• 자원환경지질
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.701-716
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• 2022

This study investigated the distribution behaviors of PM2.5 and PM10 at two air quality monitoring sites, Go-eup (GO) and Backseokeup (BS), located in Yangju City, South Korea. The amounts of emissions sources of pollutants were analyzed based on the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS), and the contribution rates of neighboring cities were enumerated in Yangju. Yangju has a geological basin structure, and it is a city with mixed urban and rural characteristics. The emission concentration of particulate matter was affected by geological and seasonal factors for all sites observed in this study. Therefore, these factors should be considered when establishing policies related to particulate matter. Because the official GO and BS station sites in Yangju are both situated in the southern part of the city, the representativeness of both stations was checked using correlation analysis for the measurement of PM2.5 and PM10 by considering two more sites-those of Bongyang-dong (BY) and the Gumjun (GJ) industrial complex. The data included discharge amounts for business types 4 and 5, which were not sufficiently considered in the CAPSS estimates. Because the 4 and 5 types of businesses represent over 92.6% of businesses in this city, they are workplaces in Yangju that have a significant effect on the total air pollutant emission. These types of businesses should be re-inspected as the main discharge sources in industry, and basic data accumulation should be carried out. Moreover, to manage the emission of particulate matter, attainable countermeasures for the main sources of these emissions should be prepared in a prioritized fashion; such countermeasures include prohibition of backyard burning, supervision of charcoal kilns, and management of livestock excretions and fugitive dust in construction sites and on roads. The contribution rates by neighboring cities was enumerated between 6.3% and 10.9% for PM2.5. Cooperation policies are thought to be required with neighboring cites to reduce particulate matter.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.751-758
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• 2020

사물인터넷을 비롯한 다양한 형태의 통신을 활용한 응용분야가 생겨남에 따라 통신의 형태가 다양해지고 있다. 어떠한 응용은 빠른 피드백을 요구하기도 하고, 다른 응용은 수신여부와는 상관없이 데이터를 계속 보내기도 한다. 한 방향으로 데이터를 전송하는 것은 반대 방향 응답에 의해 확인될 수 있다. 이러한 정보 교환은 양방향 통신을 형성한다. 송신자는 수신자의 응답에 따라 다음 동작을 결정하므로 빠른 응답을 제공하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 셀룰러 네트워크에서 양방향 통신의 전송지연 성능을 향상시키기 위한 기지국 협력 전송 기법을 제안한다. 양방향 트래픽뿐만 아니라 동일한 방향의 트래픽을 가진 협력 기지국을 활용하는 양방향 통신 기법을 고안하였다. 제안한 방식을 통하여 지연 시간 성능이 향상됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.4033-4038
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• 2013

건설공사 현장에서 발생하는 버럭 중 퇴적암은 대부분 야적, 매립 등으로 폐기하고 있어 공사비의 증대 및 시공 비효율화의 원인이 되고 있다. 이 중 일부 사암의 경우 선별하여 골재로 활용하기도 하지만, 셰일은 대부분 산업폐기물로 매립하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 대경권의 골재수급 안정화 및 콘크리트용 대체골재 자원 개발의 일환으로 대경권에 널리 분포하고 있는 셰일 골재의 풍화특성을 평가하였으며, 셰일 골재의 치환율 변화에 따른 콘크리트의 동결융해 특성을 평가하였다. 실험에 사용된 셰일은 대구시 터파기 공사현장에서 반출되는 레드셰일과 블랙셰일을 선정하였으며, 콘크리트용 굵은 골재로 널리 사용되는 안산암과 변성퇴적암의 일종인 혼펠스와 비교함으로써 셰일의 콘크리트용 골재 활용성을 검토하였다. 실험결과, 안산암과 혼펠스의 경우 시간 경과에 따른 열화현상이 발견되지 않았으나, 블랙셰일은 모암의 일부가 박리되는 현상이 발견되었다. 레드셰일은 직접 폭로 1.5개월 경과 후 층리의 방향에 따라 균열이 발생하기 시작하였으며, 약 4개월 경과 후 잘게 부수어지는 현상이 나타났다. 셰일 골재 치환율에 따른 제조한 콘크리트의 300 cycle 동결융해 반복 후 상대동탄성계수는 Plain에서 97%, Hornfels는 95%로 나타났으며, RS_100의 경우 반복횟수 210 Cycle에서 57%, BS_100의 경우 반복횟수 240 Cycle에서 상대동탄성계수가 54%로 나타나 셰일 골재를 사용한 콘크리트의 동결융해 저항성이 반복횟수 증가에 따라 급격히 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.2595-2618
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• 2018

In this paper, we investigate secure communication with the presence of multiple eavesdroppers (Eves) in a two-tier downlink dense heterogeneous network, wherein there is a macrocell base station (MBS) and multiple femtocell base stations (FBSs). Each base station (BS) has multiple users. And Eves attempt to wiretap a macrocell user (MU). To keep Eves ignorant of the confidential message, we propose a physical-layer security scheme based on cross-layer cooperation to exploit interference in the considered network. Under the constraints on the quality of service (QoS) of other legitimate users and transmit power, the secrecy rate of system can be maximized through jointly optimizing the beamforming vectors of MBS and cooperative FBSs. We explore the problem of maximizing secrecy rate in both non-colluding and colluding Eves scenarios, respectively. Firstly, in non-colluding Eves scenario, we approximate the original non-convex problem into a few semi-definite programs (SDPs) by employing the semi-definite relaxation (SDR) technique and conservative convex approximation under perfect channel state information (CSI) case. Furthermore, we extend the frame to imperfect CSI case and use the Lagrangian dual theory to cope with uncertain constraints on CSI. Secondly, in colluding Eves scenario, we transform the original problem into a two-tier optimization problem equivalently. Among them, the outer layer problem is a single variable optimization problem and can be solved by one-dimensional linear search. While the inner-layer optimization problem is transformed into a convex SDP problem with SDR technique and Charnes-Cooper transformation. In the perfect CSI case of both non-colluding and colluding Eves scenarios, we prove that the relaxation of SDR is tight and analyze the complexity of proposed algorithms. Finally, simulation results validate the effectiveness and robustness of proposed scheme.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.2770-2776
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• 2011

본 논문은 DTV 주파수 대역(185 MHz, 481 MHz, 687 MHz)에 WiBro와 무선랜 서비스가 동일 채널 및 인접 채널에 할당되는 시나리오를 가정한 후, Monte-Carlo 기반의 Spectrum Engineering Advanced Monte Carlo Analysis Tool(SEAMCAT)을 이용한 간섭 분석을 통해 최적의 주파수 대역을 제시하였다. 분석 내용으로 WiBro Mobile Station과 무선랜 User Equipment 사이의 요구되는 보호거리 및 보호 대역, WiBro Mobile Station/Base Station 및 무선랜 User Equipment 의 허용 송신 파워를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 주파수 대역 185 MHz에 할당할 경우가 상대적으로 잠재적 간섭이 가장 큰 경우이고 697 MHz의 할당이 최적의 주파수 대역으로 분석되었다. 본 분석결과는 향후 DTV 주파수 대역에 WiBro와 무선랜의 할당에 유용하게 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.273-284
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 상향링크와 하향링크가 공존하는 역 듀플렉스 셀룰러 네트워크 상황에서 단방향 기지국 협력을 통한 단사 간섭 정렬 타당성에 대한 연구를 하였다. 일반적인 안테나 개수와 사용자수에 따른 단사 간섭 정렬의 필요조건과 충분조건을 제시하였고, 이어서 특정 조건을 만족하는 네트워크에서 간략화 된 충분조건을 제시하였다. 특히 대칭 네트워크 상황에서는 단사 간섭 정렬의 필요충분조건을 제시하였고, 각 셀 당 두 명의 사용자가 존재하는 대칭 네트워크 상황에서는 닫힌 형태의 필요충분조건을 규명하였다. 제안한 단방향 기지국협력을 통해 합 자유도를 크게 증가시킬 수 있으며, 모의실험을 통해 상용 신호 대 잡음비 영역에서 합 전송률을 획기적으로 개선 할 수 있음을 확인 하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.2722-2742
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• 2014

We propose methods of linear transceiver design for two different power constraints, sum relay power constraint and per relay power constraint, which determine signal processing matrices such as base station (BS) transmitter, relay precoders and user receivers to minimize sum mean square error (SMSE) for multi-relay multi-user (MRMU) networks. However, since the formulated problem is non-convex one which is hard to be solved, we suboptimally solve the problems by defining convex subproblems with some fixed variables. We adopt iterative sequential designs of which each iteration stage corresponds to each subproblem. Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) theorem and SMSE duality are employed as specific methods to solve subproblems. The numerical results verify that the proposed methods provide comparable performance to that of a full relay cooperation bound (FRCB) method while outperforming the simple amplify-and-forward (SAF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) relaying in terms of not only SMSE, but also the sum rate.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2008

이 논문에서는MIMO(Multi-Input Multi-Out)-OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 시스템에 다중 안테나를 가진 relay를 적용 할 경우, cooperation 통신을 하기 위한 기법을 제안하고 성능을 분석한다. 이동국과 relay간 뿐만 아니라 relay와 기지국간에도 STC(space time coding)에 의해 MIMO채널이 형성되어 cooperative diversity와 MIMO에 의한 diversity 이득을 함께 얻을 수 있어 시스템의 성능이 크게 향상된다. 또한 이동국과 relay에서 송신전력을 위한 간략화 된 전력할당 기법을 제안하여 이에 따른 시스템의 성능이 향상됨을 분석한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.4662-4677
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• 2018

The dynamic opportunistic device-to-device (DO-D2D) network will frequently emerge in the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication due to high-density and fast-moving mobile devices. In order to improve the Quality of Experience (QoE) of users with different computing capacity devices in the DO-D2D network, in this paper, we focus on the study of how to reduce the packets retransmission delay and satisfy heterogeneous devices. To select as many devices as possible to transmit simultaneously without interference, the concurrent transmitters-selecting algorithm is firstly put forward. It jointly considers the number of packets successfully received by each device and the device's connectivity. Then, to satisfy different devices' demands while primarily ensuring the base-layer packets successfully received by all the devices, the layer-cooperation instantly decodable network coding is presented, which is used to select transmission packets combination for each transmitter. Simulation results illustrate that there is an appreciable retransmission delay gain especially in the poor channel quality network compared to the traditional base-station (BS) retransmission algorithm. In addition, our proposed algorithms perform well to satisfy the different demands of users with heterogeneous devices.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.1828-1847
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• 2014

Coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission has been regarded as a potential technology for LTE-Advanced. In frequency division duplexing systems, channel quantization is applied for reporting channel state information (CSI). Considering the dynamic number of cooperation base stations (BSs), asymmetry feature of CoMP channels and high searching complexity, simply increasing the size of the codebook used in traditional multiple antenna systems to quantize the global CSI of CoMP systems directly is infeasible. Per-cell codebook based channel quantization to quantize local CSI for each BS separately is an effective method. In this paper, the theoretical upper bounds of system throughput are derived for two codeword selection schemes, independent codeword selection (ICS) and joint codeword selection (JCS), respectively. The feedback overhead and selection complexity of these two schemes are analyzed. In the simulation, the system throughput of ICS and JCS is compared. Both analysis and simulation results show that JCS has a better tradeoff between system throughput and feedback overhead. The ICS has obvious advantage in complexity, but it needs additional phase information (PI) feedback for obtaining the approximate system throughput with JCS. Under the same number of feedback bits constraint, allocating the number of bits for channel direction information (CDI) and PI quantization can increase the system throughput, but ICS is still inferior to JCS. Based on theoretical analysis and simulation results, some recommendations are given with regard to the application of each scheme respectively.