• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.773-777
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• 2011

Conventional ultrasonic thickness measurement is to be considered as the assumption that the ultrasonic velocity is known. In actual applications the velocity is often not well known and access is often limited to one side. This paper aims at determining the ultrasonic velocity and thickness of plates with parallel or wedged surfaces using contact measurements made on one surface only. For wedged plates the thickness at one point and the wedge angle are determined. Equations are used for determining the ultrasonic velocity, thickness and wedge angle of the plate based on the times-of-flight measured by two contact transducers coupled to one surface. The time-of-flight of the obliquely reflected longitudinal wave echo was measured as a function of the separation between the two transducers. In addition, a simulation was made for comparing the experimental data and a FEM image. Experiments and simulations were performed on flat and wedged plates of aluminium materials; the calculated results for the unknown quantities are generally agreed with them to some degree.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 1989

In order to determine the form and the length of saline wedge, it is necessary to evaluate interfacial friction factor. Hetherto one dimensional two-layer flow model which assumed pressure as the hydrostatic pressure distribution has been well used to the calculation of saline wedge form, it just then stands in need of relevant interfacial friction factor. For example, in the case where we calculate back to interfacial friction factor out of saline wedge form obtained at a laboratory open channel with comparatively narrow width, it is needed to correct the side-wall effect of a channel, if generally negligible in the river. In this study, we confirmed the influence of a side-wall upon the lateral velocity distributions at laboratory channel and then examined in detail the value of interfacial friction factor in the case where it was corrected by the side-wall effect and not corrected. And then we make clear the influence of a side-wall upon the arrested saline wedge and interfacial faction factor from these results.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.84-88
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• 2016

Objective: Generally, it is known that there is a correlation between excessive calcaneus eversion and a patient with low back pain and it also affects pelvic alignment. However, there are not enough studies that show calcaneal eversion having an effect on the alignment of the trunk. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A 3-dimensional motion analysis system was used to assess the lower limbs, pelvic alignment, and trunk alignment with increased unilateral and bilateral calcaneal eversion in twenty-one subjects. All subjects were asked to maintain a static posture for seven seconds on a wedge three times per posture for measurement and analysis purposes. The wedge used in the process was a lateral wedge with a 10-degree tilt to the lateral direction. To unify all of the subjects' foot position, the front and inner side of the wedge were marked. The height of the tilted wedge's inner side and flat wedge were balanced equally in order to be able to maintain the lateral part of the foot to the same height when producing an increased calcaneal eversion. Results: Comparing the changes in trunk and pelvic alignment in accordance to calcaneal eversion for each posture, there was a significant different in the X and Y-axis for each posture, but not in the Z-axis (p<0.05). Thus, it can be confirmed that calcaneal eversion in the sagittal plane and frontal plane may have and effect on the pelvis and the trunk. Conclusions: Postures with increased bilateral and unilateral calcaneal eversion has an effect on pelvic alignment, but does not cause any changes in trunk alignment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.30-35
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• 2020

The light guide plate (LGP) provides a surface light source on the back of the liquid crystal display (LCD), which is not self-emitting; thus, it is an essential component of display units requiring sufficient brightness. To maximize the light-emitting effect of an LGP, enough incident light, from the light source, should enter into its side. However, the current trend in LCD panels is represented by larger and thinner screens and this smaller thickness prevents the accordingly thin LGPs from providing sufficient brightness. This paper proposes a process for manufacturing wedge-type LGPs, which might increase the amount of incident light and, consequently the surface light emission, for applications in large LCDs. The proposed method was validated by building a dedicated manufacturing machine and performing illuminance experiments on the fabricated LGP.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.315-323
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• 2015

The weld scallop has been used for joining T-bars. There are a lot of weld scallops in shipbuilding. It is difficult to perform scallop welding due to the inconvenient welding position. This results in many problems such as porosity, slag inclusion, etc. In this study, a new method is devised to remove weld scallops by incorporating a Ceramic Backing Material (CBM). The weld scallop is removed by an elongation of the v groove. In order to insert a CBM into the groove without a weld scallop, a wedge-shaped CBM is developed. The top side of the developed CBM is similar to the shape of a general back bead. The bottom surface has a saw-toothed shape for cutting at a suitable length. This can be attached to the root side of a face plate using adhesive tape, just like a general CBM. Welding experiments in normal and abnormal conditions are carried out and the possibility of burn-through is examined. This CBM's applicability to shipbuilding is verified.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2007

Even though there were no clear definitions of the short game and short game distance, short game capability is crucial for a good golf score. Generally, chip shot and pitch shot are regarded as two principal components of the short game. Chip shot is a short, low trajectory shot played to the green or from trouble back into play. Pitch shot is a high trajectory shot of short length. Biomechanical studies were conducted usually to analyze full swing and putting motions. The purpose of the study was to reveal the kinematical differences between professional golfers' 30 yard $53^{\circ}wedge$ chip shot and $56^{\circ}wedge$ pitch shot motions. Fifteen male professional golfers were recruited for the study. Kinematical data were collected by the 60 Hz three-dimensional motion analysis system. Statistical comparisons were made by paired t-test, ANOVA, and Duncan of the SPSS 12.0K with the $\alpha$ value of .05. Results show that both the left hand and the ball were placed left of the center of the left and right foot at address. The left hand position of the chip shot was significantly left side of that of the pitch shot. But the ball position of the pitch shot was significantly right side of that of the chip shot. All body segments aligned to the left of the target line, open, at address. Except shoulder, there were no significant pelvis, knee, and feet alignment differences between chip shot and pitch shot. These differences at address seem for the ball height control. Pitch shot swing motions(the shoulder and pelvis rotation and the club head travel distance) were significantly bigger than those of the chip shot. Club head velocity of the pitch shot was significantly faster than that of the chip shot at the moment of impact. This was for the same shot length control with different lofted clubs. Swing motion differences seem mainly caused by the same shot length control with different ball height control.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.83-99
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• 1994

Ch'ang-Ts'al-Ts'un is a rural Village near Lung-jing City in Yen-pien Korean Autonomous Province of China. It was formed about 100 years ago by Korean Immigrants and has been developed maintaing the characteristics of traditional Korean architecture. Therefore investigating the spatial structure of this village is a meanigful work to confirm and explore one branch of Korean architecture. This study aims at analyzing the spatial structure of the village using direct data collected from the field work and indirect data from books and maps. The field work consists of on-the-site survey of the village layout, interviews of residents, observation notes and photography. Ch'ang-Ts'ai-Ts'un is located 360-370 m high above the sea level and at the side of a long valley. A river flows in the middle of the valley and relatively flat arable land exists at the both sides of the river. The location of the village related to the surrounding river and mountains suggests that the site of the village was chosen according to Feng-Shui, Chinese and Korean traditional architectural theory. The main direction of the house layouts is South-western. The village has been growing gradually until today. Therefore it is meaningful to make the village layout before Liberation(1946 A.D.) because the characteristics of Korean architecture prevailed more in that period. The area of the previous village is limited to the west side of the creek. New houses were later added to the east of the creek, forming a 'New Village'. Previously the village was composed of 3 small villages: Up, Middle and Down. Also the main access roads connecting the village with the neighboring villages were penetrating the village transversely. Presently the main access road comes to the village longitudinally from the main highway located in front of the village. The retrospective layout shows the existence of well-formed Territory, Places and Axes, thus suggesting a coherent Micro-cosmos. The boundary of imaginery territory perceived by present residents could be defined by linking conspicous outside places sorrounding the village such as Five-mountains, Front-mountain, Shin-dong village, Standing-rock, Rear-mountain and Myong-dong village. Inside the territory there are also the important places such as Bus-stop, Memorial tower of patriots, Road-maitenance building and the village itself. And inside it 5 transverse and 1 longitudinal axes exist in the form of river, roads and mountains. The perceived spatial structure of the village formed by Places, Axes and Territory is geometrical and well-balanced and suggests this village is fit for human settlement. The administrative area of the village is about 738 ha, 27 % of which is cultivated land and the rest is mountain area. Initially the village and surrounndings were covered with natural forest But the trees have been gradually cut down for building and warning houses, resulting in the present barren and artificial landscape with bare mountains and cultivated land. At present the area of the village occupied by houses is wedge-shaped, 600 m wide and 220 m deep in its maximum. The total area of the village is $122,175m^{2}$. The area and the rate of each sub-division arc as follow. 116 house-lots $91,465m^{2}$ (74.9 %) Land for public buildings and shops $2,980m^{2}$ (2.4 %) Roads $17,106m^{2}$ (14.0 %) Creek $1,356m^{2}$ (1.1 %) Vacant spaces and others $9,268m^{2}$ (7.6 %) TOTAL $122,175m^{2}$ (100.0 %) Each lot is fenced around with vertical wooden pannels 1.5-1.8 m high and each house is located to the backside of the lot. The open space of a lot is sub-divided into three areas using the same wooden fence: Front yard, Back yard and Access area. Front and back yards are generally used for crop-cultivation, the custom of which is rare in Korea. The number of lots is 116 and the average size of area is $694.7m^{2}$. Outdoor spaces in the village such as roads, vacant spaces, front yard of the cultural hall, front yard of shops and spacse around the creek are good 'behavioral settings' frequently used by residents for play, chatting, drinking and movie-watching. The road system of the village is net-shaped, having T-junctions in intersections. The road could be graded to 4 categories according to their functions: Access roads, Inner trunk roads, Connecting roads and Culs-de-sac. The total length of the road inside the village is 3,709 m and the average width is 4.6 m. The main direction of the road in the village is NNE-SSE and ESE-WNW, crossing with right angles. Conclusively, the spatial structure of Ch'ang-Ts'ai-Ts'un village consists of various components in different dimensions and these components form a coherent structure in each dimension. Therefore the village has a proper spatial structure meaningful and appropriate for human living.