• BMB Reports
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• 제55권8호
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• pp.380-388
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• 2022

The B cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) and BTG2 play a key role in a wide range of cellular activities including proliferation, apoptosis, and cell growth via modulating a variety of central biological steps such as transcription, post-transcriptional, and translation. BTG1 and BTG2 have been identified by genomic profiling of B-cell leukemia and diverse lymphoma types where both genes are commonly mutated, implying that they serve as tumor suppressors. Furthermore, a low expression level of BTG1 or BTG2 in solid tumors is frequently associated with malignant progression and poor treatment outcomes. As physiological aspects, BTG1 and BTG2 have been discovered to play a critical function in regulating quiescence in hematopoietic lineage such as Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and naive and memory T cells, highlighting their novel role in maintaining the quiescent state. Taken together, emerging evidence from the recent studies suggests that BTG1 and BTG2 play a central anti-proliferative role in various tissues and cells, indicating their potential as targets for innovative therapeutics.

• 운동과학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.373-384
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• 2012

흡기근 훈련을 동반한 유산소운동이 흡기근력, 폐기능, 최대산소섭취량(maximal oxygen uptake; VO₂max)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 연구하였다. 24명의 건강한 대학생이 3 그룹으로 나뉘어 6주간의 실험에 참여하였다. 대상자들은 호흡근육훈련(RTG; n=8), 유산소성달리기훈련(REG; n=8), 호흡근육 및 달리기훈련(BTG; n=8) 그룹으로 나뉘었다. 실험전과 후 폐기능, 최대흡기압력(maximal inspiratory pressure; PImax), VO₂max가 평가되었다. RTG는 실험기간 동안 흡기근육훈련(inspiratory muscle training; IMT) 프로그램에 참여하였으며, PImax 의 50 % 강도로, 하루 2회, 주당 4일, 회당 30회 훈련하였다. REG는 개인별 VO₂max의 70-75 % 강도로, 하루 1회, 주당 4회, 회당 30분 달리기 훈련을 하였다. BTG는 같은 기간 동안 IMT와 달리기훈련 모두에 참여하였다. 실험기간 중 대상자들의 체격변인과 폐기능 변인은 변하지 않았다. VO₂max는 RTG, REG, BTG에서 각각 6.1±3.3 %, 5.9±6.6 %, 10.0±8.3 % 증가하였고(p< .05), PImax 또한 RTG, REG, BTG에서 각각 21.7±14.3 %, 19.7±12.0 %, 27.0±12.1 % 증가하였으나(p< .05), 그룹 간의 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로, 모든 그룹에서 향상이 관찰되었으며, 흡기근 훈련과 유산소운동을 동반한 그룹에서 VO₂max와 PImax의 가장 큰 향상을 보였다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.140-149
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• 2018

The $TIS21^{/BTG2/PC3}$ gene belongs to the antiproliferative gene (APRO) family and exhibits tumor suppressive activity. However, here we report that TIS21 controls lipid metabolism, rather than cell proliferation, under fasting condition. Using microarray analysis, whole gene expression changes were investigated in liver of TIS21 knockout (TIS21-KO) mice after 20 h fasting and compared with wild type (WT). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ($PPAR{\alpha}$) target gene expression was almost absent in contrast to increased lipid synthesis in the TIS21-KO mice compared to WT mice. Immunohistochemistry with hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that lipid deposition was focal in the TIS21-KO liver as opposed to the diffuse and homogeneous pattern in the WT liver after 24 h starvation. In addition, cathepsin E expression was over 10 times higher in the TIS21-KO liver than that in the WT, as opposed to the significant reduction of thioltransferase in both adult and fetal livers. At present, we cannot account for the role of cathepsin E. However, downregulation of glutaredoxin 2 thioltransferase expression might affect hypoxic damage in the TIS21-KO liver. We suggest that the $TIS21^{/BTG2}$ gene might be essential to maintain energy metabolism and reducing power in the liver under fasting condition.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.182-191
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of board training and complex training on ankle stability in taekwondo college students with a history of ankle sprain. Methods: Twenty-seven taekwondo college students were randomly assigned into a board training (BTG, n=9), complex training (CTG, n=9), or control groups (CG, n=9). BTG carried out disk and trampoline training 3 times a week for 8 weeks. CTG carried out resistive and plyometric training 3 times a week for 8 weeks. All subjects completed ankle stability test for static and dynamic balance in anterior/posterior and medial/lateral stability with New Balance System (BIODEX Medical System, USA). Results: There were no significant differences between three groups in ankle stability. Those who participated in BTG significantly improved static balance of left foot in anterior/posterior stability, and dynamic balance of both feet in mediolateral stability, but there were no change in CTG. Conclusion: Board training is more improved ankle stability in taekwondo college students with a history of ankle sprain than complex training.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.8.1-8.8
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• 2015

Background: The demand for healthy, lean and consistent meat products containing low saturated fatty acid content and high quality polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially long-chain (${\geq}C_{20}$) omega-3 PUFA, has increased in recent times. Fat deposition is altered by both the genetic background and dietary supplements, and this study aimed to assess the effect of dietary Spirulina supplementation levels on the mRNA expression patterns of genes controlling lipid metabolism in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and Longissimus dorsi (ld) muscle of Australian crossbred sheep. Methods: Twenty-four weaned lambs belonging to four breeds under the same management conditions were maintained on ryegrass pasture and fed three levels of Spirulina supplement (control, low and high). In terms of nutrient composition, Spirulina is a nutrient-rich supplement that contains all essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals. It also is a rich source of carotenoids and fatty acids, especially gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) that infer health benefits. After slaughter, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and ld samples were subjected to mRNA extraction and reverse transcription using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to assess the mRNA expression levels of the Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), Adrenergic beta-3 receptor (ADRB3), B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) and Fatty acid synthase (FASN) genes, which are associated with lipid metabolism. Results: Both low and high Spirulina supplementation levels strongly up-regulated the transcription of all the selected genes in both SAT and ld tissues (mostly in the subcutaneous adipose), but sheep breed and sex did not influence the gene expression patterns in these tissues. Conclusions: The evidence indicates that high Spirulina supplementation level resulted in a decrease in intramuscular fat content in Australian purebred and crossbred sheep due to the enhanced production of melatonin in sheep muscle tissues and strong up-regulation of mRNA expression of BTG2 in SAT which negatively affected fat deposition. In contrast, low Spirulina supplementation level strongly up-regulated the ADRB3 and FASN genes responsible for fat production. These findings are consistent with the observed phenotypic data suggesting that low Spirulina supplementation level can increase lamb production, with higher long-chain PUFA content.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.613-615
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• 1998

임프란트의 외표면적이 골과의 결합의 정도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 10개의 grade ll 티타늄 임프란트를 사용하여 이를 직경 3미리와 5미리의 2개의 군으로 나누어 10마리의 토끼의 무릅뼈에 삽입하였다. 6주후에 동물들을 희생시키고 회전제거력을 Tohnichi 15-BTG-N Torque garge Manometer로 측정하여 5nmwlrrud 그룹의 회전제거력이 3mm직경 그룹의 회전제거력보다 큰 것을 확인하였다. (p=0.008)

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2010

Histone deacetylation and demethylation are epigenetic mechanisms implicated in cancer. Studies regarding the role of modulation of gene expression utilizing the histone deacetylase inhibitor scriptaid and the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine in HL-60 leukemia cells have been limited. We studied the possibility of recovering epigenetically silenced genes by scriptaid and 5-azacytidine in human leukemia cells by DNA microarray analysis. The first group was leukemia cells that were cultured with 5-azacytidine. The second group was cultured with scriptaid. The other group was cultured with both agents. Two hundred seventy newly developed genes were expressed after the combination of 5-azacytidine and scriptaid. Twenty-nine genes were unchanged after the combination treatment of 5-azacytidine and scriptaid. Among the 270 genes, 13 genes were differed significantly from the control. HPGD, CPA3, CEACAM6, LOC653907, ETS1, RAB37, PMP22, FST, FOXC1, and CCL2 were up-regulated, and IGLL3, IGLL1, and ASS1 were down-regulated. Eleven genes associated with oncogenesis were found among the differentially expressed genes: ETS1, ASCL2, BTG2, BTG1, SLAMF6, CDKN2D, RRAS, RET, GIPC1, MAGEB, and RGL4. We report the results of our leukemia cell microarray profiles after epigenetic combination therapy with the hope that they are the starting point of selectively targeted epigenetic therapy.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.359-363
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• 1999

To prevent appearance of resistant mosquitoes against $\delta$-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) in field, a mosquitocidal Bacillus thuringiensis strain 21-2(Bt21-2) producing a new type of $\delta$-endotoxin was isolated. The strain Bt 21-2 belongs to H serotype 43, B. thuringiensis subsp. guiyangiensis (Btg). The $\delta$-endotoxins from the strain Bt 21-2 and the strain Bti were a cuboid shape morphologically, but the $\delta$-endotoxin of the strain Bt 21-2 was composed of 150, 90 and 70kDa proteins on SDS-PAGE, and the antigenicity of $\delta$-endotoxin of the strain Bt 21-2 was different from that of the strain Bti on immunoblot. The $\delta$-endotoxin gene of the strain Bt 21-2 was not amplified with specific primers of $\delta$-endotoxin gene (cry4A and cry4B) of the strain Bti on PCR.

• 약학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.432-439
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• 2000

This study was condo더ed to investigate the antitoxic component in aqueous extract of Houttuynia cordata $T_{HUNB}$. The results were as follows: Generally, detoxification effects by Houttuynia cordata $T_{HUNB}$ extract increased in proportion to the extract concentrations in rats. When 40 mBtg dosage of Houttuynia cordata $T_{HUNB}$ extract was administrated, Houttynia cordata $T_{HUNB}$ extract showed the highest antitoxic effects in metallothionein induction. After the extract treatment, body weights increased in proportion to the extract concentrations. However, after 3 weeks, the body weight decreased insignificantly. From the above results, Houttuynia cordate $T_{HUNB}$ extract increased metallothionein concentration and decreased the toxicity of cadmium in rats. In vitro the antitoxic activity of aqueous extract of Houttuynia cordata $T_{HUNB}$ on NIH 373 fibroblasts was evaluated by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetra-zoliumbromide) and SRB (sulforhodamine B protein) assays. The light microscopic study was carried out to observe morphological changes of the treated cells. These results were obtained as follows; The concentration of 10$^{-2}$ mg/ml of Houttuynia cordata $T_{HUNB}$ extract was shown significant antitoxic activity The number of NIH 373 fibroblasts were increased and tend to regenerate. These results suggest that Houttuynia cordata THUNB extract retains a potential antitoxic activity.oxic activity.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2008

Nitric oxide(NO) has been known to play important roles in numerous physiologic processes including neurotransmission, vasorelaxation, and cellular apoptosis. Using a mouse cDNA gene chip, we examined expression patterns and time course of NO-dependent genes in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Genes shown to be upregulated more than two fold or at least at two serial time points were further selected and validated by RT-PCR. Finally, 81 selected genes were classified by function as signaling, apoptosis, inflammation, transcription, translation, ionic homeostasis and metabolism. Among those, genes related with signaling, apoptosis and inflammation, such as guanylate cyclase 1, soluble, alpha3(Gucy1a3); protein kinase C, alpha($Pkc{\alpha}$); lymphocyte protein tyrosine kinase(Lck); BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa-interacting protein(Bnip3); apoptotic protease activating factor 1(Apaf1); X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis(Xiap); cyclin G1(Ccng1); chemokine(C-C motif) ligand 4(Ccl4); B cell translocation gene 2, anti-proliferative(Btg2); lysozyme 2(Lyz2); secreted phosphoprotein 1(Spp1); heme oxygenase(decycling) 1(Hmox1); CD14 antigen(Cd14); and granulin(Grn) may play important roles in NO-dependent responses in murine macrophages.