• 제목/요약/키워드: BREEDING ECOLOGY

검색결과 267건 처리시간 0.029초

Tree Species Preference and Inter-specific Difference of Foraging Maneuver, Trees and Location among Four Canopy-dwelling Birds at High-elevation Temperate Deciduous Forest in Mt. Jumbongsan

  • Park, Chan-Ryul
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.41-46
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    • 2005
  • This study was conducted to reveal tree species preference and inter-specific difference of foraging behavior among four canopy-dwelling birds at forest dominated by Quercus mongolica, Acer pseudosieboldian and Carpinus cordata at 1,000 meters above sea level during breeding season of birds from 1995 to 1997 in Mt. Jumbongsan. Breeding birds were about 25 species and dominant birds were Erithacus cyane, Parus ater and Parus palustris. A relatively high number of bush-nesters can be a characteristic of breeding bird community at study area. Three gleaners (Tits, P. varius, P. palustris and P. ater) selectively preferred the trees irrespective of dominant tree species, whereas bark foragers (Nuthatch, Sitta europaea) utilized the dominant trees. The four birds showed significant inter-specific difference in use of foraging location, but the three tits did not show significant inter-specific difference in use of foraging maneuver and trees. Closely related tits may coexist with each other by inter-specific different use of foraging location determined by foliage structure and leaf arrangement.

한국에서 번식하는 노랑부리백로 Egretta europhotes의 둥지 특성 (Nest Characteristics of the Chinese Egret (Egretta europhotes) in South Korea)

  • 강정훈;김인규;이한수;김달호;임신재;이준우
    • 한국환경생태학회지
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    • 제29권6호
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    • pp.850-857
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구는 한국 서해안 무인도에서 번식하는 노랑부리백로의 주요 번식지에서 번식지 환경에 따른 둥지 특성의 차이점을 파악하고 비교 분석하여, 향후 이들의 자연번식지에 둥지 터 조성 및 관리방안을 마련하는 데 필요한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 수행되었다. 연구는 2013년 6월과 7월에 번식지환경이 서로 유사한 서만도(11개 둥지)와 황서도(14개 둥지), 목도(10개 둥지)와 납대기섬(15개 둥지)의 4개 섬에서, 산란된 알이 있는 총 50개의 둥지를 대상으로 하였다. 연구결과 4개 번식 집단의 둥지 특성은 황서도의 은폐도가 가장 높았고, 둥지 높이는 목도가 가장 높았으며, 재사용 기간은 납대기섬, 둥지 깊이는 목도가 가장 깊었다. 유사한 번식환경인 이대 군락에서 번식하는 목도와 납대기섬의 두 번식 집단 간의 둥지 특성은 높이와 재사용 기간의 2개 항목에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 또한 찔레꽃 군락에서 번식하는 서만도와 황서도의 두 번식 집단 간의 둥지 특성은 재사용 기간, 둥지 깊이의 2개 항목에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 이대 군락에서 번식하는 집단(목도, 납대기섬)과 찔레꽃 군락에서 번식하는 집단(서만도, 황서도) 간의 둥지 특성을 분석한 결과 은폐도, 둥지 단경, 둥지 깊이의 3개 항목에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 결과적으로 한국에서 번식하는 노랑부리백로의 경우 유사한 번식지 환경에서도 일부 둥지 특성에서 차이가 나타났으며, 이대 군락과 찔레꽃 군락의 서로 다른 번식지 환경에서는 은폐도, 둥지 단경, 둥지 깊이의 3개 항목에서 차이가 나타났다. 따라서 향후 노랑부리백로의 자연번식지에 둥지 터를 조성하거나 번식지 관리방안 수립 시 은폐도, 둥지 터 식물의 수종 등을 고려하여 조성하는 방안이 필요하였다.

칠산도의 저어새 번식 현황과 둥지장소 특성 (Breeding status and nest site characteristics of Black-faced Spoonbills Platalea minor on Chilsando Islands, Korea)

  • 권인기;강정훈;이기섭;이지연;김인규;유정칠
    • 한국환경생태학회지
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    • 제29권5호
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    • pp.703-709
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    • 2015
  • 전라남도 영광군에 위치한 칠산도는 1991년 국내에서 최초로 저어새 번식이 확인된 이래로 전 세계 개체군의 증가와 더불어 2000년대 중반부터 번식개체군이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 칠산도의 저어새 번식 현황 및 둥지장소의 특성에 대해 파악하고자 2013년 5월에서 8월까지 번식기 동안 번식쌍 수, 둥지터 크기, 경사도, 둥지기반 재료, 둥지간 거리, 둥지주변 엄폐물의 유무, 섬 내 번식 면적 등에 대한 조사를 실시하였다. 칠산도에서 2013년에 번식을 시도한 49개의 둥지 중 25개 둥지에서 최소 1개체 이상의 유조가 이소에 성공하였다. 25개 둥지에서 이소한 유조는 총 55개체였으며, 둥지 당 평균 이소성공 유조는 2.2개체였다. 사산도와 육산도를 대상으로 저어새 둥지장소의 특성에 대한 조사 결과 섬 내에서 저어새가 실제 번식한 면적은 사산도의 경우 $77.8m^2$(섬 전체 면적의 0.10%), 육산도의 경우 $93.4m^2$(섬 전체 면적의 0.09%)로 섬 내 좁은 지역에 밀집하여 번식하였다. 둥지장소는 돌 위보다 주로 흙 위나 흙과 나무가 복합된 형태의 지면에 유채(Brassica napus)가 있는 장소가 선택되었다. 저어새의 둥지터 크기는 평균 장경 $49.59{\pm}6.53cm$, 평균 단경 $41.00{\pm}5.82cm$, 둥지의 위쪽 평균 경사도는 $20.85{\pm}9.96^{\circ}$, 아래쪽 평균 경사도는 $34.09{\pm}17.75^{\circ}$였으며, 가장 가까운 둥지간의 평균 거리는 $130.82{\pm}84.17cm$였다(n=22). 22개의 번식 둥지 중 15개 둥지(68.2%)가 엄폐물이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 이 중 둥지 앞쪽으로 엄폐물이 있는 경우가 5개(33.3%), 둥지 뒤쪽으로 엄폐물이 있는 경우가 9개(60.0%), 앞뒤 모두 엄폐물이 있는 경우가 1개(6.7%)로 둥지 후방부에 엄폐물이 있는 경우가 많았다.

구지도, 칠산도 저어새 유조의 행동권 비교 연구 (A Comparative Study of Juvenile Black-faced Spoonbills Platalea Minor Home Range in Gujido and Chilsando Islets, South Korea)

  • 손석준;강정훈;권인기;김달호;이기섭;유정칠
    • 한국환경생태학회지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.99-105
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    • 2020
  • 철새는 다양한 번식지와 월동지를 이용하며, 특히 멸종위기 종의 번식지와 취식지의 정보를 파악하는 것은 종의 보전과 관리를 위해 매우 중요하다. 저어새는 동아시아 지역에 분포하는 국제적인 멸종위기 종으로 전 세계 번식 개체군의 대부분이 한반도 서해 무인도서에서 번식하며, 대만과 홍콩, 중국 남부 지역, 일본, 제주도 등에서 월동한다. 본 연구에서는 2015년도 인천 구지도에서 번식한 저어새 유조 3개체와 영광 칠산도에서 번식한 저어새 유조 3개체를 대상으로 야생동물위치추적장치를 이용하여 저어새 유조의 행동권을 분석, 비교하였다. 구지도 저어새 유조 3개체의 경우 북한 황해남도와 강령군 등의 해안지역에서 행동권을 보였으며, 행동권 크기는(Mean±SD) MCP 425.49±116.95 ㎢, KDE 95% 43.61±18.51 ㎢, KDE 50% 7.46±3.68 ㎢이었으며, 칠산도 저어새 유조 3개체의 경우 영광 백수 갯벌 및 부안 새만금 간척 지역에서 MCP 99.38±55.29 ㎢, KDE 95% 19.87±6.05 ㎢, KDE 50% 1.16±0.53 ㎢의 행동권을 보여 구지도 번식 개체가 칠산도 번식 개체에 비해 더 넓은 행동권을 보였다. 본 연구에서 번식지인 구지도, 칠산도에서 이소한 저어새의 행동권은 주로 갯벌 지역이었으며, 이 인근 일대를 보호하기 위해서는 도로, 건설, 인간의 출입 등 인간의 방해를 최소화하는 서식지 보호 노력이 필요하다.

Breeding Site Preferences and the Effects of Breeding Black-crowned Night Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) on Soil Characteristics at Bamsum Island in Seoul

  • Nam, Jong-Min;Jeon, Sung-Je;Kim, Jae-Geun
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.341-346
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    • 2007
  • Nest density was determined and tree and soil characteristics around Nycticorax nycticorax breeding sites and non-breeding sites on Bamsum Island in Seoul were analyzed from May 2005 to October 2006 to identify breeding site preferences of N. nycticorax and the effects of N. nycticorax nesting density on nesting tree structure and soil characteristics. N. nycticorax preferred trees of low height ($3.5{\sim}6$ m) and small diameter at breast height in high density Salix communities. Excrement of heron juveniles was dropped on the soil under the nests. The soil nutrient content under nests (P: 126.0 mg/kg, N: 202.8 mg/kg, EC: 549 ${\mu}S/cm$, pH 4.7) was much higher than that of control soils from Bamsum Island not enriched by heron excrement (P: 41.5 mg/kg, N: 42.0 mg/kg, EC: 342 ${\mu}S/cm$, pH 5.1). Formation of Salix communities on the shores of Bamsum Island is ongoing, and their structure has been directly influenced by annual flooding. After flooding, the nutrient content differences between heron-affected soils and control soils were not significant. This might be the reason that Salix communities on Bamsum were not affected by nesting herons as in other terrestrial communities where herons nest. This result indicates that flooding plays an important role in sustaining Salix communities on Bamsum Island where herons nest. The results of this study may increase understanding of N. nycticorax breeding behavior which may be useful for conservation planning.

Effects of Physical Parameters and Age on the Order of Entrance of Hynobius leechii to a Breeding Pond

  • Lee, Jung-Hyun;Park, Dae-Sik
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.183-191
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    • 2008
  • To determine the age structure of a Hynobius leechii breeding population and analyze relationships between the order of entrance to breeding ponds and physical parameters and age, we studied a wild population of the species in the Research Forests of Kangwon National University in Chuncheon, Kangwon, South Korea from March 16 to April 13, 2005. The age of breeding males ranged one to nine years old and that of females ranged from three to nine years old. The asymptotic sizes of males and females were 6.36 and 6.51 cm, respectively, and the growth coefficients of males and females were 0.71 and 0.81, respectively. The snout-vent length (SVL), head length, and body mass of males were all positively correlated with their age, but female age did not show a significant relationship with any physical parameter. The tail depth, body mass, and condition factors (SVL/body mass $\times$ 100) of both males and females were negatively related with the order of entrance to the breeding pond. The head width and SVL of males were also negatively correlated with the order of entrance, but the SVL of females was positively related with the order of entrance. These results suggest that physical parameters are more important determinants of breeding migration patterns than age. We discuss which of two hypotheses, the mate opportunity hypothesis and the susceptibility hypothesis, is better able to explain the order of entrance to breeding ponds for male and female H. leechii.

Factors affecting feeding activity of grey herons in a reservoir during the breeding season

  • Choi, Yu-Seong;Yoo, Jeong-Chil
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.357-363
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    • 2011
  • To examine factors affecting feeding efficiency of grey herons (Ardea cinerea), the foraging behavior was studied at a reservoir in Asan city, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea during the breeding seasons (from April to July) of 2006 and 2007. Four factors (age of foraging birds, time of day, breeding stage, and microhabitat type) were analyzed. Adults were more efficient foragers than recently fledged juveniles, and they had a higher success rate than juveniles. About half of the adults caught large prey, whereas most juveniles caught only small prey. Adult grey herons had different feeding efficiency according to the breeding stage. Pecking and capture rates were high during the late period (fledging stage), and biomass intake rates were high during the early (incubating stage) and late periods. However, time of day had no significant effect on foraging activity of adult grey herons. Feeding activities of adult grey herons also showed significant variation among microhabitat types. Pecking and capture rates were higher in the submerged plants area, but capture success rate and biomass intake rate were not different according to microhabitat type.

Prediction of Species Richness of Breeding Birds by Analysis of Land Cover at Seongnam City, Korea

  • Park, Chan-Ryul;Lee, Jang-Ho;Lee, Do-Won;Lee, Woo-Shin
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2005
  • This study was conducted to develop the predictive model for species richness of breeding birds by multivariate analysis of land covers (percentage value of each cover in 300 $\times$ 300m grid) including water area (WA), urbanized area (UA), green area (GA), forest area (FA) and agricultural area (AA) at Seongnam City in Korea. Fifty-nine species of birds were mapped on 155 grids in size of 300 $\times$ 300 m from 2000 to 2001. Species richness of breeding birds was significantly regressed ($R^2=0.85$, n=155) by estimates of WA ($4.59{\pm}1.13$, P<0.0001), UA ($6.50{\pm}0.86$, P<0.0001), GA ($7.11{\pm}1.25$, P<0.0001), FA ($8.51{\pm}0.62$, P<0.0001), and AA ($4.59{\pm}1.13$, P<0.0001). In validation of model, the results show no significant difference between predicted value of species richness and observed one. Developed model can be used as a predictive model of species richness of birds for selecting the proper location of corridors and parks in urban area.

The Relationship between Vegetation Cover and Hatching Success, and Chicks' Survival in Black-Tailed Gulls on Hongdo Island

  • Lee, Who-Seung;Kwon, Young-Soo;Yoo, Jeong-Chil
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.35-39
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    • 2006
  • During the breeding seasons in 2002 and 2003, the influences of vegetation cover on breeding processes of Black-tailed Gulls (Laurs crassirostris) were studied on Hongdo Island. We checked dutch sizes, calculated hatching success and survival rates on day 15 and a vegetation cover, There was significant positive relationship between vegetation cover and hatching success, and survival on day 15. In order to analyze the relationship, sample nests were categorized as 'exposed' and 'covered' nests, and the breeding processes at each nest were compared. Hatching success and survival on day 15 in covered nests were significantly higher than ones in exposed nests. However, in clutch size, there was no significant difference. The rate of the hatching and survival failure was different amongst the categorized nests. The primary cause of hatching failure in covered and exposed nests was 'disappeared', and the primary causes of survival failure on day 15 were 'disappeared' and 'killed by adults'. The failure in exposed nests was significantly larger than that of covered nests. In the breeding of Black-tailed Gulls on Hongdo Island, vegetation cover influenced the survival of eggs and chicks as the cover provided shelter against predators and extreme weather.