• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2004

It is difficult to have the existing structural optimization using coupled field analysis from CFD to structure analysis when the structure is influenced of fluid. Therefore in an initial model of this study after doing parameter design from the background of shape using topology optimization. and it is making a approximation formula using by the CFD-structure coupled-field analysis and design of experiment. By using this result, we conducted multi-objective optimization. We could confirm efficiency of stochastic method applicable in the scene of structure reliability design to be needed multi-objective optimization. And we presented a way of design that could overcome the time and space restriction in structural design such as the butterfly valve with the less experiment.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2021

Butterfly valves are used in various industries to control the flow rate, flow direction, pressure, and temperature. These are gaining popularity in the field of plant industry to enable high-differential pressure because of their low maintenance costs and ease of installation. This study presents a numerical analysis method to analyze changes in the flow characteristics of a high-differential pressure control butterfly valve based on the location and shape of the orifice. The numerical analysis was conducted using a commercial CFD program. The analysis results show a correlation between the orifice shape and cavitation phenomenon.

• 환경생물
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2015

농촌 논과 밭 경작지 및 야산지역에 분포하는 나비군집 변화가 지난 10년 동안 어떻게 변화했는가를 알아보기 위하여 2001년부터 2002년에 이루어진 자료와 2014년 자료를 비교, 분석하였다. 나비 조사는 선 조사법을 통하여 동일한 지점에서 이루어졌다. 조사 결과 나비의 종 수와 개체수는 10년 전과 비교하였을 때 줄어드는 양상을 나타내었는데 2001년과 2002년에 비하여 2014년에는 종 수와 개체수 모두 감소하였다. 조사지역의 출현 종 수가 그들의 생태학적 특성인 서식지, 서식지 범위, 먹이식물, 먹이식물 범위, 세대수 및 겨울나기 유형 등에 변화가 있는 가를 조사한 결과 종 수는 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 개체수에서는 겨울나기 유형을 제외하고 차이가 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 결과는 지난 10년간 지역적으로 나비 군집에 많은 변화가 있었다는 것을 나타내고 있으며 주 원인은 조사지역의 서식지 변화가 주요 요인이었을 것으로 추측한다. 조사 지역에서 나비 군집의 변화를 일으키는 원인을 알기 위해서는 앞으로 지역적 수준에서 종 변화 및 이 변화의 원인을 알기 위해서는 지속적인 모니터링이 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

• 복식
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.75-96
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• 2000

Modern clothing is approached in the level of art, and it becomes the means of expressing individuality in modern society uniformed by the development of information society. In this modern society, modern men need the recovery of humanity and expectations of handcrafted skills for the succession of tradition culture. Prior to expressing individuality, we should examine our traditional culture and combine it with western culture. Quit started to be used for practical purpose such as life items, but it is expanded to the fields of art. Used in dress and its ornaments design, quilt is often applied to the addition of aesthetic factors or cubic material feelings by transforming its warming effect. Hereby, this study has a purpose to create high value added modern dross and its ornaments design by expressing the modern clothing is approached in the level of art, and it becomes the means of expressing individuality roe-dimensional characteristics of quilt, and applying the color combination and the surface of butterfly wings to dress and its ornaments design. The following are the results of this study. 1. The concept of quilt started for practical purposes, but it is expanded to decoration in modern times, and it is confirmed that quilt can be variously applied to handcrafted modern design. 2. Quilt removes the plane character of textile and it riches the three-dimensional material of dress and its ornaments. Applying these characteristics, the expression of transparent wings were possible with 3 transparent layers of textile. 3. The spledid color of butterfly wings are expressed by coloring oganza and felt, and the various colors of felt showed rich color gradation. 4. The form and pattern of butterfly wings are applied as modeling form and line, and the transformation. repetition and expansion of unit forms determined the form of quilting lines. By designing the characteristics of back wings for the composition line of clothing, the form characteristics of a motif could be emphasized. 5. By using felt, oganza, Damdam yarn and ostritch feathers in expressing butterfly wings, the warm material of Linbun is felt, and the tip hair of wings are expressed by croche techniques using Damdam yarn.

• 환경생물
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2012

다도해지역인 신안군 임자면 임자도 일대 19개 무인도서에서 나비를 조사하여 총 5과 11속 14종을 확인하였다. 호랑나비과 (Papilionidae) 나비가 5종으로 가장 많았으며, 다음으로는 부전나비과 (Lycaenidae)가 4종, 흰나비과 (Pieridae), 네발나비과 (Nymphalidae)는 2종, 팔랑나비과 (Hesperiidae)는 1종이 나타났다. 본 조사의 우점종은 남방부전나비 (Pseudozizeeria maha), 푸른부전나비 (Celastrina argiolus), 먹부전나비 (Tongeia fischeri), 호랑나비 (Papilio xuthus), 청띠제비나비 (Graphium sarpedon)이며, 이들 중 청띠제비나비는 서남해안 일부지역에서만 서식하여 한반도 내에서 서식 분포가 매우 좁은 종이다. 나비의 분포는 섬의 면적에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으나, 종 공급원과의 거리나 최고 고도와 유의한 관계는 나타나지 않았다. 환경변화에 따른 종의 확산을 알아보기 위하여 이들 지역에 대한 지속적인 생태 모니터링이 필요하다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

Various types of parks such as ecological park, dragonfly park, etc. are tried to design in order to resolve different environmental issues in urban areas. Parks are considered organism habitats that not only improve the biodiversity but also give people a chance to observe living organisms in urban area. This study was conducted to select basic materials for planning a butterfly garden through reference reviews. The following 21 species of butterflies belonged to 1 order, 4 families, and 16 genera were selected: Phengaris teleius, Pseudozizeeria maha, Thecla betulae, Argynnis hyperbius, Dichorragia nesimachus, Hestina assimilis, Polygonia caureum, Sasakia charonda, Vanessa cardui, Vanessa indica, Boloria selene, Byasa alcinous, Papilio machaon, Papilio macilentus, Papilio protenor, Papilio xuthus, Papilio bianor, Sericinus montela, Colias erate, Eurema hecabe, and Pieris rapae. 85 species belonged to 22 families, 59 genera, 74 species, 10 varieties, and 1 subspecies were selected for host and nectar plants for butterflies selected above. These results would be expected to useful in butterfly gardening. After that, we think it is necessary to be applied these study results in field. This study requires a test in the butterfly garden. The test results will be make the butterfly-plant matrix.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2020

A butterfly web girder is a box-shaped girder with discretely distributed side openings along the spanwise direction. Until now, there have been few studies related to the aerodynamic performance of the butterfly web bridge. The objective of the current study was to clarify the effects of the side openings on the aerodynamic performance of the girder. Two butterfly web girders with side ratios B/D = 3.24 and 5, where B is the girder width and D is the depth, were examined through a series of wind tunnel tests. A comparison of the results for butterfly web girders and conventional box girders of the same shape confirmed that the side openings stabilized the vortex-induced vibration and galloping when B/D = 3.24, whereas the vortex-induced vibration and torsional flutter were stabilized when B/D = 5. The change in the flow field due to the side openings contributed to the stabilization against the vibration. These findings not only confirmed the good aerodynamic performance of the butterfly web bridge but also provided a new method to stabilize the box girder against aerodynamic instabilities via discretely distributed side openings.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.339-353
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• 2003

본 연구는 지역축제의 개최를 통해 지역의 이미지 개선에 기여하고 있는 전남의 함평나비축제를 사례로 축제에 참가한 관광객의 관광행태를 고찰하였다. 1995년 지방자치제가 실시되면서 전국의 대부분 시$.$군에서는 지역경제의 활성화를 목적으로 지역축제의 이벤트화가 추진되었다. 전국의 지자체에서 개최되는 축제중에서 전국적인 경쟁력을 가진 생태관광축제로 등장하고 있는 축제가 1999년부터 함평군에서 개최되고 있는 나비축제이다. 나비축제가 전국적인 주목을 받으면서 함평군은 낙후된 농촌지역에서 친환경적인 생태농업지역으로 지역의 이미지가 바뀌고 있다. 1999년 제1회 이후, 축제의 관광객이 증가하고 있으며, 제4회에 참가한 외래 방문객은 약 87%로 조사되었다. 제4회 나비축제에 관광객들의 만족도는 비교적 높게 평가되었고, 경쟁력있는 생태관광축제로 인식하였다. 그러나 나비축제가 전국적으로 우수한 관광문화축제로 뿌리내리기 위해서는 관광편의시설 확충을 포함한 다양한 정책적 검토가 요구된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2012

녹색 섬의 형태로 존재하는 도시숲은 대도시에 서식하는 생물들의 주 서식공간이다. 도시숲은 면적이 적고, 임연부의 비율이 높다. 이러한 특성 때문에 도시 외곽의 산림의 나비군집에 비해 도시숲의 나비군집는 종다양성이 낮고, 초지종, 숲가장자리종과 생태지위 범위가 더 넓은 일반종의 비율이 높을 것으로 예상된다. 이러한 사실을 밝히기 위해 전형적인 도시숲인 홍릉숲에서 나비를 선조사법으로 주별로 조사하였다. 홍릉숲의 나비군집은 도시외곽의 산림에 사는 나비군집에 비해 종다양성이 월등히 낮았고, 초지종, 숲가장자리종과 일반종의 비율이 높아 예측되는 것과 동일한 결과를 얻었다. 홍릉숲에서 멸종위기 2급종인 쌍꼬리부전나비가 관찰됨으로서, 도시숲은 희귀종의 보존에 중요한 역할을 한다고 할 수 있다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2019

Structural fuses are made up from oriented steel plates to be used to resist seismic force with shear loading resistance capabilities. The damage and excessive inelastic deformations are concentrated in structural fuses to avoid any issues for the rest of the surrounding elements. Recently developed fuse plates are designed with engineered cutouts leaving flexural or shear links with controlled yielding features. A promising type of link is proposed to align better bending strength along the length of the link with the demand moment diagram is a butterfly-shaped link. Previously, the design methodologies are purely based on the flexural stresses, or shear stresses only, which overestimate the dampers capability for resisting against the applied loadings. This study is specifically focused on the optimized design methodologies for commonly used butterfly-shaped dampers. Numerous studies have shown that the stresses are not uniformly distributed along the length of the dampers; hence, the design methodology and the effective implementation of the steel need revisions and improvements. In this study, the effect of shear and flexural stresses on the behavior of butterfly-shaped links are computationally investigated. The mathematical models based on von-Mises yielding criteria are initially developed and the optimized design methodology is proposed based on the yielding criterion. The optimized design is refined and investigated with the aid of computational investigations in the next step. The proposed design methodology meets the needs of optimized design concepts for butterfly-shaped dampers considering the uniform stress distribution and efficient use of steel.