• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2023

Objective: Patients with scoliosis complain of various symptoms such as muscle imbalance, dysfunction, back pain, abnormal posture and gait abnormality. The most basic treatment for scoliosis is to observe the progress based on conservative treatment. Therefore, in this case report, the effect of cytoskeletal manual therapy (CMT), a soft tissue mobilization technique, on pain intensity, muscle thickness, and pressure pain threshold (PPT) in a patient with scoliosis was investigated. Design: A case report Methods: A 25-year-old male diagnosed with scoliosis visited the Neuromusculoskeletal Science Laboratory with chronic back pain. In the laboratory, scoliosis was confirmed through the X-ray image used for his diagnosis, and it was confirmed again through Adam's forward bending test. Pain, pressure pain threshold and muscle thickness were measured to compare the immediate effects of CMT applied in the laboratory for 40 minutes. Treatments were visited two weeks after the first visit and outcome measures were assessed after a total of two visits. Results: After receiving CMT up to the second session, the pain intensity decreased by 4 points and the screening angle decreased by 15 degrees. Muscle thickness decreased in all but 10 mm on the dominant side of the thoracic spine. All of the PPTs increased, and the greatest increase was 3.1 lb on the dominant side of the thoracic spine. Conclusions: CMT showed positive improvement in pain during trunk flexion, spinal curvature, muscle imbalance, and pressure pain, which is considered as an ancillary treatment option for scoliosis management.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.185-198
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to obtain information necessary for the development of patient clothes that can reduce physical fatigue of caregivers by quantitatively measuring the muscle load and fatigue. The patient clothes used in this study can be broken down into three types: A type (back center zipper open suit), B type (top-to bottom separated patient clothes), and C type (front zipper open suit). The EMG measurement sites are as follows: hand muscle (brachioradialis), upper arm (biceps, triceps), shoulder (anterior deltoid, medial deltoid, posterior deltoid, upper trapezius), and waist (erector spinae); additionally, the EMG signals were measured. Through this experiment, muscle load, muscle energy consumption, and muscle fatigue generation tendency were analyzed. The results of the study revealed that the C type patient clothes required the most strength in the muscles of the shoulders, upper arms, hands, and back when being put on and taken off compared to other patient clothes. The A type clothes required a relatively large force in opening the zipper. In terms of muscle energy consumption, B type generally called for more strength when it came to the zip-up and putarmsup motions. With regard to the cover the body and put legs/hips up motions, C type used the highest amount of muscle energy, whereas A type used relatively little energy. In terms of the occurrence of muscle fatigue during the putting on and taking off of the patient's clothing, there was a difference in the area and degree of muscle fatigue in the A, B, and C types, and there was also a tendency for muscle fatigue to occur when performing repetitive movements.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2024

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to use oral instruction and taping to induce abdominal draw-in in the previous study, but there is a lack of research on the comparison of effects. Therefore, in this study, we would like to study how the effect of oral instruction, taping, and no feedback can affect muscle activity when performing abdominal draw-in pier exercises. Methods : Before the experiment, group A trained piers and applied only draw-in piers, group B applied taping feedback, and group C were divided into three groups per week for six weeks, and three sets of contractions for five seconds per group were performed five times, and a minute break was provided between each exercise. As a measurement tool, a wireless surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure surface electromyography (Telemyo-DTS, NORAXON, USA) that derives a synthetic unit of muscle using a surface electrode. For statistical processing of data, the analysis is performed using the SPSS/PC Version 25.0 statistical program for Windows, and the statistical significance level is a=.05 Results : First, the duration was somewhat shorter in order to more accurately compare the muscle activity of the core muscles. Therefore, future research needs to be research that can be exercises with precise biofeedback and taping applied over a longer period of time. Secondly, it is believed that there is no significant difference, since the subjects were studied in healthy young adult men and women, not patients. Thirdly, they could not control the daily life of the subjects. Through future research, it is necessary to analyze the correlation between muscle activity and abdominal muscle thickness by adding ultrasound in addition to muscle activity in various age groups. Conclusion : During draw-in bridge exercise according to feedback, the muscle activity of the back muscle increased, and there was no significant difference in the muscle activity of the back muscle according to each feedback. Therefore, both the feedback applied during the draw-in pier exercise and the control group are effective in changing the thickness of the abdominal muscles.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.166-172
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• 2018

Purpose: This study compared the different sling and resistance exercises on pelvic rotation during active straight leg raises (ASLR) and on pain in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods: Twenty subjects were divided randomly into a sling group (SG) and a resistance exercise group (REG). Internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), rectus abdominis (RA), and rectus femoris (RF) muscle activity; pelvic rotation angle during ASLR; and visual analogue scale, pressure pain threshold were measured. Sling and resistance exercises were then performed for 30 minutes and the measurements taken again. Results: Both groups showed significantly lower RF muscle activity and significantly higher EO and IO muscle activity (p<0.05). The RA muscle activity decreased significantly in the SG, but increased significantly in the REG (p<0.05). The pelvic rotation angle was significantly lower in the SG (p<0.05). The pain press threshold increased significantly in both groups (p<0.05). The visual analogue scale decreased significantly in the SG (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both exercises appear to be beneficial for modifying the muscle activity and pain control in the intervention of CLBP. On the other hand, the sling was more effective in increasing the pressure threshold than resistance exercise, and the pelvic rotation angle was reduced. Therefore, both exercises can help patients with CLBP change their muscle activity and control pain. CLBP patients should use a sling for short periods of time to learn to reduce the pain and control pelvic rotation.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.299-307
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• 2008

In this study, we treated a patient with psychogenic chronic low back pain for 2 years with herbal medication treatment and psychotherapy. The case was a 17 years old female patient complained chronic low back pain for a long time. She received the spine operation, epidural injection, many kind of oriental medicine treatment about low back pain, but there was no improvement. We diagnosed her pain as a psychogenic pain disorder, and treated her with herbal medication for decrease her stress, and did a psychotherapy such as the progressive muscle relaxation, and counseled about trouble with her family. After treatment, her chronic low back pain was improved so much. We think that the herbal medication treatment and psychotherapy can be helpful to treat patients who have psychic and physical disorders.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.119-127
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• 2003

Objective : We found out improvement at low back pain and lumber strength by isotonic lumbar extension training on lumbar strength and self low back exercise stretching program. Methods : We evaluated the symptom's changes VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) and lumbar strength by Medx which could estimate and exercise lumbar muscle. Conclusions: We can decrease low back pain by strengthening lumbar muscle, in additionally when patients are In admission state we may improve lumbar muscle more than Opd. state.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2000

The Sit-and-Reach Test (SRT) is commonly nea to assess flexibility of the spine and length of the hamstring muscle, The purpose of this study was to describe hamstring muscle length as reflected by use of the SRT, the Hip Joint Angle (HJA) and Sack length(from C7 to S2) in children, to examine the correlation between Back length, SRT and HJA measurements and to examine gender differences. The 162 subjects were participated without known musculoskeletal and neurological impairments of their spine or lower exeremities. In the Long-silting position, the Back length, SRT and HJA measurements were obtained. A mean Back length value of 46.2cm, a mean SRT value of 29.4cm and a mean HJA of 77,0 degrees were obtained including all subjects. There was a strong correlation between the SRT and HJA measurements (r=.66). There were a difference between boys and girls in Back(p=.0019) and HJA measurements (p=.015). The results of this study suggest that measurements for the SRT and HJA were correlated than Back. The HJA measurements guide treatment more effectively than do Back length and SRT measurements.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.82-90
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of acupoint and meridian muscle massage given by automatic massage chair. Methods : We recruited 30 patients with back pain who met inclusion criteria. Two weeks were given as a waiting period, and the massage intervention was applied 12 times for 4 weeks. The programmed automatic massage chair was used to provide effective stimulus on acupoints and meridians for 20 minutes. We used Visual analog scale(VAS) and Korean Oswestry Disability Index(KODI) to quantify pain and function. We also recorded patients' all of vital signs and abnormal reactions during the trial to asses to assess safety. Results : Two participants dropped out due to personal reasons and 28 participants completed the clinical trial. We found that the degree of back pain (VAS, KODI) decreased significantly after the trial. As a result, VAS score decreased from $6.44{\pm}0.85$(Visit 2) to $4.59{\pm}1.52$ (Visit 14)(p<0.001), and KODI score was also reduced from $14.79{\pm}5.13$(Visit 14) to $9.04{\pm}4.52$ (Visit 2) (p<0.001). Also, we did not find any adverse effects in this study. Conclusions : We found that the acupoint and meridian muscle massage can effectively decrease back pain. This proves that the massage program designed by Korean medicine can be a good option to patients with back pain. However, further study with controlled design is still needed to verify its effectiveness.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2021

Background: This study was to investigate the effects of active stretching and stability exercise on piriformis muscle thickness and low back pain of male patients with chronic low back pain. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: 45 male patients participated in this study. All subjects were randomly assigned. Subjects divided into 15 who underwent contract relaxation (CR) of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) to their hip joints, 15 who underwent a combination of isotonic (CI) of the PNF, and the rest 15 who underwent the two techniques (CR+CI). Real-time diagnostic ultrasound was used to measure thickness of the piriformis muscles. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to measure degrees of low back pain. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the average values. The SPSS 24.0 was used as the statistical program, and the significance level was set at .05. Results: The CR and the CR+CI groups had more decreased thickness of piriformis muscle when compared to the CI group. The CR+CI group had more decreased pain when compared to the CR and the CI groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that combination of stretching and stability exercise was effective on male patients with chronic low back pain showing limited hip medial rotation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.49-59
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This study examined the relationship between lumbar instability and shortening of the iliopsoas muscles in patients with chronic low back pain. METHODS: Forty-nine patients with chronic low back pain participated in this study. The modified Thomas test was used to examine the shortening state of the iliopsoas muscle. The length of the iliopsoas muscle was measured using the hip flexion angle, and those with a flexion angle of 10° or more were classified as positive. Five subtests were used for the lumbar instability test: testing for prone lumbar instability, passive lumbar extension, anterior-posterior mobility, passive straight leg raise, and age. Those who tested positive for at least three of these tests were classified as positive for the lumbar segment instability test. RESULTS: There was a significant association between the results of the lumbar instability test and the shortening of the iliopsoas test (p < .05). After analyzing the association between the iliopsoas length test and the five lumbar instability subtests, the results of the prone lumbar instability test (p < .001) and the anterior-posterior mobility test (p < .05) showed a significant association with the iliopsoas length test. CONCLUSION: The association between lumbar instability and shortening of the iliopsoas muscles was examined in 49 patients with chronic low back pain. Patients with shortened iliopsoas muscles tested positive in the lumbar instability tests more often. Hence, the length test of the iliopsoas muscle can be used to determine lumbar instability in patients with chronic low back pain.