• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.531-537
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• 2017

The biologic Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a reliable and generally accepted indicator of water pollution by organic pollutants. Accordingly, estimation of BOD export from paddies carries important implications fwith regard to water management in rural areas. In this study, hydrology and BOD concentration were monitored during the period 2008 through 2012, in an effort to understand the characteristics of BOD export from paddy fields. The findings demonstrated that BOD load by rainfall above 50 mm. occupied about 50 % of total load, whereas the load by less than ten mm. rainfall occupied about 29 % of the total load during periods of stormy activity. It therefore seems that it could be possible to reduce the BOD load up to 29 % during storm periods, when drainage control conducted for rainfall less than ten mm.(an amount which is relatively easy to manage). The documented mean loads of storm and non-storm were $17.1kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ and $11.2kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, respectively. The BOD load during the significant rainfall period was similar to the renewed unit load by NIER (2014). However, there were substantial differences between unit load and actual load when the non-storm load was incorporated into the BOD load estimation from paddy fields. In view of the foregoing, it is felt that, the non-storm load needs to be further considered and managed for the successful implementation of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.367-377
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• 2014

국내 최대 상수원인 팔당호는 하천형 호소로 분류되며, 팔당호 수질은 외부오염원의 영향이 크다. 이에 본 연구에서는 팔당호 상류지역의 오염원 분포와 오염물질 유출특성을 분석하여 BOD와 TP 관리를 위한 중점관리 오염원을 선정하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 11개 단위유역에 대한 오염원별 발생부하량과 배출부하량을 조사하고, 74개 소하천의 수질 유량 측정결과를 이용하여 유달부하량과 유역면적당 유달부하 밀도를 분석하였다. 오염원별 BOD, TP 발생부하량과 배출부하량, 유달부하량을 분석한 결과, BOD 발생부하량은 축산계가 66.0%로 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였고, BOD 배출부하량은 생활계가 42.7%를 차지하였으며, BOD 유달부하량은 축산계와 생활계가 각각 36.4%, 34.3%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. TP 발생부하량과 배출부하량, 유달부하량 모두 축산계에서 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였으며, 각각 82.5%, 44.4%, 46.7%로 나타났다. 또한 BOD 유달부하밀도는 인구밀도가 높은 경안천 유역이 $14.6kg/km^2/d$으로 가장 높았고, TP 유달부하밀도는 가축사육두수가 많은 청미천 유역이 $1.23kg/km^2/d$이 가장 높게 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 팔당호 수질개선을 위해서는 생활오수와 가축분뇨를 중심으로 오염원관리가 필요하며 경안천 유역은 생활오수에 대한 관리가 필요하고 남한강 유역, 특히 청미천 유역은 가축분뇨에 대한 관리가 필요한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.494-502
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to understand distribution characteristics of organic matters through concentration of $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$ and TOC in 31 streams in Han River region, and to establish the relationship among organic matter concentration, and discharge load and flow rate. Concentration of $BOD_5$ and TOC in 22 streams were above IV grade except 9, and the average 80.9 % of total organic matter (by TOC) accounted for dissolved organic type. Correlation among organic matter parameters were higher ($r^2$ > 0.78) and the relationship between TOC and $COD_{Mn}$ concentration was higher than $BOD_5$. Ratio of biodegradable organic matter/total organic matter in the 31 streams was estimated at 41.4 % with $BOD_5$ oxidation rate, and 78.0 % with $BOD_5/COD_{Mn}$ concentration ratio. Ratio of $NBOD/BOD_5$ concentration in four sites with $BOD_5/COD_{Mn}$ concentration ratio exceeding 1 ranged from 54.5 % ~ 79.3 %. Among 979 flow rate data measured at 31 streams, 87 % of measured data was below 0.1 cms and increased water pollution under low flow conditions. Correlation between $BOD_5$ concentration and $BOD_5$ discharge load in the watershed was low, and it was revealed that several streams have more $BOD_5$ delivery load than $BOD_5$ discharge load. Results suggest that many biodegradable forms of organic matter are being introduced into the stream from pollutant sources in the watershed.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 1990

Adapting two step aeration system to a waste water treatment of W-paper manufactory as Full-Scale Plants, we drew a following conclusion from its practical working. 1. Because BOD removal efficiency was 20% in A-Stage, 90% in B-Stage and total removal efficiency was 97%. It worked treatment plant well and was suitable for effluent water standard as well. Because COD removal efficiency was 42% in A-stage, 71% in B-stage and the total removal efficiency was 94% COD control was possible in effluent water quality. 2. Treatment efficiency according to a load capacity was average 20% in 1.401 BOD kg/m3/d load of A-Stage and average 90% in 0.273 BOD kg/$\textrm {m}^3$ / d load of B-Stage. 3. Treatment efficiency according to a ratio of F/M was 2.657--5.024 kg BOD/kg MLSS/d in A-Stage and BOD removal efficiency was 16-261 in the same stage. The ratio of F/M was 0.068-0.094 kg BOD /kg MLSS/d and BOD removal efficiency ratio was 85-94%. Therefore treatment efficiency could be kept stably and volume of aeration tank could be reduced wholly. 4. Treatment efficiency according to MLSS appeared BOD 20%. COD 42%, in A-Stage and removal efficiency appeared BOD 90%, COD 71% in B-Stage. They were suitable for plan condition. 5. Because of working of complemented treatment plant by AB-Process. 20,000,000 Won a month was saved than the ordinary working cost. Therefore, it was assumed that invested cost could be recollected in 19 months or so consequently.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1265-1273
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• 2006

용담댐 저수지에 대하여 목표수질 설정과 오염물질 부하량 추정 및 유량분석을 실시하여 수질의 변화과정을 모의함으로써 환경용량과 오염부하삭감량을 추정하였다. 목표수질은 상수원수 $1{\sim}2$등급, COD $1.0{\sim}3.0$ mg/L와 TP $0.01{\sim}0.03$ mg/L로 설정하고, 용담댐 저수지의 수질모형을 42개 소구획을 가진 WASP5로 구성하고, 보정하여 측정치와 계산치의 상관계수는 BOD 0.73, $PO_4-P$ 0.98이었다. 목표수질 COD 2.0 mg/L와 TP 0.02 mg/L에 대한 환경용량은 연구조건에 따라 BOD $131,880{\sim}4,694$ kg/일, TP $7,855{\sim}167$ kg/일이고, 각 경우의 오염부하 삭감률은 BOD $51{\sim}62%$, TP $47{\sim}67%$로 나타났다. 환경용량은 기존연구보다 작게 추정되었고 삭감부하율은 기존결과들의 중간에 해당하였다. 상수원수 $1{\sim}2$등급의 수질을 연중 달성할 오염부하 삭감률은 기존 연구조건에서 BOD $72{\sim}16%$, TP $78{\sim}36%$이고, 신규 연구조건에서 BOD $81{\sim}44%$, TP $84{\sim}52%$로 나타났다. 기존연구의 삭감량과 비교하면 BOD는 가장 적고 TP는 4개 중 2번째로 적었다. 목표삭감부하량의 소유역별 배분에서 TP는 취수탑 구획에 대한 근접도의 영향이 크게 나타났으나 COD는 별다른 차이가 없었다.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.262-267
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• 2006

연안해역의 COD 항목 농도관리를 위해서는 유역 COD 오염부하량 조사 추정이 필요하나 현재 유역에서의 발생 오염부하량 추정식이 BOD 기준으로 제시되어 있는 실정이다. 해역 오염총량관리를 수행하기 위한 COD 오염부하량 추정식 개발은 많은 관측 및 시간이 소요될 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구에서는 시화호 및 인천 연안유역의 하천 및 공단배수 COD 농도, BOD 농도 비율 변화분석을 수행하였으며, 분석결과를 이용하여 COD 오염부하량 추정기법을 제시하였다. COD 오염부하량 추정은 기존의 BOD 오염부하량 원단위를 이용하여 추정한 방법에 환산계수를 곱하는 방법으로, 환산계수는 평균 + [$1{\sim}3$ 범위의 안전계수] ${\times}$표준편차로 계산할 수 있다. 본 연구결과에 의하면 시화호 및 인천연안의 COD 오염부하량 추정 환산계수는 안전계수 1, 2, 3인 경우 각각 1.7, 2.3, 2.9로 추정되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.650-660
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• 2017

In this study, pollutant emission characteristics by water damage period analyzed 11 items (water temperature, pH, DO, EC, BOD, COD, TOC, SS, T-N, T-P and flow) with load duration curve, time series load curve and factor analysis for three years (2014-2016). Load duration curve is applied to judge the level of impaired waterbody and estimate impaired level by pollutants such as BOD and T-P in this study depending on variation of stream flow. Water quality standard exceeded the flow of mid-range and low-range by flow condition evaluation using load duration curve. This watershed was influenced by point source more than non-point source. Cumulative excess rate of BOD and T-P kept water quality standard for all seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) except BOD 59% in spring. Water quality changes were influenced by pollutants of basic environmental treatment facilities and agricultural areas during spring and summer. Results of factor analysis were classified commonly first factor (BOD, COD, and TOC) and second factor (flow, water temperature and SS). Therefore, effects of artificial pollutants and maintenance water must be controlled seasonally and reduced relative to water damage caused by point pollution sources with effluent standard strengthened in the target watershed.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.17-27
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• 1985

The objectives of this study is to examine efficiency of swinery wastewater treatment by trickling filters' pilot plant. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The characteristics of sample. The BOD$_5$ was from 2,450 to 2,880mg/l, COD(KMnO$_4$ acid method) was from 910 to 1,064mg/l, and SS was from 920 to 990mg/l. The pH of influent was from 7.3 to 7.6, and the temperature of water was from 17.0$\circ$C to 22.5$\circ$C. 2. For experiment by recirculation, the BODs removal efficiency is 65.2% at recirculation ratio (r)=0, and 70.7% at r=1. The ramoval efficiency of this study is higher than NRC formula of U.S.A.. The recirculation is not significant effect on removal efficiency. 3. For experiment by hydraulic load, the BOD$_5$ removal rate decreased from 73.1% at $3.1m^3/m^2\cdot d$ to 65.3% at $9.2m^3/m^2\cdot d$. The design formula of this study which shows the removal rate of soluble BOD is $Le/Li =10^{-0.24} D/Q^{0.24}$ (Q: hydraulic load, D: depth of filter). 4. For experiment by organic load, the BOD$_5$ removal rate is increased from 70.2% at $0.77kg/m^3\cdot d$ to 75.4% at $4.28kg/m^3\cdot d$. We can obtain the straight line y=0.749 x (y: removed BOD, x :applied BOD) by the least squares method. 5. We can know that trickling filters is strong with the hydraulic load and the organic matter shock load. Here, we can judge that trickling filters is a good method for the treatment of swinery wastewater which containing high concentrated organic matter.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.830-839
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 현재 시행되고 있는 오염총량관리제 모니터링 시스템에 적용가능한 부하량 추정기법에 대하여 제시하였다. 수정 TANK 모형을 통하여 8일 간격 유량자료의 1일 간격 유량자료로의 확장을 시행하여 유황곡선의 작성을 가능하게 하였다. 7변수 대수 선형 모형 적용 통한 BOD, COD 및 TOC 부하량 추정에서 만족스러운 결과를 확인할 수 있었다. 연구의 적용의 일환으로, 낙동강유역의 BOD, COD 및 TOC 항목의 부하량 유황 곡선을 작성하여 전체적인 분포를 살펴보았다. 본 연구를 통하여 파악된 부하량 유황곡선은 해당 지점의 현재 전체적인 수질현황을 확률적으로 파악할 수 있음과 동시에 이를 시각적으로 도시할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.917-925
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• 2012

In this study, we report the runoff characteristics of pollutants for Tamjin A and B watershed in Tamjin river basin using statistical analysis, such as correlation analysis and regression equation. Flow rate and water qualtiy data collected from 2 sampling sites(Tamjin A and B watershed) during 3 years(2009~2011) were analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand(BOD), total nitorgen(TN), total phosphorus(TP) and suspended solid(SS). The results showed that strong correlations were observed between flow rate and SS in Tamjin A, while weak correlations were observed among the BOD, TN, and TP. In Tamjin B, strong correlations were observed among the flow rate, SS and T-P except BOD and TP. Meanwhile, the values of $R^2$ for regression equations between flow rate and pollutants load were greater than 0.7. Results of these statistics indicated that there was a good agreement between flow rate and pollutants load. Also, the flow rate exponents of regression equations for BOD, TN, and TP were smaller than 1 in Tamjin A. In Tamjin B, flow rate exponents of regression equation for BOD and TP were smaller than 1. These results indicated that concentrations of BOD, TN, TP in Tamjin A and concentrations of BOD and TP were decreased as the flow rate was increased. This means that rater than nonpoint sources, point sources affect BOD, TN and TP in Tamjin A and BOD and TP in Tamjin B.