color additives of each country, such as color additive name, compound name and chemical abstracts service registry number. Conclusion: It is expected that these investigated results will be useful as the basic materials for proper management guidelines of tar color additives in Korea.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.209-217
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• 2018

Although the incidence of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma has been increasing worldwide, no standardized surgical strategy for its treatment has been established. This study aimed to provide an update on the surgical treatment of GEJ adenocarcinoma by reviewing previous reports and propose recommended surgical approaches. The Siewert classification is widely used for determining which surgical procedure is used, because previous studies have shown that the pattern of lymph node (LN) metastasis depends on tumor location. In terms of surgical approaches for GEJ adenocarcinoma, a consensus was reached based on two randomized controlled trials. Siewert types I and III are treated as esophageal cancer and gastric cancer, respectively. Although no consensus has been reached regarding the treatment of Siewert type II, several retrospective studies suggested that the optimal treatment strategy includes paraaortic LN dissection. Against this background, a Japanese nationwide prospective trial is being conducted to determine the proportion of LN metastasis in GEJ cancers and to identify the optimal extent of LN dissection in each type.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2002

In this paper, I propose a reference image updating algorithm for Intruder Detection System using a difference image method that can reliably separate moving objects from noisy background in the image sequence received from a camera at the fixed position. The proposed algorithm consists of four process determines threshold value and quantization, segmentation of a moving object area, generation of adaptive temporary image that removes a moving object area, and updates reference image using median filtering. The test results show that the proposed algorithm can generate reference image very effectively in the noisy environment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.95-113
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this review is to introduce the recent advance in allergic rhinitis and to provide help in establishing strategy and selection of drugs for Korean medical treatment of allergic rhinitis. Methods : We searched articles about allergic rhinitis comprehensively in PubMed, CNKI, JStage, KISTI. And in order to reflect clinical situation, we also reviewed some profession's writing for practitioners. Results : This review discussed allergic rhinitis's epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis. We found many standardized clinical practice guideline have been published in this field. And some guideline reflected accumulation of medical evidence on interventions in Korean medicine. It suggested that acupuncture, herbal medicine, herbal patch are useful to prevention and alleviate allergic symptoms. But some interventions have heterogeneity due to each nation's medical background. Conclusions : Acupuncture therapy is now recommended world widely for treating allergic rhinitis. But other interventions of Korean medicine are not well recognized in the same manner. We need more research to identify mechanism and rigorous clinical trials to clarify efficacy and safety of Korean medicine intervention.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.501-516
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• 2014

Background: Our aim was to identify gaps and limitations in the current literature and to make recommendations for future research required to address these. Materials and Methods: We reviewed occupational exposures and related factors associated with the risk of prostate cancer between 2000 and 2012. These included chemical, ergonomic, physical or environmental, and psychosocial factors which have been reported by epidemiological studies across a range of industries. Results: The results are inconsistent from study to study and generally this is due to the reliance upon the retrospectivity of case-control studies and prevalence (ecological) studies. Exposure assessment bias is a recurring limitation of many of the studies in this review. Conclusions: We consider there is insufficient evidence to implicate prostate cancer risk for ergonomic, physical, environmental or psychosocial factors, but there is sufficient evidence to implicate toxic metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). More research is required to identify specific pesticides that may be associated with risk of prostate cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4953-4960
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• 2013

Primary liver cancer is one of the most common cancers at the global level, accounting for half of all cancers in some undeveloped countries. This disease tends to occur in livers damaged through alcohol abuse, or chronic infection with hepatitis B and C, on a background of cirrhosis. Various cancer-causing substances are associated with primary liver cancer, including certain pesticides and such chemicals as vinyl chloride and arsenic. The strong association between HBV infection and liver cancer is well documented in epidemiological studies. It is generally acknowledged that the virus is involved through long term chronic infection, frequently associated with cirrhosis, suggesting a nonspecific mechanism triggered by the immune response. Chronic inflammation of liver, continuous cell death, abnormal cell growth, would increase the occurrence rate of genetic alterations and risk of disease. However, the statistics indicated that only about one fifth of HBV carries would develop HCC in lifetime, suggesting that individual variation in genome would also influence the susceptibility of HCC. The goal of this review is to highlight present level of knowledge on the role of viral infection and genetic variation in the development of liver cancer.