• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.517-522
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate food allergens and prevalence rates of food allergies, followed by comparison of consumer attitudes and preferences regarding food allergy labeling by diagnosis of food allergies. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 543 individuals living in Seoul and Gyeonggi area participated in the survey from October 15 to 22 in 2013. RESULTS: The results show that the prevalence of doctor-diagnosed food allergies was 17.5%, whereas 6.4% of respondents self-reported food allergies. The most common allergens of doctor-diagnosed and self-reported food allergy respondents were peaches (30.3%) and eggs (33.3%), respectively, followed by peanuts, cow's milk, and crab. Regarding consumer attitudes toward food labeling, checking food allergens as an item was only significantly different between allergic and non-allergic respondents among all five items (P < 0.001). All respondents reported that all six items (bold font, font color, box frame, warning statement, front label, and addition of potential allergens) were necessary for an improved food allergen labeling system. PLSR analysis determined that the doctor-diagnosed group and checking of food allergens were positively correlated, whereas the non-allergy group was more concerned with checking product brands. CONCLUSIONS: An effective food labeling system is very important for health protection of allergic consumers. Additionally, government agencies must develop policies regarding prevalence of food allergies in Korea. Based on this information, the food industry and government agencies should provide clear and accurate food labeling practices for consumers.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Plant phenomics is a technique for observing and analyzing morphological features in order to select plant varieties of excellent traits. The conventional methods is difficult to apply to the phenomics system. because the color threshold value must be manually changed according to the detection target. In this paper, we propose the convolution neural network (CNN) structure that can automatically segment plants from the background for the phenomics system. The LeafNet consists of nine convolution layers and a sigmoid activation function for determining the presence of plants. As a result of the learning using the LeafNet, we obtained a precision of 98.0% and a recall rate of 90.3% for the plant seedlings images. This confirms the applicability of the phenomics system.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.27-45
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• 2017

At the upper part of terrace deposits at Jeongdongjin area, there is a structure in which reddish brown and grayish white layers laying horizontally. Previous studies have reported the existence of these structures within the deposits and suggested the theoretical background related to the formation process. However, the analysis of physical properties and chemical composition such as particle size, classification, etc. of the materials constituting the reddish brown and grayish white layers is scarcely done. In this study, the physico - chemical properties of gray - white and reddish brown beds are investigated. The mean grain size of the particles was less than $4{\varphi}$ in both layers and the reddish brown layer was more coarse. The results shows that the sorting of the grayish white layer is better. The chemical composition of both layers shows that the average concentration of $SiO_2$, $Al_2O_3$ and $K_2O$ of the grayish white layer was higher than those of the reddish brown layer. The concentration of $Fe_2O_3$ of reddish brown lyaer was 3 times higher than those of the grayish white layer. The degree of chemical weathering (CIA) is 90 or so in both the reddish brown and grayish white layers, indicating a significant level of chemical weathering. In conclusion, reddish brown layers had been formed by the processes related to the migration of iron and the migration of water that induced aggregation after the formation of sediments (psudo-gleization). In this study area, a vertical layer of grayish white which cuts off horizontal reddish brown and grayish white color was found. The vertical layer or wedge similar to a ice-wedge or columnar structure that in a cold environment, and there is a difference in shape and size. The vertical layer appears to have occurred three or more cycles. The vertical layers begin to form at a certain height within the outcrop and descend downwards, which of course is difficult to see as directing certain times.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: Measurement equipment was developed for inorganic nutrient concentration inside the hydroponic culture medium with several macro- and micro compositions, and applied for measuring the compositions of conventional medium. METHODS AND RESULTS: Before the equipment development, sonicator and heater were utilized to control temperature around of the module mixing with color reagents and target samples among the inorganic compositions. The measurement module and multi-sampler were also manufactured based on the COMS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) and installed inside the measurement equipment. Concentration of standard solution, value measured by the equipment, standard deviation or measured average value were used for estimating the accuracy and average recall of the equipment. Yamazaki solutions with EC of 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 dS/m were offered to confirm the equipment accuracy and standard error. CONCLUSION: It was suggested that the developed equipment could be automatically applied for measurement with accuracy of over 96% and standard errors of less than 5% on 12 macro- and micro compositions such as a NO3-N, PO43- or Fe.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.252-260
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• 2020

Background: In this study, the bleaching effect and surface damage of two types of over-the-counter home tooth bleaching agents were explored using an in vitro study of bleaching agents applied to bovine teeth specimens for 14 days. Methods: Domestic over-the-counter home tooth bleaching agents of gel and patch form that shared common active ingredients and manufacturers were selected and tested. The experiment specimens were made using composite resin with bovine tooth samples and then measured the initial microhardness. Specimens were then divided into a Gel group and a Patch group and underwent bleaching treatment once a day for two weeks for 30 to 60 minutes (recommended) or 7 hours. All specimens were coffee-stained prior to bleaching. The bleaching effect was measured using a spectrophotometer and surface damage was measured using a microhardness meter. Results: The difference in color following the bleaching procedure was positive in both the Gel and Patch group, although there were no statistically significant differences in bleaching effect between groups. There was no significant difference in bleaching effect based on duration. The microhardness test revealed that both the Gel group and the Patch group had surface damage after bleaching. The greatest surface damage was found in the Patch group that had undergone a 7-hour bleaching treatment, although the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The bleaching effect of the home tooth bleaching agent was visible to the naked eye. However, longer applications than recommended did not result in greater bleaching, unlike consumers' expectations, and instead increased the chance of enamel damage. As such, there is a need for consumers to be alert and adhere to recommendations provided by each company.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1363-1372
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• 2021

Red tide, defined as the major reproduction of harmful birds, has the characteristics of being generated and diffused in a wide area. This has limitations in detection only with the existing investigation method. Therefore, in this study, red tide was detected using a remote sensing technique. In addition, it was intended to increase the accuracy of detection by using optical characteristics, not just the concentration of chlorophyll. Red tide mainly occurs on the southern coast where sea signals are complex, and the main red tide control species on the southern coast is Cochlodinium polykirkoides. Therefore, it was intended to secure objectivity by reflecting features that could not be found depending on the researcher's observation and experience, not limited to visual judgment using machine learning techniques. In this study, support background machines and random forest were used among machine learning models, and as a result of calculating accuracy as performance evaluation indicators of the two models, the accuracy was 85.7% and 80.2%, respectively.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.457-462
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• 2021

This study is about production techniques that can improve visual immersion in VR games. First, we reviewed the theory of VR games, current status, visual and immersion through prior work, and selected samples to extract key components that can improve visual immersion in VR games. and, VR games were produced and developed by applying the concept of COVID-19, which is currently popular around the world. As a result, the resolution of technical Element's, frame rate, viewing angle, brightness of lighting, design quality, and Contextual Element's storytelling, background, directing, color, texture, interest and fun because is Significant results that can induce and improve immersion were obtained, and in the end, smooth gameplay was realized. Through this research process and results, it is expected that it will be a basic data in the field of production and development of VR games that can induce and improve users' visual immersion in the future.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.71-77
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• 2022

It is a reality that office workers in modern society cannot overlook their appearance management for promotion in the workplace that does not fall behind in competition with others and smooth human relationships. According to this social trend, it is time to conduct an in-depth cosmetology study on the appearance management and perception of office workers, including hair styles. Therefore, this study analyzed the hair style type and preference closely by cross-analyzing the differences between groups by classifying the occupational persons of female airline crew, female soldiers, female sportsmen, female lawyers, and female nurses into age, marriage, academic background, and occupation. As result of study, it was found that different women in each occupational group had different results, such as their current hair style type and hair texture, the use of current hair styling products, and their personal preference for women's hairstyles and hair colors. This study will be used as basic data for developing new mode items that meet customer needs in the beauty marketing market and researching customer demand.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.331-347
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate historical and geographical environments in the development of the Naxi costumes of Chinese ethnic minorities and their characteristics-including religious cultures and totem worship-and to suggest the direction of fashion design toward the modernization of traditional costumes. The research methodology involved the collection of materials and investigatation into the history, culture, and characteristics of Naxi costumes; in particular, the "seven-star" sheepskin cape, one of the Naxi people's important ethnic costumes as demonstrated by the women's clothing that has been designed in reflection of this traditional costume. The results are as follows. First, Naxi costumes are found to have overall coherence and distinct locality when retained in the process of modernizing the traditional costume. The theme of this work is titled "By the Light of the Moon and the Stars," which is expressed in contemporary fashion by the use of grey and dark red against a background of black, a color preferred by the Naxi people. Second, the Naxi people's seven-star sheepskin cape is a symbol of women's clothing with its characteristic patterns, shapes, and colors, and it is subject to creative modernization while retaining its unique ethnic characteristics. Third, the work expresses the contemporary stylishness of the costume while maintaining the customary decorative accessories from the Naxi people's traditional culture.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.219-226
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• 2021

Background: Proper detection and management of dental plaque are essential for individual oral health. We aimed to evaluate the maturation level of dental plaque using a two-tone disclosing agent and to compare it with the fluorescence of dental plaque on the quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) image to obtain primary data for the development of a new dental plaque scoring system. Methods: Twenty-eight subjects who consented to participate after understanding the purpose of the study were screened. The images of the anterior teeth were obtained using the QLF device. Subsequently, dental plaque was stained with a two-tone disclosing solution and a photograph was obtained with a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera. The staining scores were assigned as follows: 0 for no staining, 1 for pink staining, and 2 for blue staining. The marked points on the DSLR images were selected for RGB color analysis. The relationship between dental plaque maturation and the red/green (R/G) ratio was evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation. Additionally, different red fluorescence values according to dental plaque accumulation were assessed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Scheffe's post-hoc test to identify statistically significant differences between the groups. Results: A comparison of the intensity of red fluorescence according to the maturation of the two-tone stained dental plaque confirmed that R/G ratio was higher in the QLF images with dental plaque maturation (p<0.001). Correlation analysis between the stained dental plaque and the red fluorescence intensity in the QLF image confirmed an excellent positive correlation (p<0.001). Conclusion: A new plaque scoring system can be developed based on the results of the present study. In addition, these study results may also help in dental plaque management in the clinical setting.