• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.273-290
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• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the buyer's right to avoid the contract under SGA and CISG. Design/methodology/approach - This paper has conducted literature reviews to analyze the right to avoid the contract of the buyer based on the comparative study. Findings - Under s. 11(3) of SGA, the breach of a condition and an intermediate which deprives the buyer substantially of the whole benefit of the contract may give rise to a right to treat the contract as repudiated. But under Art. 49 of CISG, the buyer has the right to terminate the contract where the seller's failure to performance amounts to a fundamental breach of contract. Regarding the breach of an intermediate and the breach under CISG, the buyer should take into account where the seller's breach is fundamental or not. Moreover, an anticipatory breach can give rise to a right to avoid the contract. The anticipatory breach of a condition justifies termination. The breach of an intermediate and the breach under CISG require an anticipatory fundamental breach of the contract. Under SGA, the buyer has to prove an anticipatory breach in fact but CISG does not require virtual certainty, which SGA has stricter criteria to assess an anticipatory breach. Research implications or Originality - Comparative study helps to understand the nature of provisions under SGA and CISG and suggests practical advice to choose applicable laws. SGA gives more certainty to classify a contractual term. In case of the breach of a condition including the anticipatory breach under SGA, the buyer does not have to ask how much serious the breach is. But CISG requires the fundamental breach of the contract, which means that the buyer has the more burden of proof compared with SGA.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.149-165
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• 2020

Purpose - This study investigates how employee personality traits affect psychological contract breach. Also, our study examines how Guanxi, a unique socio-cultural characteristic of China, moderates the relationship between personality traits and psychological contract breach. Design/methodology/approach - To test our ideas, we constructed a survey questionnaire based on the literatures on personality traits, Guanxi, and psychological breach. The questionnaires were distributed to Chinese employees, and then we conducted a regression analysis using 378 questionnaires. Findings - We found that neuroticism is positively related to perceived psychological contract breach. We also identified support for the prediction that the positive link between neuroticism and psychological contract breach becomes weaker when employees' awareness of Guanxi is high. Research implications or Originality - This study provides several theoretical and practical implications. First, this study elaborates the personality traits-psychological contract breach relationship by incorporating Guanxi, a critical contingency factor of China. Second, given that the relationship between neuroticism and psychological contract breach can be affected by employees' perceptions of Guanxi, managers should administer Guanxi to function as a lubricant within the organization.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.557-565
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• 2016

지구온난화 및 이상기후의 영향으로 극한홍수의 발생확률 및 규모가 증가함에 따라 수공구조물의 붕괴위험도 함께 증가하고 있다. 대표적인 수공구조물인 제방의 붕괴 시 막대한 붕괴유량이 제내지로 유입되어 많은 침수피해를 발생시킨다. 이러한 피해를 예측하기 위해 붕괴유량을 정확히 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 제방붕괴단면의 비대칭성에 따른 붕괴유량의 변화를 분석하였다. 수리실험결과를 통해 제방의 붕괴가 진행됨에 따라 붕괴단면의 비대칭성이 어떻게 변화하는지 BASD를 계산하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 붕괴유량과 BASD의 관계를 도출할 수 있었다. 또한, 3차원 수치모의를 통해 동일한 조건하에서 붕괴단면의 비대칭성에 따른 붕괴유량의 차이를 비교하였다. 이는 기존에 침수면적을 예측하기 위해 사용한 붕괴단면의 직사각형 가정은 붕괴유량이 과다하게 산정됨을 알 수 있었고 붕괴단면의 BASD에 따라 붕괴부에서 간섭현상이 발생하여 붕괴유량이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 범람 수치모의 시 제방붕괴 단면의 BASD를 고려하여 보다 정확한 붕괴유량을 산정한다면 정확한 예상침수면적을 도출할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제66권
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• pp.47-73
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• 2015

This study primarily concerns the fundamental breach of contract by a seller and a buyer's two remedies that are entitled to under the CISG. Regarding the breach of contract, the CISG simply provides a list of each party's obligations and regulates that both parties should fulfill the obligations under the contract as well as the Convention. When the CISG specifies the remedies for both parties, it requires to divide the fundamental breach of contract from breach of contract. By doing so, it provides different remedies to both parties depending on whether it is the fundamental breach of contract or not. From the point of buyer's view, the buyer has two remedies when there is the fundamental breach of contract by the seller; they are the right to declare the avoidance of contract and to require the delivery of substitute goods. The fundamental breach of contract is a pre-requisite condition to be fulfilled in order to exercise these two remedies. Although the CISG provides the definition of fundamental breach of contract, its meaning is not clear enough, so it is interpreted and applied case by case. Therefore, this paper will analyze recent cases focusing on the most debated issues regarding the interpretation of fundamental breach of contract; first, who determines the substantial deprivation and when is the time for determination, second, when is the time for unpredictability of substantial deprivation, and last, who has a burden of proof.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.81-96
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• 2016

This study analyzes how breach fee under long-term contract and/or cap regulation on the breach fee can affect the impacts of "Mobile Device Distribution Improvement Act" on handset bundle price, average revenue per unit (ARPU), and social welfare. We conduct comparative analysis with an economic model of duopoly competition in price when users are under long-term contract and the breach fee can be regulated. The results show that the Act lowers the equilibrium prices, lower than incumbent price without the Act. Price of non-dominant Mobile Network Operator (MNO) can be lower than poaching price without the Act if significant portion of switching cost is breach fee or the market is significantly asymmetric. Under the significant circumstances, the Act can raise ARPU even though it improves social welfare. By contrast, the Act increases consumer surplus without affecting social welfare if breach fee is the only source of user's switching cost and is capped by the regulation, and more symmetric market and the stronger cap leads to higher consumer surplus.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2015

This study examined the effects of employers' breach of safety obligation and violation of psychological contract on the workers' safety behaviors and turnover intention. Especially, this study examined a mediating effect of violation of psychological contract on the relationship between employer's breach of safety obligation and workers' safety behavior and turnover. 198 workers were asked to respond to the questionnaires that measured various demographic variables, employers' breach of safety obligation, violation of psychological contract, safety behavior, turnover intention. A hierarchical regression was conducted to identify variables that had significant relationships between employers' breach of safety obligation and employees' safety behavior and turnover intention, and to examine the mediating effect of violation of psychological contract. Results indicated that the employers' breach of safety obligation significantly predicted both workers' safety behaviors and turnover intention. It was also found that the violation of psychological contract was a significant predictor for both workers' safety behavior and turnover intention. In addition, violation of psychological contract was found as mediating effect on the relationship between employers' breach of safety obligation and workers' safety behavior and turnover intention. Based on these results, the implications of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2010년도 학술발표회
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• pp.669-673
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• 2010

현재 EAP(Emergency Action Plan) 수립 시 가장 많이 사용되는 DAMBRK 모형은 붕괴유출수문곡선 유도 시 댐 재료 특성을 고려하지 않지만, BREACH 모형은 댐 축조재료 특성과 유사이송능력을 고려하여 붕괴유출수문곡선을 산정하기 때문에 물리적으로 BREACH 모형이 흙댐의 붕괴특성을 실제와 더욱 유사하게 추적할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 두 모형을 안동댐(흙댐)에 적용하여 첨두유출량, 첨두유출 발생시간, 붕괴 시작, 붕괴 완료 시간 등의 댐 붕괴시 유출특성을 비교하였다. 적용 결과 BREACH 모형은 붕괴가 매우 서서히 진행되다가 일정수위에 도달하게 되면 급격하게 붕괴유출량의 증가폭이 커지는 데 비하여 DAMBRK 모형은 붕괴 시작과 동시에 붕괴유출량이 급격하게 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 최대총유출량은 BREACH 모형이 DAMBRK 모형에 비해 약 5% 작게 산정되었지만, 34시간까지의 유출 총량은 DAMBRK 모형에 비하여 BREACH 모형이 약 16% 크게 나타났다. 두 모형의 붕괴유출수문곡선 비교를 통하여 댐 제체의 재료특성이 유출특성에 미치는 영향을 파악할 수 있었지만, 더 정확한 영향성을 파악하기 위하여 지속적인 비교연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.81-96
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• 2016

본 연구는 정보유출에 따른 주가반응을 측정함으로 정보유출이 기업가치에 주는 효과를 분석한다. 정보유출기업은 사건발생 2일 이내에 평균 1.3%의 시장가치를 상실하여 98.9백만원의 손실액이 추산된다. 우리는 원천, 유형, 크기 등 다양한 정보유출 유형에 대한 비정상수익율을 분석하였다. 시장은 외부원천의 정보유출에 유의미한 반응을 하지 않지만, 내부원천의 정보유출에는 통계적으로 유의미한 반응을 보였다. 우리는 60일간의 장기 비정상수익율을 추정하였다. 60일 평균 누적비정상수익율과 매입보유 비정상수익율 모두 유의미한 시장반응을 보인다. 이로써 우리는 정보유출사건 이후 일관된 시장반응이 있다고 결말지을 수 있다. IT기업과 비IT기업의 시장반응 차이는 통계적으로 유의미하다. 그러나 유출규모, 기업크기, 발생시점 등은 유의미한 시장반응을 보이지 않는다.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.215-234
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• 2002

Uncertainty in dam breach flood routing results was analyzed in order to provide the basis fer the investigation of their effects on the flood damage assessments and dam safety risk assessments. The Monte Carlo simulation based on Latin Hypercube Sampling technique was used to generate random values for two uncertain input parameters (i.e., dam breach parameters and Manning's n roughness coefficients) of a dam breach flood routing analysis model. The flood routing results without considering the uncertainty in two input parameters were compared with those with considering the uncertainty. This paper showed that dam breach flood routing results heavily depend on the two uncertain input parameters. This study indicated that the flood damage assessments in the downstream areas can be critical if uncertainty in dam breach flood routing results are considered in a reasonable manner.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.487-493
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• 2007

In this study is analysis which dams breach shapes are effect on peak discharge of dam-failure. The dam breach shapes and failure time are important peak discharge when dam failure. When dam failure times are 1hr, 2hr and 3hr condition for the ECRD and 0.1hr and 0.2hr for the CG and CFRD that breach shapes changed base length $B_b=1Hd,\;B_b=2Hd\;and\;B_b=3Hd$. As the results from DAMBRK(Dam Break model) peak discharge are increase base widths lengthen. As failure time is longer then peak discharge is decrease. So peak discharge is increase more short of dam failure time. Also peak discharge is increase become larger dam breach shapes.