• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2020

Between May and November 2018, babesiosis was examined in 162 bloods samples obtained to an animal hospital in Jeju island for anemia and medical examination. Sixty-two of 162 (38.3%) were positive by PCR. The ultra fast real-time PCR test with blood directly analyzed without DNA extraction showed the same results. Accurate diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of babesiosis should be combined with clinical symptoms, blood tests, the babesia antibody test, and the PCR antigen test. Ultra fast real-time PCR, with these tests, is expected to be a point-of-care testing (POCT) for easy, fast and accurate diagnosis of babesiosis in the veterinary clinic.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.287-289
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the detection of various vector-borne pathogens in such cats. A total of 48 stray cats collected in Daejeon were included in this study. The total positive rate of hemotropic mycoplasmas and Babesia spp. was 25% and 4%, respectively. It is recommended that species-level classification of hemotropic mycoplasmas and Babesia spp. is needed and that a large-scale prevalence study of infectious agents in all the regions of South Korea be conducted.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.154-154
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• 2008

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.587-599
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• 2000

This study was conducted to observe the severity of the disease and pathogenecity of Babesia gibsoni parasite on the splenectomized dogs(SPD) and nonsplenectomized(intact) dogs (NSPD) experimentally infected with B gibsoni. The average prepatent period was 4 days in the SPD and 8 days in the NSPD, respectively. Peak parasitaemia(PE) ranged from 26% to 34% of erythrocytes infected in the SPD and from 4% to 5% in the NSPD. Latent parasitaemia was still detectable 40 days as low as under 1.0% of erythrocytes infected after the initial parasitaemia in the SPD. Blood packed cell volume(PCV) decreased to as little as 6.4% to 6.9% in the SPD. The clinical signs were mild fever and anemia in the NSPD, remissions and exacervations of temperature, intermittent or spike-like increases of temperature, progressive polychromatophilic macrocytic anemia with anisocytosis, icterus, marked loss of appetite, rarely haemoglobinuria, and deep brown-yellowish urine in the SPD. Gross pathologic changes mainly involved slightly enlargement of liver and spleen in the NSPD and marked enlargement of liver in the SPD. Anatomic changes associated with the disease included diffuse periportal and centrilobular hephatitis, and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Hyaline droplets, resulting protein metabolic alterations, were found in the convoluted ephithelium of the kidney. The density of lymphocytes within the liver sinusoids was markedly increased. Aggregates of large monocytes and macrophages were demonstrated in the centrilobular veins of the liver. The density of these cells in the centrilobular veins were greatest in the SPD. The forms of B gibsoni parasite found in the acute stage of SPD were large signet ring form, small signet ring form, pyriform, elongated form, comma form, head-phone form, oval form, peared form, racket-like form, amoeboid form, triangle form, quartered form, dot form, band form and multiple, and rosette form, et al. The severity of the disease and pathogenecity of B gibsoni parasite were mild in the NSPD but fatal in the SPD.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.391-402
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• 1990

To examine the effects of vaccination against Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs, 15 normal mixed-breed dogs(5 month to 1 year old) divided into 3 groups with 5 dogs in a group. One of them was selected as control group(group A) and others were selected as experimental groups(group B and C). The group B was vaccinated with sonicated antigens and the group C was vaccinated with 0.2% of formalin treated antigens. The results obtained in the examination were summarized as follows : 1. In the western blot, the lane A revealed specific two bands on the regions of 54kd and 100kd, respectively. 2. After the first vaccination, the antibody titers of group B and C were higher 5 times(1 ： 200) than those of control group(1：40). After the second vaccination, the antibody titers of group B and C have not changed. When challenged with the protozoa(Babesia gibsoni), the antibody titers(1 : 5,000) were elevated in all groups. But these were not exceeded over 1 ： 5,000 for 4 weeks. 3. After challenge, the peak time of increased numbers of the protozoa was the 15th day (12-18 days) in all groups. During these days, the rate of parasitized erythrocytes in control group was 55.0${\pm}$5.4%. But those of group B and group C were 26.0${\pm}$6.4%, and 15.6${\pm}$7.8％, respectively. 4. After challenge, all of the values of PCV, Hb, RBC were shown to decrease in all of the control and experimental groups. 5. The total leukocytes counts are shown a tendency of reduction in all groups after challenge. 6. In all groups, there were increase in lymphocytes and monocytes after challenge.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.99-108
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• 1991

To observe the changes of serum proteins according to the process of Babesia gibsoni(B gibsoni) infection, the babesia protozoa($10^8/kg$) were inoculated into the cephalic vein of healthy dogs. The serum proteins of experimentally infected dogs were separated by using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis was fractionated to total 6 of bands such as, albumin, ${\alpha}_1$, ${\alpha}_2$, ${\beta}_1$, ${\beta}_2$ and $\gamma$-globulin. 2. The concentration of total protein was shown a decreasing tendency after B gibsoni infection. Albumin and A/G ratio were lowered through all periods of the infection, but they were not significant changes. 3. The level of ${\alpha}_1$-globulin was significantly(p<0.05) incresed in early stage of the infection. 4. The levels of ${\alpha}_2$ and total $\alpha$-globulin were shown highly significant decreases (p<0.01) through all periods of the infection. 5. The levels of ${\beta}_1$ and total $\beta$-globulin had highly significant changes (p<0.01) that was increased in early stage of infection and decreased later. 6. The level of $\gamma$-globulin was seen to be constantly increased through all periods of infection. It was a highly significant change (p<0.01). 7. Plasma protein: fibrinogen (PP:F) ratio was shown a temporally significant increase (p<0.05) following the decrease in early infection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2006

Ticks cause economic losses to the deer industry by decreasing the growth and production of the farmed animals. The mediation of ticks affects humans and animals by causing contagious disease both directly and indirectly. Blood from farmed deer from the areas near Jangsu branch was collected for screening of infectious protozoa and rickettsial disease. Seventy deer blood samples were collected from 30 different deer farms located in Jinan, Jangsu and Muju. This blood samples were used for blood slide smear examination and hematological analysis. DNA from these samples was extracted and was used for PCR analysis for detection of gene fragments of Theileria spp, Babesia spp, Anaplasma spp and Ehrlichia spp. In the blood slide smear examination and PCR analysis all samples did not show presence of protozoal and rickettsial diseases. Eight blood samples showed anemia, 1 sample showed iron deficiency and 7 samples showed regenerative anemia. Results for PCR analysis showed 2 samples were positive for T orientalis. All DNA samples were negative for Babesia spp, Anaplasma spp, and Ehrlichia spp.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.185-188
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• 2017

This study assessed the seroprevalence of Babesia gibsoni in companion dogs in Korea by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant BgTRAP antigen. Dogs were randomly selected from those admitted for various reasons to local private veterinary hospitals and the Animal Medical Center of Chonbuk National University. With the owners' permission, extra blood was drawn from each dog for serological assays. Of the 188 selected dogs, seven (3.72%) were positive for B. gibsoni, including six of 167 (3.59%) indoor and one of 12 (8.33%) outdoor dogs. Of the seven dogs positive for B. gibsoni, four were aged > 10 years, two were < 1 year, and one was between 1 and 10 years; and two were Yorkshires and one each was Shih-tzu, Maltese, Pekinese, beagle and mixed. Concurrent diseases or chief complaints were anemia in two dogs, both of which had a history of confirmed babesiosis by polymerase chain reaction, and non-anemic diseases in five. Geographically, four dogs were from Jeonbuk/Jeonju, and one each from Seoul, Gyounggi-do, and Jeonnam/Gwangju. To our knowledge, this is the first report of companion dogs in Korea being seropositive for B. gibsoni. Serologic screening of subclinical or carrier dogs can detect this potentially dangerous disease and assess its epidemiology.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.201-205
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• 2022

Babesia microti is one of the most common causative agents of babesiosis. A sensitive and rapid detection is necessary for screening potentially infected individuals. In this study, B. microti cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) was selected as the target gene, multiple primers were designed, and optimized by a recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay. The optimal primers and probe were labeled with fluorescein. The sensitivity of fluorescent RAA (fRAA) was evaluated using gradient diluents of the cox1 recombinant plasmid and genomic DNA extracted from whole blood of B. microti infected mice. The specificity of fRAA was assessed by other transfusion transmitted parasites. The analytical sensitivity of the fRAA assay was 10 copies of recombinant plasmid per reaction and 10 fg/µl B. microti genomic DNA. No cross-reaction with any other blood-transmitted parasites was observed. Our results demonstrated that the fRAA assay would be rapid, sensitive, and specific for the detection of B. microti.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.583-593
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• 1997

Indirect fluorescent antibody test(IFAT) and enzyme-linked imuunosorbent assay (IgG-ELISA) as serological diagnostic tools were conducted to evaluate the usefulness for diagnosis of canine babesiosis infected with Babesia gibsoni in domestic various dog breeds, american pit bullterrier, military shepherd, and mongrel dogs. The results obtained from this study were abstracted as follows. The nonionic detergent Triton X-100 and absorbent bio-bead $SM_2$ were useful reagents for the preparation of pure merozoite antigen of B gibsoni to be used in ELISA. The optimum reaction in ELISA was shown when the protein concentration of ELISA antigen was measured as 625ng/ml and the conjugate concentration was diluted into 1/6000 fold. The average OD value of ELISA in sera determined with negative responses in IFAT was measured as $0.255{\pm}0.051$(490nm) and the cut - off value of OD was determined as 0.399(490nm). The serum antibodies in both of IFAT and ELISA were detected on one week after artificially infected with B gibsoni and these high antibody titers, 512X in IFAT and 1024X in ELISA, were long lasted until 15 weeks after infection. The reproducibility of reaction and stability of the antigen absorbed microtitration polystyrene plate preserved in $4^{\circ}C$ refrigerator and $-20^{\circ}C$ freezer, respectively could be lasted until 135 days after storage. The positive rates in IFAT by dog breeds were shown 8.1%(60/744 heads) in mongrel dogs, 81.3%(78/96 heads) in american pit bullterrier and 15.6%(15/96 heads) in military shepherd, while the positive rate in ELISA shown 17.6%(131/744 heads) in mongrel dogs, 83.3%(80/96 heads) in american pit bullterrier and 36.5%(35/96 heads) in military shepherd, respiectively. In the total of 936 heads surveyed with IFAT and ELISA the positive rates in IFAT and ELISA were 16.4%(153/936 heads) and 26.3%(246/936 heads), respectivily. Agreement of reactions between IFAT and ELISA was shown 82.4% in 936 dog sera. The specificity and sensitivity of ELISA reaction were 83.5% and 76.5%, respectively. From the conclusion obtained in this study it was evaluated that IFAT and ELISA were useful as highly specific, sensitive and stable serelogical tools for the diagnosis of canine babesiosis in Korea.