• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.74-83
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• 2014

This paper proposes a study on the configuration of balancing of plant(BOP) and implementation of battery management system(BMS) functions for vanadium redox flow battery(VRFB) and propose a method consists of sensor and required design specifications BOP system configuration. And it proposes an method of the functions implementation and control algorithm of the BMS for flow battery. Functions of BMS include temperature control, the charge and discharge control, flow control, level control, state of charge(SOC) estimation and a battery protection through the sensor signal of BOP. Functions of BMS is implemented by the sensor signal, so it is recognized as a very important factor measurement accuracy of the data. Therefore, measuring a mechanical signal(flow rate, temperature, level) through the BOP test model, and the measuring an electrical signal(cell voltage, stack voltage and stack current) through the VRFB charge-discharge system and analyzes the precision of data in this paper. Also it shows a good charge-discharge test results by the SOC estimation algorithm of VRFB. Proposed BOP configuration and BMS functions implementation can be used as a reference indicator for VRFB system design.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.120-124
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• 2011

The design of an air compressor-driving quadratic linear actuator in a fuel cell BOP system is studied using orthogonal techniques. The approach utilizes an orthogonal array for design of 'experiments', i.e. the scheme for numerical simulations using a finite element method. Eco-friendly energy is increasingly important due to the depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution. Among the new energy sources, fuel cell is spotlighted as renewable energy because it produces few dusts. The air compressor performance is directly related to the efficiency of the fuel cell BOP system has high power consumption. In this paper, an optimized technique using an orthogonal matrix is applied to the design problem to improve the performance of quadratic linear actuator.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.101-106
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• 2016

NSSS (Nuclear Steam Supply System) and BOP (Balance of Plant) design works for PGSFR (Prototype Gen-IV Sodium Fast Reactor) have been conducted in Korea. NSSS major components, e.g. reactor vessel, steam generator and secondary sodium main pipes, are designed according to the rule of ASME boiler and pressure vessel code division 5, in which DBA (Design by Analysis) methods are used in the stress assessments. However, there is little discussions about detail rules for BOP piping design. In this paper, the detail methodologies of BOP piping stress assessment are discussed including safety systems and non-safety system pipings. It is confirmed that KEPIC MGE(ASME B31.1) and ASME BPV code division 5 HCB-3600 can be used in stress assessments of non-safety pipes and class B pipes, respectively. However, class A pipe design according to ASME BPV code division 5 HBB-3200 has many difficulties applying to PGSFR BOP design. Finally, future development plan for class A pipe stress assessment method is proposed in this paper.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.128.2-128.2
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• 2010

For stationary 1kW-class fuel cell systems to be used widely, it is essential to achieve dramatic improvements in system durability as well as cost reduction. In order to address this engineering challenge, it is important to develop innovative technologies associated with BOP components. According to this background, in 2009, the Korean Government and "Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)" launched into the strategic development project of BOP technology for practical applications and commercializations of stationary fuel cell systems, named "Technology Development on Cost Reduction of BOP Components for 1kW Stationary Fuel Cell Systems to Promote Green-Home Dissemination Project". The objectives of this project are to develop fundamental technologies to meet these requirements, and to improve the performance and functionality of BOP components with reasonable price. The project consortium consists of Korea's leading fuel cell system manufacturers, BOP component manufacturers which technologically specialized, and several research institutions. This paper is to provide a summary of the project, as well as the achievements made through the 1st period of the project(2009~2010). Several prototypes of BOPs - Cathode air blowers, burner air blowers, preferential oxidation air blowers, fuel blowers, cooling water pumps, reformer water pumps, heat recovery pumps, mass flow meters, valves and power conditioning systems - had been developed through this project in 2010. As results of this project, it is expected that a technological breakthrough of these BOP components will result in a substantial system cost reduction.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.1974-1987
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• 2023

The load-following operation of small modular reactors (SMRs) requires accurate prediction of transient behaviors that can occur in the balance of plants (BOP) and the nuclear steam supply system (NSSS). However, 1-D thermal-hydraulics analysis codes developed for safety and performance analysis have conventionally excluded the BOP from the simulation by assuming ideal boundary conditions for the main steam and feed water (MS/FW) systems, i.e., an open loop. In this study, we introduced a lumped model of BOP fluid system and coupled it with NSSS without any ideal boundary conditions, i.e., in a closed loop. Various methods for coupling boundary conditions at MS/FW were tested to validate their combination in terms of minimizing numerical instability, which mainly arises from the coupled boundaries. The method exhibiting the best performance was selected and applied to a transient simulation of an integrated NSSS and BOP system of a SMART. For a transient event with core power change of 100-20-100%, the simulation exhibited numerical stability throughout the system without any significant perturbation of thermal-hydraulic parameters. Thus, the introduced boundary-condition coupling method and BOP fluid system model can expectedly be employed for the transient simulation and performance analysis of SMRs requiring daily load-following operations.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1090-1094
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• 2009

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.469-475
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• 1999

고객의 주문에 따라 제품을 설계하고 생산하는 수주생산업체의 생산일정계획을 수립하는 데는 널리 알려진 자재소요량 기법이 적합하지 않다. BOP는 이러한 수주생산업종의 생산일정계획에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있는 기본 자료이며, 본 논문에서는 이것을 이용한 효과적인 유한능력 생산일정계획 절차를 제시한다. 아울러 이를 기반으로 앞으로 계속되어야 할 연구 주제 및 현재 일정계획절차의 개선방향에 대하여 설명한다.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1149-1162
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• 2012

The impact of a considerable increase in traffic volume on the emission and concentrations of air pollutants was investigated at three beaches (Haeundae (HB), Gwanganri (GB), and Songjeong (SB)) in Busan during beach opening period (BOP) in 2011. During the BOP, passenger car was the major vehicle type, followed by taxi, and van. CO was the major contributor of total air pollutant emissions followed by NOx, VOC, and $PM_{10}$. For the temporal variation of the emission of air pollutants during the BOP, it was generally the highest in the afternoon followed by the evening and morning, except for SB. For the spatial variation of their emission, it was the highest at GB followed by SB and HB. The emissions of air pollutants during the BOP were generally higher than those during the Non-BOP, except for HB. In contrast, the significant impact of the traffic volume increase on the concentrations of air pollutants at monitoring sites near the three beaches during the BOP were not found compared to the Non-BOP due to the significant distances between monitoring sites of air pollutants and monitoring sites of traffic volume at the beaches.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.262-276
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• 2016

Generally, the Safety Integrity Level (SIL) of a subsea Blowout Preventer (BOP) is evaluated by determining the Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD), a low demand mode evaluation indicator. However, some SIL results are above the PFD's effective area despite the subsea BOP's demand rate being within the PFD's effective range. Determining a Hazardous Event Frequency (HEF) that can cover all demand rates could be useful when establishing the effective BOP SIL. This study focused on subsea BOP functions that follow guideline 070 of the Norwegian Oil and Gas. Events that control subsea well kicks are defined. The HEF of each BOP function is analyzed and compared with the PFD by investigating the frequency for each event and the demand rate for the components. In addition, risk control options related to PFD and HEF improvements are compared, and the effectiveness of HEF as a SIL verification for subsea BOP is assessed.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.541-544
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• 2005

This study presents the integrated modeling approach to simulate the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system for vehicle application. The fuel cell system consisting of stack and balance of plant (BOP) was simulated with MATLAB/Simulink environment to estimate the maximum system power and investigate the effect of BOP component sizing on system performance and efficiency. The PEM fuel cell stack model was established by using a semi-empirical modeling. To maximize the net efficiency of fuel cel1 system, multi-variable optimization code was adopted. Using this method the optimized operating values were obtained according to various system net power levels. The fuel cell model established was co-linked to AVL CRUISE, a vehicle simulation package. Through the vehicle simulation software, the fuel economy of fuel cell powered electric vehicle for two types of driving cycles was presented and compared. It is expected that this study tan be effectively employed in the basic BOP component sizing and in establishing system operation map with respect to net power level of fuel cell system.