• 제목/요약/키워드: Ba-alginate

검색결과 19건 처리시간 0.023초

Preparation and in Vitro Release of Melatonin-Loaded Multivalent Cationic Alginate Beads

  • Lee, Beom-Jin;Min, Geun-Hong;Kim, Tae-Wan
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.280-285
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    • 1996
  • The sustained release dosage form which delivers melatonin (MT) in a circadian fashion over 8 h is of clinical value for those who have disordered circadian rhythms because of its short halflife. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the gelling properties and release characteristics of alginate beads varying multivalent cationic species $(Al^{+++}, \; Ba^{++}, \; Ca^{++}, \; Mg^{++}, \; Fe^{+++}, \; Zn^{++})$. The surface morphologies of Ca- and Ba-alginate beads were also studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). MT, an indole amide pineal hormone was used as a model drug. The $Ca^{++}, \; Ba^{++}, \; Zn^{++}, \; Al^{++}\; and\; Fe^{+++}\; ions\; except\; Mg^{++}$ induced gelling of sodium alginate. The strength of multivalent cationic alginate beads was as follows: $Al^{+++}\llFe^{+++} the induced hydrogel beads were very fragile and less spherical. Fe-alginate beads were also fragile but stronger compared to Al-alginate beads. Ba-alginate beads had a similar gelling strength but was less spherical when compared to Ca-alginate beads. Zn-alginate beads were weaker than Ca- and Ba-alginate beads. Very crude and rough crystals of Ba- and Ca-alginate beads at higher magnifications were observed. However, the type and shape of rough crystals of Ba- and Ca-alginate beads were quite different. No significant differences in release profiles from MT-loaded multivalent cationic alginate beads were observed in the gastric fluid. Most drugs were continuously released upto 80% for 5 h, mainly governed by the passive diffusion without swelling and disintegrating the alginate beads. In the intestinal fluid, there was a significant difference iq the release profiles of MT-loaded multivalent cationic alginate beads. The release rate of Ca-alginate beads was faster when compared to other multivalent cationic alginate beads and was completed for 3 h. Ba-alginate beads had a very long lag time (7 h) and then rapidly released thereafter. MT was continuously released from Feand Zn-alginate beads with initial burstout release. It is assumed that the different release rofiles of multivalent cationic alginate beads resulted from forces of swelling and disintegration of alginate beads in addition to passive diffusion, depending on types of multivalent ions, gelling strength and drug solubility. It was estimated that 0.2M $CaCl_2$ concentration was optimal in terms of trapping efficiency of MT and gelling strength of Ca-alginate beads. In the gastric fluid, Ca-alginate beads gelled at 0.2 M $CaCl_2$ concentration had higher bead strength, resulting in the most retarded release when compared to other concentrations. In the intestinal fluid, the decreased release of Ca-alginate beads prepared at 0.2 M $CaCl_2$ concentration was also observed. However, release profiles of Ca-alginate beads were quite similar regardless of $CaCl_2$ concentration. Either too low or high $CaCl_2$ concentrations may not be useful for gelling and curing of alginate beads. Optimal $CaCl_2$ concentrations must be decided in terms of trapping efficiency and release and profiles of drug followed by curing time and gelling strength of alginate beads.

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Studies of Repeated Fed-Batch Fermentation of Cephalosporin C in an Immobilized Cell Bioreactor

  • Park, Hong-Je;Khang, Yong-Ho
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.229-233
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    • 1995
  • Acremonium chrysogenum was immobilized in ionotropic gel beads to develop semi-continuous production of cephalosporin C (CPC). Barium alginate beads were more stable than calcium alginate or strontium alginate beads in chemically defined media. The gel stability of Ba-alginate was further increased by cross-linking with polyethyleneimine (PEI). The presence of carboxymethyl cellulose inside Ba-alginate beads did not reduce mass transfer resistance. Ba-alginate microbeads that had little diffusion limitation increased CPC production rate 1.6 fold higher than that of normal beads. CPC fermentation with immobilized cells in Ba-alginate microbeads was performed continuously for 40 days by way of repeated fed-batch operations. Mathematical modeling was developed to describe the repeated fed-batch fermentation system. Results of the computer simulation agreed well with the experimental data, which made it possible to predict an optimal feeding rate that could maximize total CPC productions.

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Selective adsorption of Ba2+ using chemically modified alginate beads with enhanced Ba2+ affinity and its application to 131Cs production

  • Kim, Jin-Hee;Lee, Seung-Kon
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제54권8호
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    • pp.3017-3026
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    • 2022
  • The 131Cs radioisotope with a short half-life time and high average radiation energy can treat the cancer effectively in prostate brachytherapy. The typical 131Cs production processes have a separation step of the cesium from 131Ba to obtain a high specific radioactivity. Herein, we suggested a novel 131Cs separation method based on the Ba2+ adsorption of alginate beads. It is necessary to reduce the affinity of alginate beads to cesium ions for a high production yield. The carboxyl group of the alginate beads was replaced by a sulfonate group to reduce the cesium affinity while reinforcing their affinity to barium ions. The modified beads exhibited superior Ba2+ adsorption performances to native beads. In the fixed-bed column tests, the saturation time and adsorption capacity could be estimated with the Yoon-Nelson model in various injection flow rates and initial concentrations. In terms of the Cs elution, the modified alginate showed better performance (i.e., an elution over 88%) than the native alginate (i.e., an elution below 10%), indicating that the functional group modification was effective in reducing the affinity to cesium ions. Therefore, the separation of cesium from the barium using the modified alginate is expected to be an additional option to produce 131Cs.

양어장에서 고정화된 질화세균군을 이용한 암모니아 질소 제거 (Removal of Ammonia-N by using the Immobilized Nitrifier Consortium in Aquaculture System)

  • 서근학;김용하;안갑환
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.868-873
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    • 1997
  • 양어장 순환수 처리에 고정화된 질화세균을 이용한 실험에서 고정상 미생물의 상태는 마지막 단계에까지 양호한 상태를 유지할 수가 있는 것으로 보아 shear stress에 의한 고정상 미생물 입자의 깨어짐 현상은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 털 반응기의 암모니아성 질소의 제거량은 수리학적 체류시간이 0.6인 지점에서 Ca-alginate와 Ba-alginate 반응조가 각각 52.6과 51.0 g $NH_3-N/m^3/day$ 으로서 그 효율은 $59\%$$58\%$인 것으로 나타났으며 이는 침지식공법 보다는 제거효율이 좋은 것으로 나타났으며, 오존 산화조가 함께 연결되어 있는 유동층공법과 비교했을 때에는 그 처리능력이 다소 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. 미생물을 고정화하는데 사용된 Ca-alginate와 Ba-alginate의 비교 실험 결과 Ba-alginate를 이용한 반응조가 Ca-alginate 보다도 수리학적부하의 변화에 대한 완충능력이 다소 좋은 것으로 나타났으나 암모니아성 질소의 제거량은 Ca-alginate와 Ba-alginate 모두가 큰 차이없이 서로 비슷한 처리 능력을 지니고 있음을 알 수가 있다. 수중의 암모니아성 질소의 농도가 $2mg/\ell$ 정도의 범위에서는 반응조 내에 주입되는 공기량을 0.1 vvm 으로 공급하더라도 질산화에 필요한 용존산소량을 충분히 유지할 수가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 pH는 $7\~7.9$의 범위를 유지할 수가 있어서 pH 변화에 따른 위해 요소는 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 또한 별도의 중화제를 첨가할 필요가 없기 때문에 이것으로 인한 추가적인 경비부담은 불필요한 것으로 판단된다.

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해양 갈조류인 톳의 고정화된 생물질에 의한 구리의 생흡착 (Biosorption of Copper by the Immobilized biomass of Barine Brown Algae(Phaeophyta) Hizikia fusiformis)

  • 이민규;박경태;감상규
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.208-215
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    • 1998
  • 제주도 근해에서 다량 채취되고 있는 해양갈조류인 톳의 살아있지 않은 건조한 생물질을 Ca-alginate법(Ca-ALG), Ba-alginate법(Ba-ALG), polyethylene glycol법(PEG), $\kappa$-carrageenan법(CARR) 등으로 고정화시켜 고정화방법에 따른 Cu의 흡착기능을 검토하였다. 생물질의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라서 Cu의 제거율은 증가하였으나 흡착량은 감소하였다. 그러나 초기농도가 증가함에 따라서는 cu의 흡착량이 증가하였다. 고정화법에 따른 Cu의 흡착량은 Ca-ALG>Ba-ALG>PEG>CARR순으로 감소하엿다. 고정화된 생물질에 으한 Cu의 흡착은 Freundlich 흡착 등온식 보다는 Langmuir 흡착 등온식을 잘 따름을 알 수 있었다.

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칼슘알긴산비드에 의한 염분의 흡착특성 (Characteristics of Salt Adsorption by Calcium Alginate Beads)

  • 방병호;서정숙
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.89-96
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    • 2002
  • Ca-alginate bead로 소금의 흡착에 미치는 영향조건을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. Ca-alginate beads에 의한 소금 흡착은 시간이 경과함에 따라 증가하였으며, 10분 후4.0g으로 최고의 흡착량을 나타내었다. 0.2M CaCl$_2$, 0.2M BaCl$_2$, 0.2M FeCl$_3$및 0.2M MgCl$_2$등의 경화용액으로 조제한 bead에 의한 소금 흡착량은 Fe-alginate beads가 5.6g으로 제일 높았으나 bead가 쉽게 부서지는 단점이 있었고, MgCl$_2$용액으로는 bead가 만들어지지 않았다. 그리고 0.2M CaCl$_2$, 0.2M BaCl$_2$및 0.2M SrCl$_2$용액으로 만든 bead는 각각 4.2g 정도의 대등한 흡착량을 나타내었다. CaCl$_2$경화 용액이 0.1M, 0.2M 및 1M 일때 소금 흡착량은 각각 4.8g, 4.2g 및 4.1g으로 나타났다. Alginate의 농도를0.6%, 1% 그리고 2%로 하여 제조한 비드로 소금 흡착량은 2.8g, 4.0g, 4.4g으로 각각 나타났으며, 그리고 bead의 크기를 각각 2.5mm, 3.5mm 그리고 4.5mm로 제조하여 소금의 흡착량을 살펴본 결과 각 크기별 모두 4.0~4.2g로 차이가 없었다. 초기 소금의 농도 4%, 8%, 12%그리고 16%에서, 각각 소금의 흡착율은 30%, 28%, 27% 그리고 25%이었으며, pH에 따른 염분의 흡탁율은 산성(pH 4.0) 및 중성(pH 6.8) 영역에서 보다는 염기성(pH 10.0)에서 더 높았다. 된장으로부터 내염성 세균을 분리한 후 alginate로 고정화한 beads와 비고정화한 bead와의 염분 흡착량은 고정화한 bead에 의한 염분 초기흡착속도가 보다 낮았으며, Ca-alginate bead 제조시 경화용액에 머무는 시간이 길수록 염분 흡착율은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 1회 사용한 bead를 증류수에 하루 동안 방치 후 이 bead를 재이용 함에 따라 염분 흡착량은 점점 감소하였다. 시료를 된장으로 하여 0시간, 3시간, 6시간, 12시간 및 24시간 후 소금 흡착율은 시간의 경과에 따라 더불어 증가하였다. 또한 소금이 감소된 된장의 pH를 측정한 결과, 4.90, 5.00, 5.01, 5.02, 그리고 5.03이였으며, 적정산도는 0.1N-NaOH 소모량이 4ml, 3.4ml, 3.2ml, 3.0ml 그리고 3.0 ml이었다. 저염 된장의 아미노태 질소를 적정 한 결과, 원료 된장이 840mg/된장 100g, 740mg/된장 100g, 630mg/된장 100g, 그리고 530mg/된장 100g으로 줄어들었다. 각 시료별 염분 흡착율은 된장이 다른 시료(Doengjang 100%, Kochujang 86%, Soy-sauce 78% and Jeotkal 71%) 보다 가장 높게 나타났다.

해양세균 Streptomyces sp. M3로 부터 얻은 재조합 polyG-specific lyase의 특성 (Characterization of Recombinant PolyG-Specific Lyase from a Marine Bacterium, Streptomyces sp. M3)

  • 김희숙
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제20권11호
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    • pp.1582-1588
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    • 2010
  • 전 연구에서 해양세균 Streptomyces sp. M3의 새로운 alginate 분해효소를 signal peptide가 제거된 상태로 클로닝하고 E. coli BL21 (DE3) 균에 형질전환시켰다. 본 연구에서는 배양할 때 IPTG를 첨가하여 M3 alginate 분해효소 단백질을 과발현시키고 Ni-Sepharose 친화력 chromatography로 정제하여 생화학적 성질을 조사하였다. 기질특이성을 시험하기 위한 235 nm에서의 흡광도와 TLC 분석 결과로부터 M3 alginate 분해효소가 polyG block에 기질특이성을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. M3 분해효소를 기질과 10분 동안 반응시켰을 때, 최적 pH 및 최적온도는 pH 9 및 $60^{\circ}C$이었다. 1 mM $Ca^{++}$$Mn^{++}$은 alginate 분해활성을 2배 증가시킨 반면 $Hg^{++}$$Zn^{++}$는 분해활성을 완전히 저해하였다. $Mg^{++}$, $Co^{++}$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, 및 $Ba^{++}$은 M3 alginate 분해효소의 활성에 거의 영향을 미치지 않았다.

Effect of Various Factors on the Operational Stability of Immobilized Cells for Acrylamide Production in a Packed Bed Reactor

  • Lee, Cheo-Young;Choi, Sang-Kyo;Chang, Ho-Nam
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.39-45
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    • 1993
  • The effect of concentrations of phosphate buffer and acrylonitrile, pH, and various salts on the operational stability of the immobilized cells of Brevibacterium CH2 in a packed bed reactor were investigated. The effects of salts and carriers on the swelling of the immobilized beads during hydrolysis in a columnreactor were also investigated. Immobilization of the cells in Ba-alginate was more desirable than those in polyacrylamide and Ca-alinate for the swelling of the immobilized beads and the desired quality of the acrylamide produced. High quality acrylamide was produced using the Ba-alginate beads in a recycle fed-batch reactor without using an isotonic substrate. The conversion yield was nearly 100%, including a trace amount of acrylic acid produced as a by-product.

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Biosorption of Heavy Metal lons by Biomass of Marine Brown Algae in Cheju using Their Immobilization Techniques: Biosorption of Copper by Undaria pinnatifida

  • Kam Sang-Kyu;Lee Min-Gyu
    • Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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    • 제1권2호
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    • pp.157-166
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    • 1997
  • The biosorption performances of copper were investigated by the immobilized biomass of nonliving marine brown algae Undaria pinnatifida by each of the Ca-alginate method(Ca-ALG), Ba-alginate method(Ba-ALG), polyethylene glycol method(PEG), and carrageenan method (CARR). The copper removal performance increased but the copper uptake decreased as the biomass amount was increased. However, the copper uptake by the immobilized biomass increased with increasing initial copper concentration. Among the immobilization methods, the copper uptake decreased in the following sequence: Ca-ALG > Ba-ALG > PEG > CARR. The pattern of copper uptake by the immobilized biomass fitted the Langmuir isotherm better than the Freundlich isotherm. Desorption of deposited copper with 0.05 ~0.5M HCI, resulted in no changes of the copper uptake capacity of the immobilized biomass by the immobilization methods except for PEG, through five subsequent biosorption/desorption cycles. There was no damage to the immobilized biomass which retained its macroscopic appearance in repeated copper uptake/elution cycles.

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양어장수내의 암모니아성 질소제거를 위한 질화세균군의 고정화 (Immobilization of Nitrifier Consortium for the Removal of Ammonium Ion in the Recirculating Aquaculture System)

  • 김성구;서재관;이종석;공인수;서근학
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.816-822
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    • 1997
  • 최근 biotechnology 발전과 같이하여 미생물 고정화법이 급속히 진보하였다. 도처에 있는 biological midia로부터 products를 추출하기 위해 미생물 고정화법은 많이 적용되고 있지만 아직 하수처리에 적용은 되고 있지 않다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 순환 양식 시스템에 고정화기술의 적용 가능성을 타진하였다. fludized bed reactor에서 bead에 고정화된 질화세균군을 사용하기 위해서는 고정화 bead의 내구성이 높아야함으로 각 고정화법에 따른 강도는 $Ba^{++}-alginate$ bead가 1450g의 breaking force로 가장 높은 내구력을 지니고 있음으로 가장 적합한 bead라고 할 수 있었다. 또한 20 mg/L ammonium ion을 제거 하는데 $Ba^{++}-alginate$ bead는 다른 두 bead보다 훨씬 논은 활성을 나타내었으며, 아울러 고정화 질화세균군이 비고정화 질화세균군보다 높은 질화 효율을 보여 주었다.

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