• Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.570-577
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• 2011

We developed insect-resistant GM rice(Bt transgenic rice) by inserting the mCry1Ac1 a modified gene from the soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis. The Bt transgenic rice expressing the Bttoxin mCry1Ac1 was tested for the effects on survival of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Cyprinus carpio, commonly used as a model organism in ecotoxicological studies. M. anguillicaudatus and C. carpio fed 100% ground rice in suspension, using either Bt rice or non-GM counterpart rice(Nakdong). The Bt rice used for the test were confirmed to have the mCry1Ac1 gene expression by the immuno-strip and ELISA analysis. Feeding test showed that no significant differences in cumulative immobility and abnormal response of M. anguillicaudatus and C. carpio fed on between Bt rice and non-GM counterpart rice. The 96hr-LC₅₀ values showed no difference between Bt rice(>1,000mg/L) and non-GM rice(>1,000mg/L). We concluded that there was no significant difference in toxicity for non-target organisms(M. anguillicaudatus and C. carpio) between Bt rice and non-GM counterparts.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.124-130
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• 2001

Ginkgo biliba has been used for bronchitis and asthma in oriental countries and its leaf extract(GBE) contains 24% ginkgoflavone glycoside and 6% terpenoid. Flavonoids and terpenoids are known to have various antioxidant effects such as scavenging of free radicals and chelation of transtional metals. Antioxidant effect of GBE against 1,2,4-benzenetriol(BT), one of toxic metabolites of benzene, was demonstrated throughbsister chromatid exchange(SCE) analysis, single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE) analysis, DNA cleavage assay and lipid peroxidation production analysis. The means of SCE frequencies at 10, 25 and 50$\mu$M concentration of BT were 7.72, 8.02, 9.22 respectively. In addition of GBE with concentration of 50, 200 and 500$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, SCE frequencies were decreased significantly.(p<0.05) According to SCGE analysis, BT induced DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner at concentration of 10 and 50 $\mu$m and the DNA damage induced by BT was significantly protected by GBE(p<0.001). No genotoxicity was observed by GBE treatment alone on DNA cleavage. The effect of BT on lipid peroxidation product, Malondiadehyde(MDA), was increased with concentration of BT(10 and 50 $\mu$M) and reduction in MDA was noted when GBE was added. From above results it is suggested that GBE could protect the cell and DNA from pro-oxidant effect by reactive oxigen species induced by BT.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.322-326
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• 1994

Bacillus thuringiensis strain BT-14 was isolated from alfalfa dust in Korea. The strain BT-14 produced one bipyramidal crystal and one spore in the cell. The biochemical characteristics of the strain BT-14 were similar to those of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-l. Examination of its antibiotic resistance revealed that while the strain BT-14 was less resistant than BTK HD-l to ampicillin, gentamycin, neomycin and tobramycin, it was more resistant to amikacin than BTK HD-l. The $\delta$-endotoxin crystal of strain BT-14 consisted of a single protein with a high molecular weight of ca 135 KD on a 10% SDS-PACE. The strain BT-14 contained at least nine different plasmids with sizes of 2.9, 5.3, 5.8, 6.2, 9.4, 15.1, 18.1, 23.1 and 79 Kb. In insect bioassay, the isolated strain BT-14 showed lethality of 67% against Plutella xylostella larvae at dilution of 5$\times$$l0^{-4}$ (5$\times$l0 to 3$\times$$l0^2$ spores/ml), which is, almost equivalent to that of BTK HD-l.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.239-247
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• 2020

Technological convergence is yielding new values and affecting various fields not by single technology but by convergence between technologies. This study aims to analyze the IT -BT-NT convergence and differences between technologies in respect of collaboration within (inventor) and between (assignee) organizations. Among the main technologies leading the technological convergence, IT is the most active of converging with other fields. BT is knowledge-intensive and strong cooperative networks are important in this area. NT is applied in various industrial fields upon the basic technology. Using the data on applied and granted patents by Korean applicants in the U.S., this study conducted quantitative analysis and ANOVA to gain the following results. First, the degree of convergence in between IT-BT-NT is continuously increasing since 2002. Second, BT is where the collaboration within and between organizations is the most active among IT-BT-NT. Third, there were certain differences in the degree of convergence according to the years and the fields of technologies in all the IT-BT-NT. Organizations cooperate with other institutions to sustain their competitiveness with limited internal resources. Companies in these fields are recommended to perform diverse strategies to pursue further collaboration with the outside.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.113-120
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• 1998

For a microbial control of a plant pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae, Bacillus sp. strain BT182-3 was isolated. The strain BT182-3 had a growth inhibition against P. syringae not only on agar plate but also on cultured broth. After heat treatment at $40^{\cird}C$ and $80^{\cird}C$ for 30min, the lytic substance from the strain BT182-3 had about 52% remaining activity and 17% remaining activity, respectively. The optimal pH and temperature of the lytic substance was 6.0 and $28^{\cird}C$, respectively. Germination ratio of healthy radish seeds was 87% at $25^{\cird}C$ for 5 days in 0.8% saline, and that of the radish seeds infected with P. syringae was 67%, while that of the radish seeds treated with cultured broth of the strain BT182-3 was 90%. The 5-days healthy radish seedlings were 3.90cm at high and the seedlings infected with P. syringae were 3.06cm at high, while the seedlings treated with cultured broth of the strain BT182-3 were 4.30cm at high. The growth of the radish seedlings infected with P. syringae was inhibited after cultivation for 40days on pots, while the growth of the infected radish seedlings with P. syringae was recovered at stem length, root length and total weight at the same as the healthy seedlings after treatment of a lytic substance from the strain BT182-3.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.138-142
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• 1995

Bacillus thuringiensis strain BT-209 was isolated from a soybean grain dust sample in Korea. The strain BT-209 produced two different sizes of cuboidal crystals and one spore in the cell. In the biochemical characterization, the strain BT-209 showed negative reactions on the production of urease, and the utilization of citrate and sucrose. Examination of its antibiotic resistance revealed that while the strain BT-209 showed higher sensitivity than B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1 to ampicillin, bacitracin, chlortetracycline, gentamycin, neomycin, penicillin G, tetracycline and tobramycin, it was more resistant to methicillin than B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1. The $\delta$-endotoxin crystal of strain BT-209 consisted of three proteins with apparent molecular weights of appoximately 148, 135 and 62 kDa on a 10% SDS-PAGE. The strain BT-209 had at least eight different plasmids with sizes of 4.1, 5.2, 6.3, 8.6, 14.6, 24.5, 67.6 and 77.6 Kb. The strain BT-209 showed strong lethalities of 70% and 87% against Bombyx mori and Hyphantria cunea larvae. at 72 h, respectively.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.439-449
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• 2012

In recent innovation trends, one notable feature is the merging and overlapping of technologies: in other words, technological convergence. A key technological convergence is the fusion of biotechnology (BT) and information technology (IT). Major IT advances have led to innovative devices that allow us to advance BT. However, the lack of data on IT-BT convergence is a major impediment: relatively little research has analyzed the inter-disciplinary relationship of different industries. We propose a systematic approach to analyzing the technological convergence of BT and IT. Patent analysis, including citation and co-classification analyses, was adopted as a main method to measure the convergence intensity and coverage, and two portfolio matrices were developed to manage the technological convergence. The contribution of this paper is that it provides practical evidences for IT-BT convergence, based on quantitative data and systematic processes. This has managerial implications for each sector of IT and BT.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 2007

To improve insecticidal activity of B. thuringiensis 2385-1 (Bt 2385-1), a recombinant plasmid, pHT1K-1Ac, was introduced into lepidopteran toxic Bt 2385-1 by electroporation. The presence of the recombinant plasmid in Bt 2385-1 after electroporation was confirmed by PCR. Bt 2385-1 transformant was named as Bt pHT1K-1Ac/2385-1 (1K-1Ac/2385-1). The 1K-1Ac/2385-1 transformant produced bipyramidal-shaped parasporal inclusion as like the wild-type strain, Bt 2385-1, and showed an 130 kDa band of Cry1Ac protein. The insecticidal activity of 1K-lAc/2385-1 against S. exigua was similar to that of Bt 2385-1 but the $LC_{50}$ value of transformant against P. xylostella was 1.8 times lower. Through these bioassay results, it was confirmed that toxicity of Bt 2385-1 transformant showed synergistic effect by introducing Cry1Ac. These results suggested that the multiple expressions of Cry proteins in a promising Bt strain may interact synergistically in insect midgut, resulting in increase of toxicity and expansion of host spectrum.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.153-160
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• 2011

To evaluate the whitening effect of black tea water extract (BT), BT was topically applied to artificially hyperpigmented spots on the back skins of brown guinea-pigs (weight: 450~500 g) induced by 1,500 mJ/$cm^2$ of ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. The test compounds of 30 ${\mu}l$ were applied twice a day, six days a week, for four weeks. The artificially hyperpigmented spots were divided into 5 groups: control (UVB + saline, C), vehicle control [UVB + propylene glycol: ethanol: water (5 : 3 : 2), VC], positive control (UVB + 2% hydroquinone, PC), experimental 1 (UVB + 1% BT), experimental 2 (UVB + 2% BT). After 4-week application, the spots were removed by biopsy punch under anesthetic condition and used as specimens for the histological examination. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of BT were 104 and 91 mg/g, respectively. The electron-donating ability of BT revealed a dose-dependent response, showing the excellent capacities of 86% at 800 ${\mu}g$/ml. The artificially hyperpigmented spots treated with the PC and BT were obviously lightened compared to the C and VC groups. At the fourth week, the melanin indices for the PC and BT groups were significantly lower (p < 0.001) than those of the C and VC groups. In histological examination, PC and BT groups were significantly reduced in the melanin pigmentation, the proliferation of melanocytes and the synthesis of melanosomes compared to the C and VC groups. It is found that BT inhibits the proliferation of melanocytes and synthesis of melanosomes in vivo using brown guinea pigs, thereby showing a definite skin whitening effect.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.51-59
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• 2008

Objectives : Buplueri Radix (BR), used medical plant in Korea traditional medicine, contains various compounds, including a series of triterpene saponins known as saikosaponins. We performed this study for the protective effect of BR against oxidative damage induced by 1,2,4-benzentriol(BT) in human lymphocytes. Methods : In order to investigate the protective effect of BR against carcinogens, genotoxicity induced by benzene metabolite, BT were performed using cytokinesis-block micronucleus(CBMN) assay and comet assay. Results : The frequency of micronucleus at 25, 50 and $100{\mu}M$ concentration of BT were $8{\pm}2.36$, $23{\pm}2.31$, $35{\pm}4.17$ respectively. In addition of BR with concentration of 25 and $50{\mu}g/mL$, MN frequencies were significantly decreased. According to comet assay, BT induced DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner at concentration of 10 and 50 while BT with BR treatment decreased DNA breakage. No genotoxicity was observed by BR($25{\sim}50{\mu}g/mL$) treatment alone on DNA breakage. Since BT can induce DNA damage through the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS), we examined the level of ROS in human lymphocytes treated with BT and/or BR using DCF-DA, ROS-sensitive probe. The generation of ROS in BT-treated cells was also observed, and BR addition inhibited the level of BT-induced DNA damage. Conclusions : From above results it is suggested that BR could protect the cell and DNA from pro-oxidant effect by ROS by BT