• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.235-246
• /
• 2014

This study aims to explore how in-service science teachers adopt newly developed 'Science' focusing on the fusion of science based on 'the diffusion of innovation' model. For this study, we have explored five variables (i.e., perception of need, perception of support, innovativeness, perceived usefulness, self-efficacy of teaching, and intention to adopt) based on literature review and developed survey items to measure the level of five variables that in-service science teachers perceive. In addition, the path model of six variables explaining how in-service science teachers adopt an innovation was hypothesized by the literature review. A total of 349 in-service science teachers have participated in this survey study. First of all, results have illustrated that the levels of six variables have not significantly associated with in-service science teachers' teaching experiences, participation in professional development programs on 'Science' curriculum, and majors. In addition, the statistically acceptable model fit indices have illustrated that path model has been statistically valid to explain how in-service science teachers adopt newly developed 'Science' focusing on the fusion of science. The results have also illustrated that 'perception of support', 'perceived usefulness', and 'self-efficacy of teaching' exhibited strong mediating effects between other variables. For the successful establishment of newly developed curricula, textbook, or policies in science education in school, the level of teachers' intention to adopt innovations should be enhanced. This study will be useful for the development of new science teacher professional development programs to promote the level of teachers' intention to adopt innovations.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.823-827
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to assess the propriety of models for soil water characteristics estimation in anthropogenic soil through the measurement of soil water content and soil water matric potential. Soil profile was characterized with four different soil layers. Soil texture was loamy sand for the first soil layer (from soil surface to 30 cm soil depth), sand for the second (30~70 cm soil depth) and the third soil layers (70~120 cm soil depth), and sandy loam for the fourth soil layer (120 cm < soil depth). Soil water retention curve (SWRC), the relation between soil water content and soil water matric potential, took a similar trend between different layers except the layer of below 120 cm soil depth. The estimation of SWRC and air entry value was better in van Genuchten model by analytical method than in Brooks-Corey model with power function. Therefore, it could be concluded that van Genuchten model is more desirable than Brook-Corey model for estimating soil water characteristics of anthropogenic soil accumulated with saprolite.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 2000

Changing patterns and the possibility of climate change in the area of Cheiudo island, the southernmost Island in Korea, were analyzed using daily temperature and Precipitation data observed at the Cheiu Regional Meteorological Office from May 1923 to December 1998. A hydrologic simulation model "BROOK" was used to simulate and analyze the dynamics of daily soil moisture content and soil moisture deficit by applying the daily weather data. During the period, significantly increasing pattern was observed in temperature data of both annual and monthly basis, while no significantly changing pattern was observed in precipitation data. During the last 76 years. mean annual temperature was observed to have risen about 1.4$^{\circ}C$, which may show the Possibility of the initiation of climate change on the island whose validity should be tested in future studies after long-term studies on temperature. Based on the simulation, due to increased temperature, significant increase was predicted in evapotranspiration. while no significant decrease was detected in simulated soil moisture content during the period. Changing pattern of annual soil moisture content was markedly different from those of precipitation. In some dominant trees, negative effects of the drought of the late season for the previous year were shown to be statistically significant to radial growth of the tree for the current year. As annual variation of radial growth of trees is mainly affected by the soil moisture content. the information on the dynamics of soil moisture deficit possibly provides us with useful information for the interpretation of tree growth decline on the mountain. mountain.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.130-134
• /
• 2013

Background: The aims of this study were to analyze the anatomic variations of supraorbital foramina/notches in Koreans and to compare the results with those of previous studies examining other races. We evaluated the three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) images of human faces using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Methods: A total of 395 adults (232 men and 163 women) were enrolled and the 3D-CT images of their faces were reviewed in this study. In this study, the data from the images included the presence, shape, width and distance from the nasion to the supraorbital foramina/notches. ANOVA was used to assess the main effects of gender and side (right or left foramen/notch), and comparisons of the means were done by paired t-test. Results: The most common shapes in Koreans were a single notch (39.5%) on the right hand side and a single foramen (42.3%) on the left hand side. The incidence of a single foramen in Koreans was high compared to other races. The mean foramen diameter was $2.34{\pm}0.78$ mm, and the mean distance from the nasion was $27.19{\pm}4.03$ mm. The mean notch diameter was $3.37{\pm}1.71$ mm, and the mean distance from the nasion was $23.42{\pm}2.45$ mm. Conclusions: This is the first study on the variations of supraorbital foramina/notches in Koreans using 3D-CT images of faces. The anatomic characteristics of the supraorbital foramina/notch will help in performing nerve blocks and maxillofacial surgery.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.123-134
• /
• 2014

This study aims to develop and validate an instrument to measure students' attitude toward convergence. To do so, we have defined five constructs (i.e. knowledge about convergence, personal relevance, social relevance, interest and self-efficacy) of 'attitude toward convergence' based on literature review, developed items, and collected data from 233 11th grade science track students. The validity of these items have been evaluated by Messick's framework (1995) (i.e. content, substantive, structural aspects of validity), experts' review, Rasch analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling. Our results have confirmed the five constructs and 23 selected items have met the benchmark of item validity. Moreover, the theoretical model illustrating that the high level of attitude toward convergence increases the level of science motivation has also been supported by the data. The items developed in this study will be used to measure students' attitude toward convergence and to estimate the effect of learning program for convergence science.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.56-65
• /
• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of laser acupuncture to the 830 nm on the five transport points with the spleen meridian for treatment to intestinal disease in rat with dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis. Methods : Colitis was induced by DSS for 20 days. The laser therapy on the five transport points of spleen meridian (Laser Well Point-SP1(L-WE), Laser Brook Point-SP2(L-BR), Laser Stream Point-SP3(L-ST), Laser River Point-SP5(L-RI) and Laser Sea Point-SP9(L-SE) was practiced twice a week for 5 times. Colon length was measured using a measuring point. Histological evaluation of colitis was conducted by hematoxylin and eosin(H&E) staining. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was determined using western blotting and quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results: Colon length increased significantly L-BR and L-ST points after 5 times of therapy. Damage to the colonic mucosa is an integral feature of the DSS model, so control colonic mucosa tissue was damaged in the areas of ulceration resulting in complete epithelial loss. However histological damage decreased on the epithelial lining at all points. Cyclooxygenase(COX)-2 concentrations decreased in all points groups and Interferon(IFN)-${\gamma}$ increased in L-WE, L-BR, L-RI and L-SE points but L-ST was decreased when compared with control. White blood cell(WBC) and neutrophils(NE) decreased after the fifth acupuncture on the all points. But hemoglobin(HGB) increased after the fifth acupuncture on the L-WE, L-BR, L-ST and L-RI points. Also Mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH) and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC) decreased after the fifth acupuncture on the all points. Conclusions: The present study indicated that five transport points of the spleen meridian can prevent the development of DSS-induced colitis in rat. Thereby suggesting that should be available for decreasing DSS-induced inflammation in a colonic mucosa of tissue.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.139-151
• /
• 2024

The Yeongdong region has suffered from severe snowstorms and the relevant damage such as traffic accidents on slippery roads, and the collapse of greenhouses and temporary buildings. While a lot of research on snowfall has been conducted, the detailed study of snow crystals' phase and habit through intensive observations and the relevant microphysical analysis is still lacking. Therefore, a snowflake camera, PARSIVEL, and intensive radiosonde soundings were utilized to investigate phase and habit changes in solid precipitation. Two remarkable episodes of phase and habit changes were selected such as 19 March 2022 and 15 February 2023. Both events occurred in the synoptic condition of the High in the north and the Low passing by the south, which was accompanied by rapid temperature cooling below 2.5 km. During the events of a short period between 3 to 6 hours, the temperature at 850 hPa decreased by about 4 to 6℃. This cooling led to a change in the main habit of snow particles from riming to aggregate, identified with both MASC and PARSIVEL. Meanwhile, the LDAPS model analyses do not successively represent the rapid cooling and short-term variations of solid precipitation, probably by virtue of overestimating low-level equivalent potential temperature during these periods. The underlying causes of these the low-level temperature variations within 6 hours, still remain unclear. It might be associated with mesoscale orographic phenomenon due to the mountains and East Sea effects, which certainly needs an intensive and comprehensive observation campaign.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.1055-1086
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify the formation and evolution patterns of a trading zone and to explore the difficulties teachers experience in the trading zone and their perceptions of the experience. Seven teachers involved in the 'STEAM Teacher Community' in a middle school located in the southern part of South Korea participated in this study. Participant observation and in-depth interviews were carried out, and reflective essays were collected for analysis. The results show that teachers successfully formed a trading zone to share their expertise when they developed teaching materials for the convergence of different subject matters. Moreover, such a trading zone evolved in the order of pre-trading zone, trading zone under elite control, trading zone with boundary object, and trading zone of shared mental model. The difficulties teachers experienced in the trading zone were categorized under the difference of culture and opinion across subject matters, the lack of motivation for convergence, the hegemony of convergence and far-fetched factors for convergence, and difficulty of communication due to jargons. Also teachers in this study experienced perceptual changes in the trading zone. The trading zone model drawn from the results of this study bring forth implications for voluntary teachers' learning community activity for the convergence of different subject matters.