• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.153-170
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• 2011

OMTP (Open Mobile Terminal Platform)는 사용자 지향의 모바일 서비스와 데이터 비즈니스의 성장을 목적으로 이동통신 사업자에 의해서 만들어진 국제 포럼이다. BONDI는 OMTP에서 만든 브라우저 기반의 애플리케이션 혹은 위셋이 무선 단말기의 기능을 보안적인 방법으로 접근하게 하는 모바일 웹 런타임 플랫폼이다. 이는 HTML, JavaScript, CSS, AJAX등 웹 표준 기술로 작성된 애플리케이션이 이동 단말기 내부기능에 접근 할 수 있음을 의미한다. BONDI는 웹 run-time 환경에서 단순 네트워크 애플리케이션의 한계를 벗어나 단말 내부의 리소스를 표준안을 통해 접근하게 하기 때문에 OS, 플랫폼에 상관없는 애플리케이션 및 위셋 개발이 가능하다. 웹 브라우저에서 실행되는 위셋은 네트워크 환경에 영향을 받을 수 있으며, 위셋 및 애플리케이션이 무거워 질수록 위셋의 실행속도가 느려질 수 있다는 단점이 있지만 단말기 내부의 네이티브 애플리케이션에 비해 빠르게 웹 리소스를 사용할 수 있고, 사용자가 접근하기 간편한 인터페이스 때문에 꾸준히 사용될 전망이다. 본 논문에서는 OMTP BONDI 웹 위셋 리소스를 효율적으로 운용하고 관리하기 위한 기법을 제안하고 구동 성능 평가 실험을 통하여 개선 결과를 제시 하였다. 실험은 BONDI 위셋 구동시 사용을 위한 해당 모듈만 로드할 수 있도록 하여 위셋 엔진에서 실행 시 로드되는 모듈 로딩속도를 향상시켜 전체 동작 시간을 개선하고자 하는 목적으로 진행되었다. 이를 위해 BONDI 위셋의 실행속도를 빠르게 할 수 있는 Widget Resource List를 재정의 하고 Widget Cache를 사용하였으며 기존 사용 위셋을 삭제한 후에도 관리할 수 있는 Widget Box를 고안하여 일시적으로 사용하지 않는 위셋을 보관 할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.52.4-53
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• 2020

It is less well known that the properties, especially the mass accretion rate, of accretion flow are affected by the angular momentum of accreting gas. Park (2009) found that the mass accretion rate \dot{m}, mass accretion rate in units of Bondi accretion rate, is inversely proportional to the angular momentum of gas λ, at the Bondi radius where gas sound speed is equal to the free-fall velocity and proportional to the viscosity parameter α, and also Narayan & Fabian (2011) found a similar relation, but the dependence of the mass accretion rate of the gas angular momentum is much weaker. In this work, we investigate the global solutions for the rotating Bondi flow, i.e., polytropic flow accreting via viscosity, for various accretion parameters and the dependence of the mass accretion rate on the physical characteristics of gas. We set the outer boundary at various radius r_{out}=10^3~10^5 r_{Sch}, where r_{Sch} is the Schwarzschild radius of the black hole. For a small Bondi radius, the mass accretion rate changes steeply, as the angular momentum changes, and for a large Bondi radius, the mass accretion rate changes gradually. When the accreting gas has a near or super Keplerian rotation, we confirm that the relation between the mass accretion rate and angular momentum is roughly independent of Bondi radius as shown in Park (2009). We find that \dot{m} is determined by the gas angular momentum at the Bondi radius in units of r_{Sch}c. We also investigate the solution for the rotating Bondi flow with the outflow. The outflow affects the determination of the mass accretion rate at the outer boundary. We find that the relation between the mass accretion and the gas angular momentum becomes shallower as the outflow strengthens.

• 천문학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.159-161
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• 2014

The jet production efficiency of radio galaxies can be quantified by comparison of their kinetic jet powers $P_{jet}$ and Bondi accretion powers $P_B$. These two parameters are known to be related linearly, with the jet power resulting from the Bondi power by multiplication with an efficiency factor of order 1%. Using a recently published (Nemmen & Tchekhovskoy 2014) high-quality sample of 27 radio galaxies, I construct a $P_B$ - $P_{jet}$ diagram that includes information on optical AGN types as far as available. This diagram indicates that the jet production efficiency is a function of AGN type: Seyfert 2 galaxies seem to be systematically (with a false alarm probability of $4.3{\times}10^{-4}$) less efficient, by about one order of magnitude, in powering jets than Seyfert 1 galaxies, LINERs, or the remaining radio galaxies. This suggests an evolutionary sequence from Sy 2s to Sy 1s and LINERs, controlled by an interplay of jets on the one hand and dust and gas in galactic nuclei on the other hand. When taking this effect into account, the $P_B$ - $P_{jet}$ relation is probably much tighter intrinsically than currently assumed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.1985-1992
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• 2011

The stable conformers of glycine and the inter-conversions between them were studied theoretically at various levels of theory, B3LYP, MP2, CCSD and CCSD(T), in the gas phase and in aqueous solution. In aqueous solution, the structures examined by use of the conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) with various cavity models, UA0, UAHF, UAKS, UFF, BONDI and PAULING, and by use of a discrete/continuum solvation model with eight water clusters. The Gibbs free energy differences between the neutral (NE) and zwitterionic conformers (ZW), ${\Delta}G_{Z-N}[=G_{ZW}-G_{NE}]$, in aqueous solution were well reproduced by using the BONDI and PAULING cavity models. However the ${\Delta}G_{Z-N}$ values were underestimated in other cavity models, although the ZW conformers existed as stable species in aqueous solution. In the studies of a discrete/continuum solvation model with eight water clusters, gas phase results are still insufficient to reproduce the experimental findings. However the ${\Delta}G_{Z-N}$ values calculated by use of CPCM method in aqueous solution agreed well with the experimental ones.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2012

A few high-mass X-ray binaries-consisting of an OB star plus compact companion-have been observed by Fermi and ground-based Cerenkov telescopes like High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) to be sources of very high energy (VHE; up to 30 TeV) ${\gamma}$-rays. This paper focuses on the prominent ${\gamma}$-ray source, LS 5039, which consists of a massive O6.5V star in a 3.9-day-period, mildly elliptical ($e{\approx}0.24$) orbit with its companion, assumed here to be an unmagnetized compact object (e.g., black hole). Using three dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of the Bondi-Hoyle accretion of the O-star wind onto the companion, we find that the orbital phase variation of the accretion follows very closely the simple Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton (BHL) rate for the local radius and wind speed. Moreover, a simple model, wherein intrinsic emission of ${\gamma}$-rays is assumed to track this accretion rate, reproduces quite well Fermi observations of the phase variation of ${\gamma}$-rays in the energy range 0.1-10 GeV. However for the VHE (0.1-30 TeV) radiation observed by the HESS Cerenkov telescope, it is important to account also for photon-photon interactions between the ${\gamma}$-rays and the stellar optical/UV radiation, which effectively attenuates much of the strong emission near periastron. When this is included, we find that this simple BHL accretion model also quite naturally fits the HESS light curve, thus making it a strong alternative to the pulsar-wind-shock models commonly invoked to explain such VHE ${\gamma}$-ray emission in massive-star binaries.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.375-385
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• 2020

Minkowski spaces have long been investigated with respect to certain properties and substructues such as hyperbolic curves, hyperbolic angles and hyperbolic arc length. In 2009, based on these properties, Chung et al. [3] defined the basic concepts of special relativity, and thus; they interpreted the geometry of the Minkowski spaces. Then, in 2017, E. Nesovic [6] showed the geometric meaning of pseudo angles by interpreting the angle among the unit timelike, spacelike and null vectors on the Minkowski plane. In this study, we show that hyperbolic angle depends on time, t. Moreover, using this fact, we investigate the angles between the unit timelike and spacelike vectors.

• 천문학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.116-121
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• 1990

It has been suggested that there could be a large number of primordial black holes which were formed in the early universe. We analyze the growth of such a primordial black hole following two different accretion rates - the Eddington accretion rate and the Bondi accretion rate - at the center of a host star like the sun. We find that a primordial black hole with M < ${\sim}10^{17}\;g$ cannot substantially grow in any case throughout the lifetime of a host star. If M > ${\sim}10^{17}\;g$, the evolution of a host star depends entirely on the mode of accretion, but it ends as a black hole in either case. Since more stars may have primordial black holes at the center of a galaxy this may result in a cluster of such black holes, and the cluster may eventually collapse to produce a single supermassive black hole.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.175-198
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• 2002

This paper is to develop a security module for electronic approval systems. Electronic documents are created, transmitted and saved in the company's intranet computer network. Transmitting electronic documents, however, brings us a security problem. Communications among various computer systems are exposed to many security threats. Those threats are eavesdropping, repudiation, replay back etc. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a module which provides the security of electronic documents while they are passed from one place to another This paper applies Multi-Level security to the electronic approval system that guarantees security of electronic documents from many threats. Multi-Level security controls the access to the documents by granting security level to subject users and object electronic documents. To prevent possible replay back attacks, this paper also uses one time password to the system. The security module is composed of client program and server one. The module was developed using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 and Microsoft SQL Server 7.0. The code uses Richard Bondi's WCCO(Wiley CryptoAPI COM Objects) library functions which enables Visual Basic to access Microsoft CryptoAPI.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2010년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.1446-1449
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• 2010

닌텐도 위 출시 이후 가속센서를 활용한 체감형 게임기에 관한 관심이 급증하고 있다. 닌텐도의 경우 위 리모트에 가속센서를 탑재하여 사용자가 라켓이나 배트를 휘두르는 것과 같은 조작이 가능하게 한다. 스마트폰 또한 가속센서를 내장해 출시되고 있기 때문에 스마트폰의 가속센서를 활용해 게임을 개발할 수 있다. 하지만 스마트폰 플랫폼은 다양하기 때문에 한 플랫폼에서 개발을 완료하였다 하더라도 다른 플랫폼에서 동작하려면 대상 플랫폼에 맞게 프로그램을 재작성 해야 하는 단점이 있다. 해결책으로 웹 어플리케이션이 제안되어 왔다. 그러나 웹 어플리케이션은 자바스크립트 보안 정책 때문에 파일시스템, 센서 등 로컬 자원에 대한 접근이 불가능하다. 이러한 단점을 극복하고자 웹 어플리케이션이 센서를 조작하고 파일시스템에 접근할 수 있도록 지원하는 PhoneGap, BONDI 등의 솔루션이 개발되었다. 본 논문은 센서를 사용한 웹 게임의 구현을 통해 센서를 이용한 웹 게임 개발 방법을 제시한다.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.829-839
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• 2023

Background and Objectives: There is limited data on the impact of type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from January 2019 to December 2020 was queried to identify T2MI hospitalizations based on the appropriate International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision-Clinical Modification codes. Monthly trends of COVID-19 and T2MI hospitalizations were evaluated using Joinpoint regression analysis. In addition, the multivariate logistic and linear regression analysis was used to compare inhospital mortality, coronary angiography use, and resource utilization between 2019 and 2020. Results: A total of 743,535 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of T2MI were identified in the years 2019 (n=331,180) and 2020 (n=412,355). There was an increasing trend in T2MI hospitalizations throughout the study period corresponding to the increase in COVID-19 hospitalizations in 2020. The adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality associated with T2MI hospitalizations were significantly higher in 2020 compared with 2019 (11.1% vs. 8.1%: adjusted odds ratio, 1.19 [1.13-1.26]; p<0.01). In addition, T2MI hospitalizations were associated with lower odds of coronary angiography and higher total hospitalization charges, with no difference in the length of stay in 2020 compared with 2019. Conclusions: We found a significant increase in T2MI hospitalizations with higher in-hospital mortality, total hospitalization costs, and lower coronary angiography use during the early COVID-19 pandemic corresponding to the trends in the rise of COVID-19 hospitalizations. Further research into the factors associated with increased mortality can increase our preparedness for future pandemics.