• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.144-147
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• 2003

Cu+ ions drift diffusion in formal oxide film and SiOCH film for interlayer dielectric is evaluated. The diffusion is investigated by measuring shift in the flatband voltage of capacitance/voltage measurements on Cu gate capacitors after bias temperature stressing. At a field of 0.2MV/cm and temperature $200^{\circ}C,\;300^{\circ}C,\;400^{\circ}C,\;500^{\circ}C$ for 10min, 30min, 60min. The Cu+ ions drift rate of $SiOCH(k=2.85{\pm}0.03)$ film is considerable lower than termal oxide. As a result of the experiment, SiOCH film is higher than Thermal oxide film for Cu+ drift diffusion resistance. The important conclusion is that SiOCH film will solve a causing reliability problems aganist Cu+ drift diffuion in dielectric materials.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2001

The "crescent-egg" a new spontaneous mutant was detected in a white egg strain k37. Studies were carried out the linkage analysis, to investigate phenotypic characteristics and biochemical analysis of haemolymph and ovarian protein. The mutant, ore was independent from 20 linkage groups P(2), Ze(3),L(4), oc(5), sn8), Ia(9), w-1(10), K(11), ch(13), U(14), bl(15), cts(16), bts(17), mln(18), nb(19), oh(20),Lan(21), or(22), tub(23) and Xan(27). The fertilization, hatchability and larval growth were not different from the those of normal eggs. The content and composition of yolk protein were similared to normal eggs. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the areal specific structure in dorsal region of egg-shell of cre mutant. Analysis of chorion protein by isoelectrofocusing(IEF), was resolved no difference in the composite of the chorion protein. We conclude that the egg mutant ere is expressed only in the egg-shape formation and region specific determination.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.172-182
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• 2021

We look at the business model development of a fan community platform 'Weverse' from two-sided platform (TSP) to multi-sided platform (MSP) and investigate its platform business model. From the Rocket Model's theoretical perspective, the results reveal that Weverse firstly focuses on inviting artists as many as possible starting from BTS, then attracts new artists' fans naturally. For success of this TSP, it forms MSP, 'Weverse Shop' to meet two sides' relevant needs timely and filtered. In third stage of connection, various partnerships are attempted in terms of open platform strategies. For instance, by combining 'VLive' and Weverse, Naver's fan platform business is transferred to Weverse. For core transaction through direct and indirect monetization, several cobranding activities are tried. Lastly, regarding optimization, newly born Weverse being launched in the first half of 2022 is supposed to create further synergies with Naver's R&D capabilities in data, AI, and other technologies like metaverse platform 'ZEPETO' which already sells clothing items of Weverse artists.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2002

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of the maturation media such as a modified TCM-199 (mTCM-199) medium, modified Waymouth MB 752/1 (mWaymouth MB 752/1) medium or NCSU-23 medium on penetrability of pig oocytes by liquid boar sperm. Oocytes (30~40) were transferred into each well of a Nunc 4-well multidish containing 0.5 $m\ell$ maturation medium. When immature pig oocytes were cultured in mTCM-199, mWaymouth MB 752/1 and NCSU-23 maturation media for 44 h in 5% $CO_2$, in air at 38.5$^{\circ}C$, the germinal vesicle breakdown (CVBD) rates of the oocytes were 95.6, 94.1 and 94.9%, respectively, and the maturation rates (metaphase II) of oocytes were 92.5, 90.1 and 91.1%, respectively. No differences were observed among the maturation media. The spermrich portion of ejaculates with greater than 90% motile sperm were used in the experiment. The semen was cooled 22 to 24$^{\circ}C$ over 2 h period. The semen was diluted with Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) extender at room temperature to give 2$\times$10$^{8}$ sperm/$m\ell$ in 100 $m\ell$ plastic bottle. Liquid boar semen of 30 $m\ell$ in 100 $m\ell$ plastic bottle was kept at 17$^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. The sperm with greater than 70% motility after day 5 of storage were used for in-vitro fertilization (IVF). After 44 h maturation of immature oocytes, cumulus cells were removed and oocytes (30~40) coincubated far 6 h in 0.5 $m\ell$ mTCM-199 and mTBM fertilization media with 2$\times$1061$m\ell$ sperm concentration. At 6 h after IVF, oocytes were transferred into 0.5 $m\ell$ mTCM-199 and NCSU-23 culture media for further culture 6 or 42 h. Sperm penetration, polyspermy and male pronuclear formation of oocytes at 12 h after IVF, and developmental ability of oocytes at 48 h after IVF were evaluated. The oocytes in combination with NCSU-23 medium for maturation and mTBM medium for IVF increased male pronuclear formation (48.0%) compared to those in combination with mTCM-199 media for maturation and IVF, and mWaymouth MB 752il medium for maturation and mTCM-199 medium far IVF. The rates of cleaved embryos (2~4 cell stage) at 48 h after IVF were 24.1% in combination with mTCM-199 media for maturation, IVF and culture, 43.6% in combination with mWaymouth MB 75211 medium fur maturation and mTCM-199 media for IVF and culture, and 71.2% in combination with NCSU-23 medium for maturation, mTBM medium for IVF and NCSU-23 medium for culture. In conclusion, we found out the oocytes matured in vitro were fertilized by liquid boar sperm stored in BTS extender at 17$^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. We recommend the simple defined NCSU-23 medium for nuclear maturation, mTBM medium and liquid boar sperm for IVF, and NCSU-23 medium for embryo culture.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.744-758
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• 2009

The characteristics of brightness temperature (BT) of infrared and water vapor channels from MTSAT-1R have been investigated using 12 persistent and frequent lightning cases selected from the summer lightnings of 2006-2008. The infrared (IR1, 10.3-11.3 ${\mu}M$) and water vapor (WV, 6.5-7.0 ${\mu}M$) channels from the MTSAT-1R and the lightning observation data from Korea Meteorological Administration are used. When there is no lightning, the BTs of the IR1 and WV channels show the largest frequency at around 290-295K and 245K, respectively. On the other hand, the BTs of two channels show the largest frequency at 215K caused by strong convection when there is lightning. As a result, the WV-IR1 difference (BTDWI) sharply increases from -50K to 0K. Although it depends on the evolution stage of thunderstorms, the lightning mainly occurs at the core of circular convection in the mesoscale convective complex (MCC), whereas the lightning occurs by concentrated line-shape in the squall line. A strong positive correlation exists between the lightning frequency and the BT in the MCC regardless of the BT, but only at the very cold BT in the squall line. In general, the characteristics of BT are well defined for the lightning occurring in the concentrated line, but they are not well defined in the MCC, especially during the decaying stage of MCC. When they are defined well, the lightning occurs when the BTs of IR1 and WV are lower than 215K, BTDWI is near -3 to 1K, and local standard deviation of IR1 decreases to around 1K.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.257-262
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• 1999

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of pH and storage temperature on the viability of boar sperm diluted with extender KpA for swine artificial insemination. The results obtained in this experiment were summarized as follows : 1. The viability of boar sperm diluted with KpA was higher than that with BTS during storage and especially more than 60% of sperm viability in KpA was maintained through 6 days. The pH values of all extenders were kept during storage of semens following dilution. 2. The sperm diluted with acidic (pH 6.3~6.8) or alkalic (pH 7.8~8.0) KpA and stored at 4$^{\circ}C$ or 37$^{\circ}C$ were more sensitive in viability than that with neutral pH (6.8~7.3) and at 17$^{\circ}C$ storage. But pH values of all conditions were not increased rapidly. Especially acidic and alkalic diluents were more stable in pH after dilution. Conclusively, extender pH and storage temperature was the important factors for sperm viability. The KpA setting up around neutral pH was the optimal boar semen extender for maintaining liquid semen at 17$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.265-278
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• 2011

Objectives : This trial were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of Bofutsusho-san(BTS) and Boiogiot-tang(BOT) by oriental obesity pattern identification on obese subjects, as compared to placebo. Methods : 166 subjects(body mass index ${\geq}25kg/m^2$) were recruited and randomized to receive BT(n=55), FH(n=55) or placebo(n=56) for 8 weeks. Anthropometric factors, serum lipid, glucose, blood pressure(BP), pulse rate, resting metabolic rate and oriental obesity pattern identification questionnaire were measured at baseline and 8 weeks. Adverse events and safety outcome variables were also checked during trials. Results : The frequency of top-scored oriental obesity pattern was ordered by indigestion(食積) > stagnation of the liver qi(肝鬱) > yang deficiency(陽虛) > spleen deficiency(脾虛) > phlegm(痰飮) > blood stasis(瘀血) in subjects. BTS group significantly decreased body weight, body mass index(BMI), waist circumference(WC), body fat mass, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in stagnation of the liver qi(肝鬱) and WC in indigestion(食積). BOT group showed significant decrease of body weight, BMI, WC, and body fat mass in indigestion(食積) not in deficiency(虛症). Adverse events were reported most frequently in yang deficiency(陽虛) by BT group and stagnation of the liver qi(肝鬱) by BOT group. Conclusions : Bofu-tsusho-san was effective in treating obesity with stagnation of the liver qi(肝鬱). Obesity pattern identification could be a useful diagnostic tool predicting treatment effects and adverse events.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.943-947
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to see if fairly simple magnetic nano-particle treatment enhances boar semen qualities. Boar semen samples were prepared from the swine AI center and samples were divided by 4 different motility groups (1, >90%; 2. 80~90%; 3. 70~80%; 4. <70%) using computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) evaluation. Boar semen was extended using BTS extender and same number of magnetic nano-particles as total number of spermatozoa in each sample was treated for 20 min and collected for 5 min at room temperature. Sperm qualities such as motility and viability were evaluated by the CASA before and after treatment. Sperm abnormality and degree of agglutination were also evaluated under the microscopic examination before and after treatment. There were significant changes (p<0.05) on sperm motility from all 4 different groups in the average of 7.11% after treatment. The enhancement of sperm motility changes was more clear in the groups of lower sperm motile groups (<70% and 70~80%; 19.12±1.08% and 5.67±0.71%, p<0.05). The sperm motility character in terms of curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP) and linearity (LIN, %) showed also similar pattern but motility enhancement wear more clear in below 70% motile group. Average sperm viability was increased to 4% by magnetic nano-particles (p<0.05). The percentage of sperm abnormality was also reduced significantly (p<0.05) to the range of 3.7~4.5% before after treatment. The degree of sperm agglutination was also reduced in lower motility groups by the magnetic nano-particle purification.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.138-148
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of Bangpungtongseong-san (Fangfengtongsheng-san, BTS) and Daesiho-tang (Dachaihu-tang, DST) on weight loss and improvement in lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism. Furthermore, we intend to develop a prediction model for drug effects through the analysis of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), gut-microbiota, and the expression of immune-related biomarkers. Methods: This study is a single-center, randomized, double-blind, parallel-design clinical trial. One hundred twenty-eight participants will be assigned to the BTS group (n=64) and DST group (n=64). Both groups will be administered 4 g medication three times a day for up to 2 weeks. The primary outcomes is weight loss. The secondary outcomes include bioelectrical impedance analysis, waist circumstance, body mass index, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, insulin resistance. The exploratory outcomes include 3-day dietary recall, food frequency questionnaire, quality of life questionnaire, gut microbiota analysis, immune biomarkers analysis, and SNP analysis. Assessment will be made at baseline and at week 4, 8, and 12. Conclusions: This protocol will be implemented by approval of the Institutional Review Board of Dongguk University. The results of this trial will provide a systematic evidence for the treatment of obesity and enable more precise herbal medicine prescriptions.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 2022

Lane management with a central variable lane(s) (or reversible lane) where the traffic flow is temporarily reversed in one or more lanes during peak periods has been evaluated as an effective strategy to alleviate congestion caused by tidal traffic flows. However, due to traffic safety issues, such a movable barrier system can be considered as an alternative to supplement the existing its operation facilities such as static and/or dynamic signs and special pavement markings. In addition, when combined with a bus exclusive lane strategy, its effectiveness could be greatly increased. The objective of this study is to propose a feasibility analysis procedure for operational strategies of a bus-exclusive lanes using a barrier transfer system (BTS) for urban expressways. To this end, a case study was conducted on two urban expressways on the west side of the Han River in Seoul. As a result, temporary operation during rush hour in the morning was found to be most effective. The results presented in this study are expected to serve as a basis for establishing bus-exclusive lane operation strategies using similar systems in the future.