• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 1972

A survey of piroplasma infections, and trials of therapy of dairy cattle imported from Canada were conducted. The studies were carried out by hematological and clinical examinations, from May to September, 1970. The result obtained were summarized as follows: 1. A considerable damages due to Babesia and Theileria infections of dairy cattle were observed in several dairy farms where Pamaquine and Quinuroneum sulphate treatment was applied. 2. The infection was more commonly found in farms where Korean native cattle was raised previously. 3. The dairy cattle raised on pasture which is lightly infected with ticks were mostly infected with Theileria. The infected cattle were easily recovered after treatment with Pamaquine. 4. Leukocytosis and the left shift of neutrophils were observed in the cattle showing mixed infection with Babesia and Theileria.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the tick-borne pathogens from one hundred nineteen cattle farms (38 farms of Andong, 41 of Yeongju, 12 of Uiseong, 5 of Cheongsong, 5 of Yoengyang, 18 of Bonghwa) in northern areas of Gyeongbuk province by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among 119 cattle farms, the positive ratios against Babesia, Theileria, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia were 3.4% (4/119), 10.1% (12/119), 6.7% (8/119), 1.7% (2/119) and 16.8% (20/119), respectively. Also, the PCR results revealed that 8 farms were positive for T. sergenti in positive of Theileria and 2 farms were positive for A. phagocytophilum in positive of Anaplasma. Therefore, further studies regarding vectors, environmental condition, interaction between domestic and wild animals and development of control program are needed to reduce the numbers of bovine tick-borne disease in northern areas of Gyeongbuk province.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.207-212
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• 2017

Infections of Toxoplasma gondii and Babesia microti are reported in many wild animals worldwide, but information on their incidence and molecular detection in Korean wild fields is limited. In this study, the prevalence of T. gondii and B. microti infection in blood samples of 5 animal species (37 Chinese water deer, 23 raccoon dogs, 6 roe deer, 1 wild boar, and 3 Eurasian badgers) was examined during 2008-2009 in Gangwon-do (Province), the Republic of Korea (=Korea) by using serological and molecular tests. The overall seropositivity of T. gondii was 8.6% (6/70); 10.8% in Chinese water deer, 4.3% in raccoon dogs, and 16.7% in roe deer. PCR revealed only 1 case of T. gondii infection in Chinese water deer, and phylogenic analysis showed that the positive isolate was practically identical to the highly pathogenetic strain type I. In B. microti PCR, the positive rate was 5.7% (4/70), including 2 Chinese water deer and 2 Eurasian badgers. Phylogenetic analysis results of 18S rRNA and the ${\beta}$-tubulin gene showed that all positive isolates were US-type B. microti. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. microti detected in Chinese water deer and Eurasian badger from Korea. These results indicate a potentially high prevalence of T. gondii and B. microti in wild animals of Gangwon-do, Korea. Furthermore, Chinese water deer might act as a reservoir for parasite infections of domestic animals.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2024

The intracellular parasite Babesia microti is among the most significant species causing human babesiosis and is an emerging threat to human health worldwide. Unravelling the pathogenic molecular mechanisms of babesiosis is crucial in developing new diagnostic and preventive methods. This study assessed how priming with B. microti surface antigen 1 (BHSA 1) and seroreactive antigen 5-1-1 (BHSA 5-1-1) mediate protection against B. microti infection. The results showed that 500 ㎍/ml rBMSA1 and rBMSA5-1-1 partially inhibited the invasion of B. microti in vitro by 42.0±3.0%, and 48.0±2.1%, respectively. Blood smears revealed that peak infection at 7 days post-infection (dpi) was 19.6%, 24.7%, and 46.7% in the rBMSA1, rBmSA5-1-1, compared to the control groups (healthy mice infected with B. microti only), respectively. Routine blood tests showed higher white blood cell, red blood cell counts, and haemoglobin levels in the 2 groups (BMSA1 and BMSA5 5-1-1) than in the infection control group at 0-28 dpi. Moreover, the 2 groups had higher serum interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α and Interleukin-17A levels, and lower IL-10 levels than the infection control group throughout the study. These 2 potential vaccine candidate proteins partially inhibit in vitro and in vivo B. microti infection and enhance host immunological response against B. microti infection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.244-244
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• 2009

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.349-358
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• 2000

Effects of repeated administration of diminazene aceturate (Hoechst Veterin r GmbH. Ger- many) that has been introduced as effective compound against Babesiosis and trppanosomiasis were investigated in dogs experimentally infacted with Babesia gibsoni. Adull mongrel dogs of both sexes were inoculated will nonpreserved infected blood and then maintained chronic anemia. A single dose of diminazene aceturate of 7mg/kg b.w. was administrated intramnuscularIy on day 7.1 arid ,7. Clin- ical and hcmatological findings following inoculation and medication were observed and 7enlm bio chemical analysis also was monitored. Parasitemia was detected between 3 and 6 days after inoculation. The rate of parasitized erythrocytes,1 in peripheral blood reached the peak on the 13th day and was maintained the percentage of 0.1 to 1.0 until the medication of diminazene aceturate. RBC was significantly (p<0.01) decreased on the 3rd day and then kept on decreasing. The lowest value was observed on the 16th day. WBC remained generally within normal ranges. PCV revea1ed the sig-nificant (p<0.01) decrease within the range of 24-27% and platelet was significantly (p<0.05) decreased during the period. Senum chemical values (ALT, AST. total bilirubin. LDH BUN, area- tinine, total protein. albumin and glucose) were within normal ranges during the experimental period. Serum CPK values were significantly (p<0.01) increased on the 3rd day. There was no clinically, sig-nificant difference in a single dose of diminazene aceturate of 7 mg/kg b.w. But the administration of diminazene aceturate of 14 mg/kg b.w. revealed vomiting and anorexia and one dog died in 30 hours after administration. The administration of 14mg/kg b.w. resulted in vomiting, salivation, actor- exia, tremor of head and involuntary movement and one dog died in 27 hours after administration. WBC, RBC, PCV and Platelet values were no significant difference and hematological findings revealed persistent anemia and thrombocytopenia during chronic anemia after inoculation. AST activity its was significantly (p<0.01) increased 11\\`from 3 days after medication and AST activity was on the same trend. Serum CPK activity revealed significant (p<0.01) increase within 6 hors)\\`s after every administration and decreased in 48 howl·s after administration.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.173-177
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• 1976

The authors encountered a case of Babesiasis in Korean native cative cattle at Gyeongbug prefecture. After the clinicohematological observation the patient was treated a single dose of ganaseg and the following results were obtained. 1. Initial symptoms observed were high fever, anorexia, depression and cessation of rumination and these were followed by marked hemoglobinuria and mild degree of icterus. 2. The erythrocyte count decreased to $3.6{\times}10^6/mm^3$ and the infected erythrocyte rates were 9.7 percent with Babesia sp. and 0.2 percent with Theileria sp. 3. Marked increase in band neutrophil was observed. 4. The morphology of the protozoa in erythrocytes was different from that of so-called large-type Piroplasma: various forms including paired pear-shaped, single round, oval and pear-orspindle-shaped were detected, of which the former two forms were dominant. 5. A single dose of ganaseg administered intramuscularly was highly effective for the treatment of Babesiasis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.667-672
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• 2014

While imported falciparum malaria has been increasingly reported in recent years in Korea, clinicians have difficulties in making a clinical diagnosis as well as in having accessibility to effective anti-malarial agents. Here we describe an unusual case of imported falciparum malaria with severe hemolytic anemia lasting over 2 weeks, clinically mimicking a coinfection with babesiosis. A 48-year old Korean man was diagnosed with severe falciparum malaria in France after traveling to the Republic of Benin, West Africa. He received a 1-day course of intravenous artesunate and a 7-day course of Malarone (atovaquone/proguanil) with supportive hemodialysis. Coming back to Korea 5 days after discharge, he was readmitted due to recurrent fever, and further treated with Malarone for 3 days. Both the peripheral blood smears and PCR test were positive for Plasmodium falciparum. However, he had prolonged severe hemolytic anemia (Hb 5.6 g/dl). Therefore, 10 days after the hospitalization, Babesia was considered to be potentially coinfected. A 7-day course of Malarone and azithromycin was empirically started. He became afebrile within 3 days of this babesiosis treatment, and hemolytic anemia profiles began to improve at the completion of the treatment. He has remained stable since his discharge. Unexpectedly, the PCR assays failed to detect DNA of Babesia spp. from blood. In addition, during the retrospective review of the case, the artesunate-induced delayed hemolytic anemia was considered as an alternative cause of the unexplained hemolytic anemia.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.101-104
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• 1983

Authors encountered a case of elk babesiosis in Daegu, Korea. The main symptoms observed before the death of the patient were elevated rectal temperature, severe degree of hemoglobinuria, icterus and recumbency. Hematologically, the erythrocyte count was 1.93 million per cu.mm 11% of which were infected with Babesia. Most(88%) of the protozoa were spherical or vacuolated ring form in shape, resembling B. bovis. However, the sizes (0.98-2.85) were slightly smaller than the latter. About 7% of the protozoa were vacuolated oval, the size of which varied from $2.06{\sim}2.95{\times}1.08{\sim}1.97$ ($2.53{\times}1.51$ in average). The remaining 5% were irregular in shape. Pear-shaped were scarcely observed. A three-gears-old Korean native cattle was inoculated subcutaneously with the elk's blood. However, no evidence of susceptibility was observed until 30 days postinoculation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1964

Seven cases of canine babesiasis were observed by clinically, hematologically and immunologically in the Kyungbook and Pusan area from May 1961 to October 1963. And a survey was conducted on the rising pups for their babesia, infection in the broken out districts of the disease. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Severe cases of canine babesiasis due to the same agent have been encountered in various breed, of dogs in widely separated location in the Kyungpook and Pusan area. 2. The principal symptoms oserved in infected dogs were severe anemia, weakness, inappetence, moderate fever or subnormal body temperature, increased respiration and pulse, palpitation, icterus, hemogrobinuria and redish yellow defecation. 3. Of hematological findings, decrease in erythrocytes count, hemoglobin content was evident and severe anemic changes occured which were associated with macrocytic anisocytosis. The differential leucocytes counts showed a tendency to increased monocytes and decreased monocytes and decreased basophil. 4. The principal anatomic chabges observed in two cases of infected dogs were severe anemic and icteric changes, markedly enlarged spleen, and enlarged liver with distended gall bladder. 5. Haemaphysalis bispinosa was suspected as being the principal vector of the infection. 6. It was suspected that chronic canine babesiasis would prevailed widely in Kyungpook and Pusan area, and that dogs are raised in such infected environment usually suffer only from the mild, chronic form, which may be practically symptomless, while imported dogs usually suffer from the acute form of the disease.