• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.26
• /
• pp.5.1-5.11
• /
• 2011

Objectives: In order to identify the possibility of slender bitterling (SB) (Acheilognathus yamatsutae) being used as a test species for estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EEDCs), we carried out the cloning and sequence characterization of the estrogen receptor (ER). Methods: The ER from a slender bitterling was obtained by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'-RACE and 3'-RACE) and T-vector cloning. The expression of ER mRNA was also analyzed in six tissues (brain, liver, kidney, gill, gonad, and intestines) by real-time PCR. Results: We obtained an ER from the slender bitterling. The SB ER cDNA was 2189 base pairs (bp) in length and contained a 1707 bp open reading frame that encoded 568 amino acid residues. The SB ER amino acid sequence clustered in a monophyletic group with the $ER{\alpha}$ of other fish, and was more closely related to zebrafish $ER{\alpha}$(88% identity) than to the $ER{\alpha}$ of other fish. The SB ER cDNA was divided into A/B, C, D, E and F domains. The SB ER has conserved important sequences for ER functions, such as the DNA binding domain (D domain), which are consistent with those of other teleosts. Conclusions: The ER of the slender bitterling could provide basic information in toxicological studies of EEDCs in the slender bitterling.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.48-55
• /
• 2005

Cylindrocarpon destructans is a soil-borne plant pathogenic fungus causing root rot on ginseng and trees. Rapid and exact detection of this pathogen was practiced on ginseng seedlings by nested PCR using speciesspecific primer set. The second round of PCR amplification by Dest 1 and Dest 4 primer set formed 400 bp of species-specific fragment of C. destructans from the product of first round of amplification by ITS 1 and ITS 4 primer set. In the PCR sensitivity test based on DNA density, nested PCR detected to the limit of one fg and it meant the nested PCR could detect up to a few spores of C. destructans. Also, nested PCR made it possible to detect the pathogen from ginseng seedlings infected by replantation on artificial infested soil. Our nested PCR results using species-specific primer set could be utilized for diagnosis of root rot disease in ginseng cultivation.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.10-14
• /
• 2008

Batcterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of important and widespread diseases worldwide as well as in Korea. Bacterial wilt disease caused by R. solanacearum has been reported mainly in solanaceous crops including eggplant (Solanum melongena), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (S. tuberosum), and pepper (Capsicum annuum). A total of 48 strains of R. solanacearum from eggplant were collected during 2005 and 2006. They were confirmed as R. solanacearum by PCR amplification with primer pair flipcF/flipcR resulting in production of 470-bp DNA fragment. The 15 isolates exhibited pathogenicity on eggplant and tomato, but less virulent on pepper than other species. The biovar of collected isolates, which have been reported of five types worldwide, were classified as biovars 3 and 4 by physiological test. Biovar 4 was the dormant type without pathogenicity on eggplant rootstock, whereas biovar 3 had pathogenicity on eggplant rootstocks that is resistant to R. solanacearum, indicating necessity of breeding new rootstock with resistance to R. solanacearum biovar 3

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 2023

In order to optimize the pulse electroforming copper process, a double hidden layer BP (Back Propagation) neural network is constructed. Through sample training, the mapping relationship between electroforming copper process conditions and target properties is accurately established, and the prediction of microhardness and tensile strength of the electroforming layer in the pulse electroforming copper process is realized. The predicted results are verified by electrodeposition copper test in copper pyrophosphate solution system with pulse power supply. The results show that the microhardness and tensile strength of copper layer predicted by "3-4-3-2" structure double hidden layer neural network are very close to the experimental values, and the relative error is less than 2.32%. In the parameter range, the microhardness of copper layer is between 100.3~205.6MPa and the tensile strength is between 112~485MPa.When the microhardness and tensile strength are optimal,the corresponding process conditions are as follows: current density is 2A-dm-2, pulse frequency is 2KHz and pulse duty cycle is 10%.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
• /
• v.35
• /
• pp.53.1-53.15
• /
• 2023

Background: Plastics are high-molecular-weight materials composed of long carbon chains. They are prevalent in daily life, present in various items such as food containers and microwavable packaging. Phthalates, an additive used to enhance their flexibility, are endocrine-disrupting chemicals. We utilized the data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 3, representing the general South Korean population, to investigate the relationship between the use of plastics in refrigerator food storage and phthalate exposure. Methods: We assessed 3,333 adult participants (aged ≥ 19 years) including 1,526 men and 1,807 women, using data from KoNEHS cycle 3. Using the 75th percentile concentration, urine phthalate metabolites were categorized into high and low-concentration groups. χ² test was conducted to analyze variations in the distribution of each variable, considering sociodemographic factors, health-related factors, food intake, the use of plastics, and the concentration of urine phthalate metabolites as the variables. To calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the high-concentration group of urine phthalate metabolites based on the use of plastics in refrigerator food storage, logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results: In men, the use of plastics in refrigerator food storage had significantly higher adjusted ORs compared to those using the others. The adjusted ORs were calculated as follows: mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) had an OR of 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.72), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) had an OR of 1.48 (95% CI: 1.16-1.88), mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) had an OR of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.04-1.66), ∑di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (∑DEHP) had an OR of 1.37 (95% CI: 1.08-1.74) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) had an OR of 1.44 (95% CI: 1.13-1.84). Conclusion: The concentrations of urine phthalate metabolites (MEHHP, MEOHP, MECPP, ∑DEHP, and MnBP) were significantly higher in men who used plastics in refrigerator food storage compared to those using the others.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.107-121
• /
• 2010

We conducted a sensitivity test of Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), in which the influence of biophysical parameters on the simulation of gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (RE) was investigated for two typical ecosystems in Korea. For this test, we employed the whole-year observation of eddy-covariance fluxes measured in 2006 at two KoFlux sites: (1) a deciduous forest in complex terrain in Gwangneung and (2) a farmland with heterogeneous mosaic patches in Haenam. Our analysis showed that the simulated GPP was most sensitive to the maximum rate of RuBP carboxylation and leaf nitrogen concentration for both ecosystems. RE was sensitive to wood biomass parameter for the deciduous forest in Gwangneung. For the mixed farmland in Haenam, however, RE was most sensitive to the maximum rate of RuBP carboxylation and leaf nitrogen concentration like the simulated GPP. For both sites, the JULES model overestimated both GPP and RE when the default values of input parameters were adopted. Considering the fact that the leaf nitrogen concentration observed at the deciduous forest site was only about 60% of its default value, the significant portion of the model's overestimation can be attributed to such a discrepancy in the input parameters. Our finding demonstrates that the abovementioned key biophysical parameters of the two ecosystems should be evaluated carefully prior to any simulation and interpretation of ecosystem carbon exchange in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.674-684
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acute listening to music on the cardiovascular reactivity to sympathoexcitation. In this crossover design study, 15 healthy adults(23.1±1.94(yrs) were randomized to either (1)acute listen to the subject's preferred music for 30 minutes and (2)sat as a time control by an experiment coordinator. After completing each trial, the cold pressor test(CPT) was conducted. Heart rate(HR) and blood pressure(BP) were measured for 4 times at baseline, during and after the CPT. Heart rate variability(HRV) were measured for 3 times at baseline, prior and after the CPT. HR and BP increased during the CPT in both trial and returned to baseline after CPT(time effect, p < .001). After CPT, brachial systolic BP reactivity to the CPT was attenuated in listening to music trial compared to control trial(p = . 008). As a result of heart rate variability(HRV), the difference values between the baseline and prior to the CPT showed a significant increase in standard deviation of the NN intervals(SDNN), total power(TP) and high frequency(HF) only in the music trial (p = .001, p = .002, p = .011). The difference value between prior to and after the CPT did not show significance. But compared with the control trial, the music trial was confirmed that SDNN, TP and HF were more activated. Therefore, listening to music alleviated anxiety and tension before the CPT, and it is estimated that it had a favorable effect on stability after the CPT. This findings showed that listening to music may have a positive effect on brachial systolic BP and HRV to sympathoexcitation.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2001

An isolate of Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus(CMV) was isolated from Hydrangea macrophylla for. otaksa(Sieb. et Zucc. ) Wils. showing mosaic symptoms, and designated as Hm-CMV. Hm-CMV was characterized by the tests of host range, physical properties, serological properties, RNA and coat protein compositions, and reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Twelve species in 4 families were used in the host range test of Hm-CMV and could be differentiated from Y-CMV used as a control CMV by the ringspot and line pattern on inoculated leaves of several tobacco plants. Thevirus produced local lesions on inoculated leaves of Chenopodium amarticolor, C. quinoa and Vigna unguiculata. The physical properties of the virus were as follows; thermal inactivation point(TIP) was 60$\^{C}$, dilution end point (DEP) was 10$\^$-3/, and longevity in vitro (LIP) was 3∼4 days. Hm-CMV was serologically identical to Y-CMV. SDS-polyaciylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) showed one major protein band of about 28 kDa. In RNA or dsRNA analysis, Hm-CMV consisted of four RNA or dsRNA species, but satellite RNA was not detected. In RT-PCR using CMV-common primer and CMV subgroup I-specific primer, bothe amplified expected size of about 490 bp and 200 bp DNA fragments from Hm-CMV, respectively. Restriction enzyme analysis of the 490 bp RT-PCR products using EcoR I and Msp I showed that Hm-CMV belonged to CMV subgroup I. However, Hm-CMV could be differentiated from other CMV subgroup I isolates by RNA fingerprinting by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (RAP-PCR).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.419-424
• /
• 1989

The effects of browning Products (BP) from Kanjang(soy sauce) and charcoal on the degradation of aflatoxin $B_1(AFB_1)$ in Kanjang and its model system were studied. Approximately 60% of $AFB_1$ was degraded in the presence of 0.05% BP at pH 7 of phosphate buffer after 2 days of incubation at $30^{\circ}C$. The mutagenicity of the $AFB_1$ which reacted with the BP was decreased to about 50% and 70% in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains, respectively (p<0.05). When a few pieces of charcoal were added to home made Kanjang, $AFB_1$ was quite stable for 5days at $30^{\circ}C$, however, about 80% of $AFB_1$ was removed when the charcoal was either in distilled water or in 20% of NaCl solution after 2 days of incubation. Activated carbon instead of the charcoal removed $AFB_1$ completely in the all samples under the same conditions.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.349-360
• /
• 2000

An epidemiological survey was conducted to investigate fowl typhoid outbreaks in Kyungnam province of Korea. The causative agent, salmonella gallinarum was isolated from 68 chicken samples of tentatively diagnosed fowl typhoid cases occurred during the period from January 1996 to September 1999. Comparative studies were also carried out to evaluate the diagnostic methods for detection of S gallinam The results obtained were as follows; 1. Of the 68 cases of tentatively diagnosed fowl typhoid, 56 (82%) cases were determined as fowl typhoid by biochemical test and pathological findings. The other 12 (18%) cases were determined as paratyphoid. 2. Fowl typhoid outbreaks occur continuously all seasons in the year, however the incidence was remarkably increased from May to September. 3. The frequency of incidence of fowl typhoid in terms of regional distribution was relatively high in egg-laying hens facilities, and the mode of transmission is likely to be either egg-to-egg or lateral transfer by wild birds or rats. 4. All of 18 isolates from 56 cases were identified as S gallinarum by biochemical and serological test. 5. Antimicrobial drug susceptibility test against 18 isolates showed that the isolates were highly susceptible to ASH, CZ, CF and GM (above 90%), whereas those strains were 100% resistant to EM, NA and PC. 6. S gallinarum rfbS gene was targeted to be amplified by PCR for comparative detection of S gallinarum in the experimentally infected chickens. The amplified 720bp DNA fragment, which is specific in D serogroup strains of S enterica subspecies was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. 7. A comparison made between fecal culture and PCR-method revealed that later-method was relatively higher in detection rate than that of former method for S gallinarum. 8. Comparison of currently applied methods, rapid serum agglutination test (RST) and microplate agglutination test (MAT), with experimentally infected chickens were made to evaluate sensitivity of detection by neutralizing antibody titration. Both methods detected neutralizing antibodies from the challenged chickens of 5 day post infection. However, positive reactions were determined after 7 and 9 days post infection by MAT and RST, respectively.