• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.368-375
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• 2020

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a disease that is accompanied by various metabolic related problems and refers to a disease in which various adult diseases occur along with obesity. These metabolic syndromes appear according to the individual's genetic background. APOA5-ZPR1-BUD13, a gene cluster belonging to chromosome 11q23.3, is well known for its risk of plasma triglycerides and coronary artery disease. Recently, the GWAS results for metabolic syndrome were published in Koreans. The results included the APOA5-ZPR1-BUD13, and the SNPs that first appeared in Koreans in the ZPR1 and BUD13 were also discovered. In this study, the reproducibility was investigated for the newly discovered ZPR1 (rs964184) and BUD13 (rs2075295, rs1558861) using The Health Examinees (HEXA) cohort and showed significance. In addition, BUD13 (rs117548857, rs10488698, rs149527022, rs10790162), ZPR1 (rs2075290, rs145796806, rs201247587), APOA5 (rs12791103, rs1263173, rs7396835, rs17520254) were additionally discovered and significant results were obtained. For the SNPs that showed significant results, the effect on protein expression and the effect of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) were also confirmed. This study is expected to contribute to the prevention and treatment of diseases with differences in onset based on individual genetic patterns as well as presenting the effect of genetic mutations in the APOA5-ZPR1-BUD13 on metabolic syndrome and blood lipid levels.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 1980

Twin-bud seedlings and four-leaflet seedlings of ginseng were found and transplanted to field and their growth characteristics were investigated. 1. Appearance frequencies of twin-bud and four-leaflet seedlings were 0.3 and 0.4 percent, respectively, in common nursery bed: and were 6.6 and 28.4 percent, respectively, in polystem line. 2. Generally, the growth of twin.bud and four-leaflet seedlings were better than those of common seedlings both in aerial part and in root. Root weights of both type seedlings exceeded the common ones by 66 and 38 percent, respectively. 3. When they became two-year-old plants, leafiet number of common plant was 11.6, and those of twin-bud and four-leaflet-seedling plants were 18.1 and 13.8, respectively. There were no inflorescence in twin-bud-seedling plant, but the ratios of in florescent Plant in four-leaflet.seedling and common plant were 44.0 and 12.5 percent, respectively. 4. In two-year-old plant, root weights of twin-bud and four-leaflet-seedling plants were heavier than those of common ones by 27 and 20 percent, respectively.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 1999

A prototype cut-flower sorter was developed and tested for its performance with five varieties of roses. Support plates driven by a chain mechanism transported the roses into an image inspection chamber. Color image processing algorithms were developed to evaluate the length, thickness, and straightness of stem and color, height, and maturity of bud. The average absolute errors of the system for the measurements of stem length, stem thickness, and height of bud were 19.7 mm, 0.5 mm, and 3.8 mm, respectively. The results of classification by the sorter were compared with those of a human inspector for straightness of stem and maturity of bud. The classification error for the straightness of stem was 8.6%, when both direct image and reflected image by a mirror were analyzed. The accuracy in classifying the maturity of bud varied among the varieties, the smallest for‘Nobless’(1.5%) and the largest for‘Rote Rose’(13.5%). The time required to process a rose averaged 2.06 seconds, equivalent to the capacity of 1,600 roses per hour.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.13-19
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• 1961

Free amino acids at five different developemntal stages (Gastrulation-Hatching -out stage) of Hynobius leechi BOULENGER were analyzed qualitatively by the use of paper paitition chromatography. It was found that the number of free amino acids increased as the development proceeded. The free amino acids identified at each stages are as follows : Gastrulation stage : Alaninie, Aspartic acid, Glutamin acid, Histidine, Methionine. Neural plate formation stage : Alanine , Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Glycine, Histidine, MEthionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Trypotophan. Middle tail-bud stage : Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine,Aspartic acid, Citrulline, Glutamic acid, Glycine, Histidie,Hydroxyproline, Proline, Leucine, Methionine, Ornithine, Phenylalanine, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan. Late tail-bud stage : Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic acid, Citrulline, Glutamic acid. Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Leucine, Methionine, Ornithine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine. Hatching -out stage : the same with the late tail-bud stage. It seems probable that the metabolic systems of amino acids before and after the middle tail-bud stage are quite different from each other. Before the middle tail=-bud stage, the reaction system of amino acids is thought not to be completed while after that stage the system has been completed , because in the former period of the development , the number of freeamino acids increased rapidly with the development , and after that stage, there is practically no change in the number of free amino acids.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제90권4호
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• pp.558-564
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• 2001

굴참나무 동아의 형태적 변이를 연구하기 위하여 위도, 경도, 해발고 및 지리적 특성을 고려하여 16개 천연집단을 선발하였다. 각 집단별로 30개체를 대상으로 개체목당 수관 1/3 하단부에서 정아와 측아를 30개씩 고르게 채집하여 정아와 측아의 길이 및 폭에 대한 변이를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 정아길이, 정아폭, 측아길이 및 측아폭은 각각 6.9~11.3cm, 3.0~3.7cm, 6.1~8.9cm 및 2.5~3.1cm로 나타났으며, 모든 특성에서 약 20% 내외의 변이폭을 보였다. 2. 동아특성에 대한 변이는 집단간 및 집단내의 개체간에 고도의 유의적인 차이를 보였으며 특히, 분산기여도는 집단간보다 집단내의 개체간에 큰 것으로 나타났다. 3. 상관분석한 결과 정아길이는 측아걸이 및 폭과, 측아폭은 정아폭 및 측아길이와 정의 상관을 나타내었으며, 또한 지리적 변이에 있어 위도는 정아폭과, 경도는 정아길이 및 측아길이와 정의 상관을 나타내었다. 4. 군집분석한 결과는 거리지수 3.4에서 2개의 그룹 즉, I그룹(Pop. 8)과 II그룹(Pop. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)으로 나뉘었으며, 거리지수 1.5에서는 II그룹이 다시 Pop. 1, 2, 7, 9, 및 11의 군집(II-1그룹)과 Pop. 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 및 16의 군집(II-2그룹)으로 나뉘어 거리지수 1.2 이상에서 총 III그룹으로 분리되었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.667-676
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• 1996

We have examined the in vitro stage-related chondrogenic potential of human mandibular and limb bud mesenchyme cells using micromass culture. Our results indicate that limb bud mesenchyme cells as early as stage 16 by Carnegie system (37 days), well before the initiation of in vivo chondrogenesis, have chondrogenic potential which is expressed in micromass culture. These results are correlated with stage-related chondrogenic potential of human limb bud in vivo as a result of Alcian blue staining. The proliferation of chondrogenic cells increased in the first 3 days after culture and then decreased. These results were correlated with the cell cycle analysis of which the number of $G_0^1/G_1$ phase increased markedly after 3 days of culture, while the percentage of cells in S phase was decreased. On the other hand, it was rarely differentiated in the mandible. We examined the effects of two PKC modulators such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a potent activator of PKC, and staurosporine (STSN), an inhibitor of PKC. PMA inhibited the chondrogenesis, whereas STSN promoted the chondrogenesis in a dose dependent manner. In addition, PMA exerted no inhibitory effect when the cells were pretreated for 24 h with STSN, implying that the chondrogenic events might be settled at an early step in vitro and FKC may act as a negative modulator. Collectively, these results demonstrate, for the first time, the stage-related chondrogenic potential of human mandibular and limb bud mesenchyme cells and the role of PKC during chondrogenesis in vitro & in vivo.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 1993

Comparative morphology of winter buds of 16 species of gymnosperms which belong to six families and 13 genera was investigated. All the species examined except Taxaceae had bracts and ovuliferous scales in female buds, and the bract was fused with ovuliferous scale in various degrees. Comparison of the modern conifers with fossil ones in the position of ovule and structure of bract-scale complex suggested that Taxaceae should be placed in Coniferales, rather than treating as a distinct order. The disposition of bract surrounding the ovules of Cephalotaxus and Torreya indicated that the origin, of ovules had separate evolutionary line in spite of similar structure of female bud. The shape of microsporophyll in male bud was diverse among the species. The dehiscence of microsporangium was transverse in Abies and Tsuga, while longitudinal in other species. Descriptions and key to the species based on bud morphology were provided.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.455-460
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• 2009

Glutamate-induced cobalt uptake reveals that non-NMDA glutamate receptors (GluRs) are present in rat taste bud cells. Previous studies involving glutamate induced cobalt staining suggest this uptake mainly occurs via kainate type GluRs. It is not known which of the 4 types of taste bud cells express subunits of kainate GluR. Circumvallate and foliate papillae of Sprague-Dawley rats (45~60 days old) were used to search for the mRNAs of subunits of non-NMDA GluRs using RT-PCR with specific primers for GluR1-7, KA1 and KA2. We also performed RT-PCR for GluR5, KA1, $PLC\beta2$, and NCAM/SNAP 25 in isolated single cells from taste buds. Taste epithelium, including circumvallate or foliate papilla, express mRNAs of GluR5 and KA1. However, non-taste tongue epithelium expresses no subunits of non-NMDA GluRs. Isolated single cell RT-PCR reveals that the mRNAs of GluR5 and KA1 are preferentially expressed in Type II and Type III cells over Type I cells.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2011

This study describes an efficient protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of two subgroups of genotype AAA bananas (Musa acuminata cv. Pei Chiao and Musa acuminata cv. Gros Michel). Instead of using suspension cells, cauliflower-like bud clumps, also known as multiple bud clumps (MBC), were induced from sucker buds on MS medium containing $N^6$-Benzylaminopurine (BA), Thidiazuron (TDZ), and Paclobutrazol (PP333). Bud slices were co-cultivated with A. tumefaciens C58C1 or EHA105 that carry a plasmid containing Arabidopsis root-type ferredoxin gene (Atfd3) and a plant ferredoxin-like protein (pflp) gene, respectively. These two strains showed differences in transformation efficiency. The EHA105 strain was more sensitive in Pei Chiao, 51.3% bud slices were pflp-transformed, and 12.6% slices were Atfd3-transformed. Gros Michel was susceptible to C58C1 and the transformation efficiency is 4.4% for pflp and 13.1% for Atfd3. Additionally, gene integration of the putative pflp was confirmed by Southern blot. Resulting from the pathogen inoculation assay, we found that the pflp transgenic banana exhibited resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4. This protocol is highly advantageous to banana cultivars that have difficulties in setting up suspension cultures for the purpose of quality improvement through genetic transformation. In addition, this protocol would save at least 6 months in obtaining explants for transformation and reduce labor for weekly subculture in embryogenic cell suspension culture systems.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.300-303
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• 2005

액아가 포함된 줄기절편을 $0.5\;mgl^{-1}$ BA와 함께 IAA, NAA, 2,4-D를 농도별 $(1,2,3\;mgl^{-1})$로 조합한 MS기본배지에 치상하여 신초를 유도하였다. 액아로부터 신초의 형성은 $0.5\;mgl^{-1}$ BA와 $2;mgl^{-1}$ IAA를 혼합처리한 배지에서 57%의 효율로 가장 높게 나타났다. 신초로부터 발근은 MS배지에 IBA를 $1\;mgl^{-1}$를 첨가하였을 때 가장 좋았다. 발생한 root의 길이는 평균 4주 후 약 4 cm로 측정되었다.