• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.111-130
• /
• 2007

There are a few hundreds of Jaesil architectures in Andong area, Kyungbook Province. Among them, about 25 of them have elevated pavilion, while all the rest do not have. This paper focus on these jaesils with elevated pavilion, and tried to identify the different types among them, the background of the beginning of these jaesils, as well as eleveted pavilion. Five different types could be clarified, and they could be reinterpreted according to the background cause of the construction of these types. Three major background reasons for the construction of jaesils with elevated pavilion, seems to be: 1) necessity of such pavilion to be able to clomplete the system of Jaesil, 2) borrowing of temple structure where there is not large wooden floor, and 3) eclectic combination of pavilion and main hall (Gangdand 講堂). Such study helps us understand not only the jaesils with eleveted pavilion, but also the general jaesils without eleveted pavilion. The inclusion of eleveted pavilion has a lot to do with the symbolic expression of the family, use of large space for the family gathering, as well as the popular trends of pavilion architecture of the time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2016.10a
• /
• pp.149-152
• /
• 2016

In this paper, we propose an algorithm to track human body of input video from a single camera. The proposed method gets the difference image between gray image of input image and one of background image and also the difference image between hue image of input image and one of background image. Then we combine the results, splits foreground and background and detect human body objects. Then each object is numbered and is tracked. The proposed method tracks each object using the intensity and hue histogram of local area in objects. The proposed method is applied to video from a camera and tracked well the hided objects and the overlapped objects.

• The Journal of Information Technology
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.27-39
• /
• 2007

Object tracking in a real time environment is one of challenging subjects in computer vision area during past couple of years. This paper proposes a method of object detection and tracking using adaptive background estimation in real time environment. To obtain a stable and adaptive background, we combine 3-frame differential method and running average single gaussian background model. Using this background model, we can successfully detect moving objects while minimizing false moving objects caused by noise. In the tracking phase, we propose a matching criteria where the weight of position and inner brightness distribution can be controlled by the size of objects. Also, we adopt a Kalman Filter to overcome the occlusion of tracked objects. By experiments, we can successfully detect and track objects in real time environment.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2020

Most of the background subtraction algorithms show good performance in static scenes. In the case of dynamic scenes, they frequently cause false alarm to "temporal clutter", a repetitive motion within a certain area. In this paper, we propose a robust technique for the multiple interval pixel sampling (MIS) algorithm to handle highly dynamic scenes. An adaptive threshold scheme is used to suppress false alarms in low-confidence regions. We also utilize multiple background models in the foreground segmentation process to handle repetitive background movements. Experimental results revealed that our approach works well in handling various temporal clutters.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.20 no.12
• /
• pp.1585-1598
• /
• 2011

Emission reduction program for in-use diesel vehicles (ERPDV) has been enacted since 2004 over the Seoul metropolitan area, and diesel emission reduction is forced to fulfill this regulation. This study was performed to evaluate the ERPDV using $PM_{10}$ concentrations of both road-side monitoring and national background network during the period of 2004-2010. In order to assess the pure road emission, we first eliminated the long range transport effect by deducting the trend of annual national background concentrations from the road-side $PM_{10}$ concentrations, and then analyzed the time series of the resultant $PM_{10}$ concentrations over Seoul metropolitan area. The annual rates of variations of road-side $PM_{10}$ with the deduction of trend of background level show -3.2, +0.4, and -2.4 ${\mu}g/m^3$/year, in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyonggi province, respectively. There are steadily decreasing trend in Seoul with all of statistic parameters such as mean, mediam, 5%ile, 10%ile, 25%ile, 75%ile, 90%ile, and 95%ile concentrations. Incheon shows some fluctuations with positive with no significant trend, and Gyonggi province shows overall decreasing but not consistent. Student-t test shows 95% significant level of ERPDV effect in Seoul, but there exists no significant level greater than 90% in both Incheon, and Kyonggi province. Total annual averaged trend over the whole Seoul metropolitan area is estimated to lie in approximately $-2.9{\mu}g/m^3$/year in this study, implying the intimate involvement of ERPDV to a large extent. This is also suggesting that the further research cost-effectiveness of ERPDV with consideration of the long range transport process would be needed over the Seoul metropolitan area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.18-31
• /
• 1999

The research deals with external space Seowon(lecture hall) dedicated to education and memorial rises in Sangju area of Choson Dynasty. Characteristics of Seowon as follow; 1. Seowon of Sangju area were built from the middle of 17C to the beginning of 18C. Ideological background of building functioning were grafted into the belief in the three God governing Childbirth, the theory of feng-shui(wind-and water-magic) which is in close connection with the principles of yin and yang, and confucianism and the philosophy of lao-tze and chung-tze. The formation of space were horizontally arrangement and vertical arrangement as the first-learning and then-ancestor shrine of Youngnam provinces. 2. Background and factors of site selection were applied geographical feature, tried to connect owner home town. 3. The shape of path of flow were simple of vertical and curved composition, were continued, were stabilized through composition of human scale's space by reasonable internal. A case of Sangju area, D/H ratio of the front area of buildings and courts was as follows. D/H=1>Hyangkyo> houses on the river>temples>lecture halls. D/H ratio ot the backside areas is as follows. D/H=1>Hyangkyo>houses on the river>lecture halls. 4. Inner garden were planted deciduous than evergreen trees with Lagerstroemia indica. Enclosed dominant trees were planted by Pinus densiflora, Querces seuata.construct GEM strain, and examined for the expression and functional stability in microcosms.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2004

Present study analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of PM10 pollution in Metropolitan Daegu area based on air pollution monitoring station data and measurements of PM10 concentrations in background area in order to provide essential data for efficient PM10 pollution management. The significant variation of spatial and temporal PM10 concentrations in Daegu area was observed during the study years. The highest maximum PM10 concentration(332 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥), average concentration(88 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥) and frequency exceeding PM10 daily standard(150 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥) were all observed in Namsandong located near a major roadway. The hourly and weekly variations of PM10 concentrations had different pattern for the measurement sites. The monthly and seasonal concentrations exhibited a notable characteristic： the maximum concentration was obtained in spring season, most likely due to Yellow sand effects. Furthermore, this temporal variation of PM10 pollution varied with study site. Meanwhile, the PM10 values measured at the monitoring site, Manchondong, were comparable with those of a control site. The average PM10 concentration ranged from 23 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ to 115 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ with a mean value of 53 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ in the former site and from 22 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ to 91 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ with a mean value of 45 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ in the latter site.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.419-425
• /
• 1999

In this paper, we present an algorithm of real time facial expression and gesture recognition for image sequence on the gray level. A mixture algorithm of a template matching and knowledge based geometrical consideration of a face were adapted to locate the face area in input image. And optical flow method applied on the area to recognize facial expressions. Also, we suggest hand area detection algorithm form a background image by analyzing entropy in an image. With modified hand area detection algorithm, it was possible to recognize hand gestures from it. As a results, the experiments showed that the suggested algorithm was good at recognizing one's facial expression and hand gesture by detecting a dominant motion area on images without getting any limits from the background image.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.65 no.3
• /
• pp.477-486
• /
• 2016

This paper presents the area classification, identification, and tracking for multiple moving objects with the similar colors. To do this, first, we use the GMM(Gaussian Mixture Model)-based background modeling method to detect the moving objects. Second, we propose the use of the binary and morphology of image in order to eliminate the shadow and noise in case of detection of the moving object. Third, we recognize ROI(region of interest) of the moving object through labeling method. And, we propose the area classification method to remove the background from the detected moving objects and the novel method for identifying the classified moving area. Also, we propose the method for tracking the identified moving object using Kalman filter. To the end, we propose the effective tracking method when detecting the multiple objects with the similar colors. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility and applicability of the proposed algorithms through some experiments.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.463-474
• /
• 2017

Heterogeneous background fractures of granite and sedimentary rocks in Gyeongju LILW (low-intermediate level radioactive waste) facility area have been characterized quantitatively by analyzing fracture parameters (orientation, intensity, and size). Surface geological survey, electrical resistivity survey, and acoustic televiewer log data were used to characterize the heterogeneity of background fractures. Bootstrap method was applied to represent spatial anisotropy of variably oriented background fractures in the study area. As a result, the fracture intensity was correlated to the inverse distance from the faults weighted by nearest fault size and the mean value of electrical resistivity and the average volumetric fracture intensity ($P_{32}$) was estimated as $3.1m^2/m^3$. Size (or equivalent radius) of the background fractures ranged from 1.5 m to 86 m and followed to power-law distribution based on the fractal property of fracture size, using fractures measured on underground silos and identified surface faults.