• Korean Journal of Communication Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.165-193
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• 2010

The current study has significance in that it increases our understanding of BPL effectiveness by adding long-term memory dependent variables to widely used short-term memory variables. Furthermore, two unit of analysis of the current study, subject and BPL, made richer analysis possible as compared to previous studies. The result showed that BPL was effective in short-term recognition(52.8% of BPLs), long-term recognition(44.4% of BPLs), and long-term recall(30.6% of BPLs). The further result showed that audiovisual BPL, closeup BPL, long-exposed brand, leading actor using brand were more effective than other kinds of BPL. On the other hand, preference for the movie and preference for the actor were not significant factors in increasing people's memory of the brand name. Future researchers should settle the confusion existed in this field by inventing a more elaborate research design and exploring mediating and moderating variables in the subject of BPL effectiveness.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.661-667
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• 2013

Lipase-producing bacterial strains were isolated from Antarctic soil samples using the tricaprylin agar plate method. Seven strains with relatively strong lipase activities were selected. All of them turned out to be Bacillus pumilus strains by the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Their corresponding lipase genes were cloned, sequenced, and compared. Finally, three different Bacillus pumilus lipases (BPL1, BPL2, and BPL3) were chosen. Their amino acid sequence identities were in the range of 92-98% with the previous Bacillus pumilus lipases. Their optimum temperatures and pHs were measured to be $40^{\circ}C$ and pH 9. Lipase BPL1 and lipase BPL2 were stable up to $30^{\circ}C$, whereas lipase BPL3 was stable up to $20^{\circ}C$. Lipase BPL2 was stable within a pH range of 6-10, whereas lipase BPL1 and lipase BPL3 were stable within a pH range of 5-11, showing strong alkaline tolerance. All these lipases exhibited high hydrolytic activity toward p-nitrophenyl caprylate ($C_8$). In addition, lipase BPL1 showed high hydrolytic activity toward tributyrin, whereas lipase BPL2 and lipase BPL3 hydrolyzed tricaprylin and castor oil preferentially. These results demonstrated that the three Antarctic Bacillus lipases were alkaliphilic and had a substrate preference toward short- and medium-chain triglycerides. These Antarctic Bacillus lipases might be used in detergent and food industries.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1221-1228
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• 2013

Two lipase genes (bpl1 and bpl3) from Antarctic Bacillus pumilus strains were expressed in Bacillus subtilis. Both recombinant lipases BPL1 and BPL2 were secreted to the culture medium and their activities reached 3.5 U/ml and 5.0 U/ml, respectively. Their molecular masses apparent using SDS-PAGE were 23 kDa for BPL1 and 19 kDa for BPL3. Both lipases were purified to homogeneity using ammonium sulfate precipitation and HiTrap SP FF column and Superose 12 column chromatographies. The final specific activities were estimated to be 328 U/mg for BPL1 and 310 U/mg for BPL3. Both lipases displayed an optimum temperature of $35^{\circ}C$, similar to other mesophilic enzymes. However, they maintained as much as 70% and 80% of the maximum activities at $10^{\circ}C$. Accordingly, their calculated activation energy at a temperature range of $10-35^{\circ}C$ was 5.32 kcal/mol for BPL1 and 4.26 kcal/mol for BPL3, typical of cold-adapted enzymes. The optimum pH of BPL1 and BPL3 was 8.5 and 8.0, respectively, and they were quite stable at pH 7.0-11.0, showing their strong alkaline tolerance. Both lipases had a preference toward medium chain length ($C_6-C_{10}$) fatty acid substrates. These results indicate the potential for the two Antarctic B. pumilus lipases as catalysts in bioorganic synthesis, food, and detergent industries.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.374-380
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• 2017

The quality characteristics of 'Xiangshui' pears (Pyrus ussuriensis) treated with different concentrations of biomass pyrolysis liquid (BPL) during storage at $25^{\circ}C$ were investigated. The weight of 'Xiangshui' pears treated with BPL declined at a slower rate than that of the control. The rot index of BPL-treated 'Xiangshui' pears decreased with increasing storage times, and treatment with 20-fold-diluted BPL resulted in the lowest rot index after storage for 12 days. The total acid content of 'Xiangshui' pears treated with 20-fold-diluted BPL was 0.19%, and was the highest after storage for 12 days. After storage for 12 days, the total sugar content of 'Xiangshui' pears treated with 20-fold-diluted BPL was 7.19%; this was significantly higher than that of the control, but not significantly different from that of pears treated with other BPL dilutions. The vitamin C content of 'Xiangshui' pears showed a decreased trend, and pears treated with 20-fold-diluted BPL had a vitamin C content of 2.21 mg/100 g after storage for 12 days and showed the least decline compared to other treatments. In addition, respiration in 'Xiangshui' pears was effectively inhibited by treatment with BPL. In conclusion, BPL treatment exerts a protective effect on the quality of 'Xiangshui' pears during storage, with 20-fold-diluted BPL being the most effective.

• ALGAE
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2012

A novel lectin specific to N-acetyl-D-galactosamine as well as N-acetyl-D-glucosamine was isolated from Bryopsis plumosa and named as BPL-4. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophorese (SDS-PAGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry data showed that this lectin was a monomeric protein with molecular weight 12.9 kDa. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the lectin were determined by Edman degradation and the full cDNA sequence encoding this lectin was obtained using the degenerate primers designed from the amino acid sequence. The size of the cDNA was 414 bp containing single open reading frame (ORF) encoding the lectin precursor. The homology analysis showed that this lectin might belong to H lectin group. BPL-4 showed high sequence similarity (60.6%) to BPL-3, which is a previously reported lectin from the same species. The comparative analysis on the lectin's primary structure showed two conserved domains including one possible active domain of H lectin group.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.33
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• pp.35-46
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• 2021

Purpose : By comparing and analyzing treatment plans using abdominal compression and The Continuous Positive Air Pressure(CPAP) during SABR of lung cancer, we try to contribute to the improvement of radiotherapy effect. Materials & Methods : In two of the lung SABR patients(A, B patient), we developed a SABR plan using abdominal compression device(the Body Pro-Lok, BPL) and CPAP and analyze the treatment plan through homogeneity, conformity and the parameters proposed in RTOG 0813. Furthermore, for each phase, the X, Y, and Z axis movements centered on PTV are analyzed in all 4D CTs and compared by obtaining the volume and average dose of PTV and OAR. Four cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) were used to measure the directions from the center of the PTV to the intrathoracic contacts in three directions out of 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°, and compare the differences from the average distance values in each direction. Result : Both treatment plans obtained using BPL and CPAP followed recommendations from RTOG, and there was no significant difference in homogeneity and conformity. The X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis movements centered on PTV in patient A were 0.49 cm, 0.37 cm, 1.66 cm with BPL and 0.16 cm, 0.12 cm, and 0.19 cm with CPAP, in patient B were 0.22 cm, 0.18 cm, 1.03 cm with BPL and 0.14 cm, 0.11 cm, and 0.4 cm with CPAP. In A patient, when using CPAP compared to BPL, ITV decreased by 46.27% and left lung volume increased by 41.94%, and average dose decreased by 52.81% in the heart. In B patient, volume increased by 106.89% in the left lung and 87.32% in the right lung, with an average dose decreased by 44.30% in the stomach. The maximum difference of A patient between the straight distance value and the mean distance value in each direction was 0.05 cm in the a-direction, 0.05 cm in the b-direction, and 0.41 cm in the c-direction. In B patient, there was a difference of 0.19 cm in the d-direction, 0.49 cm in the e-direction, and 0.06 cm in the f-direction. Conclusion : We confirm that increased lung volume with CPAP can reduce doses of OAR near the target more effectively than with BPL, and also contribute more effectively to restriction of tumor movement with respiration. It is considered that radiation therapy effects can be improved through the application of various sites of CPAP and the combination with CPAP and other treatment machines.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2010.07a
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• pp.591-592
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• 2010

전력사를 중심으로 BPL기반의 통신기술 개발을 통해 제공되는 대표적인 서비스는 현재 전기데이터 원격검침서비스, 변압기 부하관리등이 있으며 이 인프라를 이용하여 댁내 방범/방재서비스, 인터넷 같은 서비스의 제공에 대해 연구되어 왔으며 제한된 시범서비스 수준에서 실시간 영상감시서비스도 시도되었다. 향후 BPL기술의 신뢰성 및 안정성이 높아지고 인프라 확대구축 및 운영과 더불어 얻게 되는 기술과 노하우는 향후에 전력선 통신기술이 상용 통신망의 틈새시장으로서 다양한 산업분야에 적용 시킬 수 있는 핵심 기술로 자리매김 할 것 으로 전망 된다. 본 과제에서는 원격검침서비스의 통신매체로 활용되고있는 광대역 전력선통신 BPL 인프라에 독거노인 관리시스템 개발 및 시범적용을 통해 새로운 부가서비스를 수용할 수 있는 핵심통신망으로서의 역할 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2023.07a
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• pp.719-720
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 온라인 저지 문항을 블록 프로그래밍 언어로 학습하기 위한 방안에 대해서 탐구하였다. 온라인 저지를 활용한 프로그래밍 교육은 알고리즘을 설계하는 추상화 과정과 이를 프로그래밍 언어로 작성하는 자동화 과정이 포함되며 이는 컴퓨팅 사고력 발달에 영향을 준다. 온라인 저지는 대부분 텍스트 프로그래밍 언어(이하, TPL)에서 지원되어 초보 학습자가 사용하기에 어려움이 있다. 블록 프로그래밍 언어(이하, BPL)를 기반으로 한 온라인 저지는 BPL로 작성한 것을 TPL로 변환하는 방법과 그래픽 기반 문제상황을 해결하는 방법이 있으며 TPL로 변환하는 것은 텍스트 기반 온라인 저지 문항을 사용할 수 있으나 사용하는 방법이 어렵다. 반면 그래픽 기반 문제 상황은 사용하는 방법이 쉽지만 문항이 제한적이고 순차적 사고가 강조된다. 이에 엔트리 '스터디'와 '나의 학급-과제'를 이용하면 자동 평가 기능은 없지만 학습자가 익숙한 환경에서 학습할 수 있고 교사는 문항을 직접 개발할 수 있으며 문제 제시, 예시 작품 제시, 블록 제한, 과제제출 등을 사용하여 BPL에서 온라인 저지 문항을 학습할 수 있다.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.202-214
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• 2007

The concept of HSA (Home Service Aggregator) is derived from performing the energy IT business efficiently as well as successfully launcing a new service based on BPL (Broadband over Power Line). The HSA business using a BPL can extend the field of energy industry and an give a chance to create a new demand by consumer-oriented services. This study focuses on the exact evaluation of HSA business using BPL, and reasonable trusty evaluation should be the first step to launch the HSA business. In this study, the categories of cost are comprised of equipment (mainly RSM and MGW) cost, instalation cost, and maintenance cost. AMR (Automatic Meter Reading), internet integration billing service, integration charging service, internet service, sorority service, and electricity safety are listed for benefit. In this study, the ROI of HSA business is 0.9594, which is less than 1. However, that value does not consider the electricity safety benefit which is classified as a social benefit. Therefore, the value can be above 1 if it includes social and private benefits.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.3
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• pp.363-373
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• 2023

Forest biomass surveys are regularly conducted to assess and manage forests as carbon sinks. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), a remote sensing technology, has attracted considerable attention, as it allows for objective acquisition of forest structure information with minimal labor. In this study, we propose a method for estimating overstory and understory biomass in forest stands using backpack laser scanning (BPLS) and unmanned aerial vehicle laser scanning (UAV-LS), and assessed its accuracy. For overstory biomass, we analyzed the accuracy of BPLS and UAV-LS in estimating diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height. For understory biomass, we developed a multiple regression model for estimating understory biomass using the best combination of vertical structure metrics extracted from the BPLS data. The results indicated that BPLS provided accurate estimations of DBH (R² =0.92), but underestimated tree height (R² =0.63, bias=-5.56 m), whereas UAV-LS showed strong performance in estimating tree height (R² =0.91). For understory biomass, metrics representing the mean height of the points and the point density of the fourth layer were selected to develop the model. The cross-validation result of the understory biomass estimation model showed a coefficient of determination of 0.68. The study findings suggest that the proposed overstory and understory biomass survey methods using BPLS and UAV-LS can effectively replace traditional biomass survey methods.