• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
• /
• v.3
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes brought by the upper body form using a three-dimensional human body measurement the gypsum method. The developed plane figure was constructed using paper replica to analyze the dimensional shape of the upper torso and to be able to design clothes suitable for elderly women's physical characteristics. The characteristics are analyzed and compared with existing patterns in order to extract the components for the pattern design. The examination was carried out based on the developed plane figures of upper body surface replicas. Type 1, the bent-forward body form, has a wide gap on the shoulder. In Type 2, the gap of waist line was wide at angulus scapulae point. Type 3 was the thin body form, and the girth of the chest, front interscye breadth and back interscye breadth were more level with one another, compared to the other types. In Type 4, the bent-backward body form, there was a wide gap on front shoulder. Comparison with the developed plane figure and existed pattern, items revealed differences in significance included the front and back interscye width between the measured values of the existed patterns and the developed plane figure. Therefore, the basic components of basic bodice pattern for old women were determined in the up-bust circumference and length of the back.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.1205-1215
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of local heating and cooling of various body parts on the skin temperature of the exposed extremities including neck. Hot pack was used to warm up the body of seven participants for 15 minutes and it was removed as the temperature of the hot pack decreased after 15minutes of warming. Thermograms of body surface with and without hot pack were analyzed intensively to observe the efficiency of the local heating of shoulder, abdomen, back waist, and foot on the skin temperature of ten area of the subjects' body. The results indicated that the absolute skin temperature of front upper arm and thigh was significantly higher depending on the area of heating, especially, in case of abdomen and foot heating, which was not observed at the back of the body. The rate of skin temperature of extremities such as finger, palm and foot was significantly different depending on the body area of local heating. Generally, it was found that back waist heating was not efficient to warm up and maintain the skin temperature of the body after removing the hot pack.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.105-110
• /
• 1998

In the make-up product, Eye-shadow products have several purposes of enhancing product quality such as providing the beauty (variation of shape, clean appearance), feeling, continuity and adhesion. In this paper, newly developed wet type back injection press process is introduced so as to increase higher value products which providing various the beauty. The solvent takes an essential role to provide the fluidity of the powder bulk during the pressed-process of wet type pressed product. In this study, the effect of solvent in the oil binder was investigated, And the higher quality condition of the wet type pressed product was built to apply cosmetic preparation. Firstly, the system was designed powder phase as non treated pigment. The oil binder phase is categorized as hydrocarbons(Mineral oil, Squalane), Silicones(Methicone, Dimethicone ), esters (Octyldodecanol, Octyl Dodecyl Myristate). The solvent phase used was C 7-8 isoparaffin and Isopropyl Alcohol. The interaction of oil binder and solvent is investigated by measuring mass of final oil binder and the each solubility parameter. It was found that the higher the solubility the higher the degree of change in the final composition of the oil binder. In order to maintain the quality of the final product, the solvent used in pressed-process should be hydrophobic with oil binder.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.67-79
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to provide basic date on the causes and factors related with the workload on board for Korea Seaman's Low Back Pain. The date had been acquisited through the questionaires of those and analysed in Korea Institute of Maritime and Fisheries Technology from February 10 to April 10 in 1999. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The incidence of Occupational low back pain for the recent 12 months has been recorded as 56.2% of the subject. 2. The highter Occupational satisfaction has the lower incidence of low back pain(p＜0.01). and the person who takes a rest(p＜0.05) and physical exercise regularly(p＜0.01) has lower experience of the incidence. 3. The incidence of low back pain by charateristics of vessel was turn out as 59.3% of the fishing vessel, 55.3% merchantmarine and 52.9% of the vessel of special purpose. The incidence of each department of a ship has recorded as 54.3% of Deck Dept. 59.2% of engine Dept but there was little relationship between those. And the longer period of work and on-board service has the hither incidence of the higher incdence(p＜0.01). 4. The fittness of the working table (p＜0.01) and chair(p＜0.01) has affeced the incidence of low back pain significantly 5. The higher incidence of low back pain has been experienced in case of working: in back posture, and lifting up or carrying a heavy load(p＜0.01) 6. The major cause of low back pain was turned out as excessive workload(26.5%) and stress (18.5%) ; the stress(24.1%) and excessive overwork(22.4%) for Deck dept. and excessive workload(32.3%) and bad position(21.7%) for Engine Dept(P＜0.01)

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.35-55
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the somatotypes of women in the early 20's, which were likely to deform due to bad posture in growth period. Accordingly, bodies of women aged 20 to 24, whose growth stopped, were measured directly and indirectly, and factors related to body shapes were extracted, body shapes were categorized based on the data, and the characteristics of each body shape were analyzed. As a result, 10 factors related to body shapes were extracted in the factor analysis, and body shapes were categorized into 6 types. Type 1 was the volume of body that was big and the longest; and the general frame was large. The straight body shape with small back protrusion; the shoulder is relatively thick and the width of the shoulder was normal. Type 2 was the volume of body that was the biggest and the upper body was the longest; the general frame was of average height. The forward body shape with the back flat; the shoulder was very thick, wide, and serious leaning forward. Type 3 was a body that was thin and the shortest. The sway-back body shape with big curvature at the back; the shoulder was thin, narrow, and straight. Type 4 was a body that was short stature, and the general frame was of average build. The forward body shape with the most serious back protrusion; the shoulder was normally thick, narrow, and straight. Type 5 was a group with small body, and the lower body and general frame are long. The sway-back body shape with protrusion at the upper shoulder and the sides leaning backward; the shoulder was thin, wide, and leaning forward. Type 6 was a thin and short body; and the general frame was small. The lean-back body shape with the smallest back protrusion and leaning backward; the shoulder was thin, narrow, and leaning backward. Characteristics of the classified body shapes can be used in producing ready-made clothes, and it is hoped that there will be follow-up studies on clothing pattern design and production based on this result.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.929-944
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze two original forms of slacks for thesis to extract outward appearance of design original form applying design measures of the above through diverse research methods. The results of this study are as follow: In original form F, the original form of slacks sloper suitable to elderly women 65~9 years old was W/4+3.5+0.5cm in the front/back circumference of waist, H/4cm in the front/back circumference of hip, (H/4+1+3.8)/2cm in the position of centerline, 19cm in actual measurement value of hip length, 25cm in actual measurement value of crotch depth, (knee crotch circumference~bottom line)/2+10cm and 90 (side waist dot~ lateral malleolus length)cm in actual measurement. front dart position was 1/3 and 2/3 of front waist centerline and back dart position was 1/3 and 2/3 of back waist circumference. It was suggested that front dart quantity (length) was 3.5(11)cm, back dart quantity 3.4 (10.2)cm, side waist up quantity 0.7cm, back down quantity 1.5cm, front crotch width (H/4+1)/4-1cm, back crotch width (H/4+1)/4+4, front knee width 21.8cm, back knee width 24.4cm, front pant leg 20.8cm, and back pant leg 23.4cm.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.73-89
• /
• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this review is to analyze domestic and foreign studies related to the effect of Korean Medicine Treatment for Postpartum Back Pain. Methods: Clinical studies applying Korean Medicine Treatment on Postpartum Back Pain were searched using domestic and foreign search engines up to December 2022. After searching studies, we analyzed selected studies and 11 studies were selected as a result. Results: All of the patients studied in the case study showed a decrease in Postpartum Back Pain after treatment compared to before treatment and in the control study, it was found that indices evaluating Postpartum Back Pain after treatment were significantly improved in the experimental group compared to before treatment in the experimental group. It was found that the scores of the relevant indicators were more significantly improved in the experimental group than control group. Conclusions: Korean Medicine Treatment is effective for Postpartum Back Pain. In the future, studies to analyze the specific effects and safety of each Korean Medicine Treatment for postpartum back pain and well-designed studies will be needed to establish the foundation of Korean Medicine Treatment for Postpartum Back Pain.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.93-102
• /
• 2013

Atmospheric transport pathway of an air mass is an important constraint controlling the chemical properties of the air mass observed at a designated location. Such information could be utilized for understanding observed temporal variabilities in atmospheric concentrations of long-lived chemical compounds, of which sinks and/or sources are related particularly with natural and/or anthropogenic processes in the surface, and as well as for performing inversions to constrain the fluxes of such compounds. The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART provides a useful tool for estimating detailed particle dispersion during atmospheric transport, a significant improvement over traditional "single-line" trajectory models that have been widely used. However, those without a modeling background seeking to create simple back-trajectory maps may find it challenging to optimize FLEXPART for their needs. In this study, we explain how to set up, operate, and optimize FLEXPART for back-trajectory analysis, and also provide automatization programs based on the open-source R language. Discussions include setting up an "AVAILABLE" file (directory of input meteorological fields stored on the computer), creating C-shell scripts for initiating FLEXPART runs and storing the output in directories designated by date, as wells as processing the FLEXPART output to create figures for a back-trajectory "footprint" (potential emission sensitivity within the boundary layer). Step by step instructions are explained for an example case of calculating back trajectories derived for Anmyeon-do, Korea for January 2011. One application is also demonstrated in interpreting observed variabilities in atmospheric $CO_2$ concentration at Anmyeon-do during this period. Back-trajectory modeling information introduced in this study should facilitate the creation and automation of most common back-trajectory calculation needs in atmospheric research.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2004.08a
• /
• pp.711-714
• /
• 2004

A new design for improving the aperture ratio of bottom emission type AMOLED is investigated. In conventional, the TFT of AMOLED fabrication method is "Etch Stopper (7-mask)", so the aperture ratio is limited in 28${\sim}$33% by Cs(Storage Capacitor). A high aperture ratio TFT is designed by using BCE(Back Channel Etching 5-mask) fabrication way and the aperture ratio is up to 40% shown in 2.2"AMOLED display.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.1089-1094
• /
• 1995

Methods for the measurement of copper(II) complexing capacity (CuCC) of natural waters by using the back-extraction of bis(benzoyl-trifluoroacetonate)copper(II) and the extraction rate of dithizonato-copper(II) complex were described. Experimental results show that the CuCC of the Kiryu river water samples from urban area were consistently larger than those from up-stream, due to a ligand which originated from human activities.