• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.265-270
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• 2017

Objectives : The present study aimed to examine the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture(EA) applied to the brook point of the Liver meridian in the rat model of inflammatory pain and to investigate involvement of endogenouse opioid in the EA-induced analgesia. Methods : Knee arthritis was induced by injection of $125{\mu}l$ of complete Freund's adjuvant into the knee joint cavity unilaterally. To examine the level of pain, weight bearing forces(WBFs) of affected limb was measured. EA treatment was given at the LR2, LI4 or non-acupoint on the contralateral limb with frequency of 2 Hz and intensity of 2 mA under gaseous anesthesia. Results : After induction of arthritis, rats subsequently showed a reduced stepping force of the affected hindlimb due to a painful knee. EA applied to the LR2 point on the contralateral hind limb produced a significant improvement of stepping force of the hind limb lasting for at least 2 h, and this effect was equivalent to that obtained by 5 mg/kg of oral indomethacin. The effect of EA was specific to the acupoint since it could not be mimicked by EA applied to the LI4 point or the arbitrary non-acupoint. The analgesic effect was blocked by pretreatment with naltrexone(10 mg/kg, i.p.). Conclusions : These results suggest that acupuncture applied to LR2, brook point of Liver meridian suppresses inflammatory pain in a rat model of knee arthritis and this effect seems to be mediated by endogenous opioid systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.133-137
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• 1999

테스트의 종적 분할 모델은 적응성, 강건성, 속응성의 관점에서 장점을 갖는다. 그러나 종적 분할 모델을 실제로 구현하기 위해서는 환경에 대한 적자가 시스템 운영을 장악해야 한다는 전제 조건이 충족되어야 한다. Brooks의 Subsumption 모델은 이러한 조건을 충족시키기에 충분하지만 subsumption 제약 자체가 일반적인 도메인에 적용되기에는 지나치게 엄격한 점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이에 대한 한가지 대안으로 감성 계층을 이용한 방안을 제시한다. 감성 계층을 사용하는 경우 시스템을 구성하는 모듈 상호간에 있어서 보다 단순한 구조와 다양한 효과를 갖는 "관계 설정"이 가능해진다. 본 논문에서는 관계 설정에 대한 일한 유연성이 일반적인 도메인에 대한 종적 분할 모델의 적용 능력을 개선시킬 수 있음을 보인다.수 있음을 보인다.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 1991

A generalization of an earlier diffusion model for system subject to continuous wear is presented. It is assumed that the state of the system is modelled by Brownian motion with negative drift and an absorbing barrier at the origin. A repairman arrives according to a stationary renewal process and increases the state of the system by a random amount if the state does not exceed a threshold. Various properties of this model are investigated including the distribution of the state of the system at time t, the first passage time to state 0 and the probability that the state of the system exceeds a certain level throughout a specified interval.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.9
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• pp.1596-1612
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• 2011

Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission / reception is being studied in Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) for future evolution of the $3^{rd}$ Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) LTE. Support of soft handover is essential for improving the performance of cell edge users. CoMP provides a natural framework for enabling soft handover in the LTE system. This paper evaluates the soft handover gain in LTE-A downlink. Mathematical analysis of signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) gain and the handover margins for soft handover and hard handover are derived. CoMP system model is developed and an inter-cell and intra-cell interference model is derived, taking into account the pathloss, shadowing, cell loading, and traffic activity. Reference signal received power (RSRP) is used to define the triggers and the measurements for soft handover. Our results indicate that parameter choices such as handover margin and the CoMP set size impact CoMP performance gain.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2015

10 years ago, in Sijeon-ri, Dogo-myeon, Asan-si, the existing stream was repaired to develope Mt. Dogo trail and irrigation systems through road expansion pavement construction and small stream repair construction. The trees such as persimmon and willow are eliminated that rowed on both sides of the stream and dredging work to dig the rock and sand have been performed. As a result, wide asphalt road was built, also flood damage worries were reduced. 10 years passed and now, how did local residents think about the stream repaired before and after? Village residents, public officials, and the stream construction engineer were interviewed. Villagers indicated a problems that brook became a place where water peppers were taking over and water was stagnating due to the slow velocity so nothing could live and natural landscape like a wash place and the cascade disappeared, because rock and sand were taken out brought soil into the brook. Public officials and engineers were aware of the problems at the time of the stream. Now that construction is completed after 10 years, Both realistically and budgetary to restoration would be difficult. However, it is necessary to seek for waterfront space which can be restored or replaced by a part of the stream like similarly before. In addition, it is necessary to restore to the progression of a natural stream which connect with stairs(or slope) - small waterfalls - pools - wash place. In this paper, we hope to take a lesson from the Sijeon-ri model and make rural stream construction be prepared with consideration about not only distinct characteristics of specific area but also the opinion of local resident.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to present a graphical method in order to evaluate stages in shrinkage cracking. Firstly, the distribution of crack openings is established by sorting the openings of individual cracks in the soil cracking system. Secondly, it is normalized in a range of 0 to 1 to obtain the normalized crack opening distribution. Thirdly, three S-shape curve models introduced by Brooks and Corey(1964), Fredlund and Xing(1994) and van Genuchten(1980) are chosen to fit the normalized crack opening distribution using a curve fitting method. The accuracy of fitting which is described through fitting parameters by the van Genuchten equation is much higher than that by the Brooks and Corey equation and slightly higher than that by the Fredlund and Xing equation; thus the van Genuchten model is used. Finally, the stages of shrinkage cracking are graphically evaluated by drawing three separate straight lines corresponding to three linear parts of the fitted normalized crack opening distribution. The proposed method is tested with different sample thicknesses. The measured data are fitted by the selected model with the fairly high regression coefficient and small root mean square error. The results show graphically that shrinkage cracking comprises three stages; namely, primary, secondary and residual stages. Subsequently, the ranges of evaluated crack opening for each of these stages are presented.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.219-234
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• 2009

This paper presents a novel approach for extracting simultaneously human daily activity patterns and discovering the temporal relations of these activity patterns. It is necessary to resolve the services conflict and to satisfy a user who wants to use multiple services. To extract the simultaneous activity patterns, context has been collected from physical sensors and electronic devices. In addition, a context model is organized by the proposed incremental statistical method to determine conflicts and to infer user intentions through analyzing the daily human activity patterns. The context model is represented by the sets of the simultaneous activity patterns and the temporal relations between the sets. To evaluate the method, experiments are carried out on a test-bed called the Ubiquitous Smart Space. Furthermore, the user-intention simulator based on the simultaneous activity patterns and the temporal relations from the results of the inferred intention is demonstrated.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2015

In 2013, the epidemics of pine wilt disease caused by the pine wood nematodes (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) resulted in damages to the forests of black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) trees in Jeju Island, Korea. Among the affected trees, an old black pine tree at Cave Temple on Mt. Sanbangsan was included and died due to the prevalence of pine wilt disease. The tree was on Mt. Sanbangsan, which was designated as a National Scenic Place with the Number 77 and was believed to be more than 400 years old in age. By examining the disc of the tree stem obtained from the height of 2 m, we counted the tree rings from 4 different directions and cross-dated the readings by comparing the records of drought simulated from the BROOK Model. Our analysis indicates that the tree seems to have grown since late 1860s. Contrary to the belief of the general public, we can conclude that the age of the tree was estimated to be at maximum 150 years, which means that it was not the same old tree as was shown in the painting of the Tam-Ra-Sun-Ryeok-Do (an old painting book for the Inspection Tour of Jeju Island) published in 1702. Discussion was extended to the life history of the tree in growth and leaning and the measures to protect the tree species from the damages of the pine wilt disease caused by pine wood nematodes.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.11
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• pp.815-822
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• 2013

Nowadays, the various kind of software packages that support content creation consumed in touch-type terminals as an application have come into the market. These softwares have a different style of user task compare to existing user task. The reason why difference style has been appeared for now is because interaction timing has a important role of both content creation and consumption. For this reason, in this paper, we propose a software UI design framework for content creation using MB-UID and UCD model based on task modeling. The proposed framework is made up of five steps: business rule model, creation role model, creation flow model, creation action model, presentation model. Through this framework, we handle the interaction between a content creator and software user interface at the content creation phase. At the same time, we consider a possible interaction type which can occur by consumers at the consumption phase in advance.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.981-994
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• 2013

This study aims to examine two hypothetical models for the variables of students' environmental perspective. First hypothetical model is the mediating role of recognition and familiarity between aesthetic and negativistic perspectives. Second hypothetical model is the separate path from humanistic to dominionistic perspectives. One hundred four tenth grade students participated in this study. We used Pearson correlation, partial correlation, and path analysis to examine the fitness of hypothetical models. The findings showed that the mediating role of recognition and familiarity between aesthetic and negativistic perspectives were statistically accepted. To prevent students' bias for fancy or gross animals, the learning (for instance, recognition and familiarity) may play role in reducing the bias. Second, there were two differential paths from humanistic to dominionistic perspectives (ecologistic-naturalistic path and scientistic-utilitarian path). While ecologistic-naturalistic path does not reach dominionistic perspective, scientistic-utilitarian path does reach dominionistic perspective. To prevent students' dominionistic perspective for nature, they need to understand ecologistic-naturalistic minds for the nature.